Calla Aitiopiya: kulima ndi kukonza

Okonda zomera m'nyumba chotchuka kwambiri Calla ku Aitiopiya. Chomera wa banja Araceae wachibale calla chithaphwi ndi calamus. Mu chikhalidwe, pali 6 zosiyanasiyana izo. Onsewo ndi wokongola kwambiri ndipo ndi katundu zachilendo.

mafotokozedwe

Malo Callas ankaona South Africa. maluwa zokongola ndi ulemerero weniweni wa nyumba, greenhouses, kuyang'ana kwambiri mu bouquets. Chomera waukulu, ndi masamba lonse zokoma ndi chonyezimira, mtima woboola pakati ndipo ndi yowala mtundu wobiriwira. Iwo ili petioles yaitali woyambira ndi anakonza mu Rosette. Kapangidwe yoyambirira ya maluwa palokha ndi osiyana. Iwo apangidwa pa mapeto a kuwuka ndi muvi umaimira lachikasu chisononkho inflorescence atakulungidwa woyera chophimba. Fungo la ndi ofooka kwambiri ndipo akufanana vanila.

Maluwa zambiri kumayambira theka lachiwiri la chisanu ndi kumatenga miyezi 1.5-2. Pogwiritsa ntchito mayina osiyanasiyana kudziwika Aitiopiya calla - Zantedeschia, Ryszard, calla. mitundu pomwepo kenaka Tuberous chaka chilichonse ambiri mbewu, amene ayenera kuchotsedwa kuti iwo anachedwa maluwa.

zinthu kukula

The chinthu chopambana calla kumva lalikulu ndi yowala chipinda. M'mikhalidwe pafupi zotheka kwa zachilengedwe, mbewu adzasangalala kukongola kwa nthawi yaitali. Mphamvu kwa mitundu zimenezi buku, ndi poto mokwanira kwambiri. Dzuwa Calla Aitiopiya sanachite mantha, koma ayenera kukhala kusodza-chishango. Nkofunika kulemekeza malamulo zoyambirira za kulima - kusunga chofunika kutentha, kuunikira, chinyezi, panthawi yake umuna.

Zofunika pansi

M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, calla maluwa amakonda yonyowa marshland. Izi ziyenera kuonedwa pamene akukonzekera nthaka chifukwa chodzala chisakanizo, kuwonjezera mtsinje matope ndi kuika pansi kwambiri poto mphika (ayenera muli wosanjikiza madzi osachepera 5 cm). Ngati muli kudalira yokonza yaitali mbewu, m'pofunika kuti gawo lapansi anali pang'ono acidic, wolemera mu zakudya. Mu kapangidwe kake Payenera kukhala ndi dongo-sod peat lapansi, manyowa, zimene mchenga (onse pa chiŵerengero cha 1: 1: 1: 0,5). zabwino kwambiri, ngati inu mukhoza kuwonjezera pang'ono chithaphwi kapena mtsinje matope gawo lapansi. Bad kukula calla Aitiopiya panyumba peat koyera. Ena amalima ntchito yokonzekera nthaka Kusakaniza manyowa kapena manyowa.

ankafika

Mu March kukonzekera miphika lalikulu - chimodzi mphamvu tuber ayenera kukhala osachepera 3 malita. Anatsanulira chisakanizo nthaka ndi Kuwonjezera superphosphate (1 supuni pa 3 lita imodzi ya gawo lapansi). Pansi pa wosanjikiza ngalande udzathiridwa mosamala.

Tubers, anafuna kuti kubzala, ayenera kukhala wathanzi. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi kutakasuka awo, kuwala mtundu wachikasu ndi kukhalapo kwa masamba moyo apical. Siyabwino imvi zouma tubers ndi khungu makwinya. malo omwe alipo kale za zowola kapena zophuka mokoma anafukula kuchokera Mpeni.

Pamaso kubzala ikuchitika ena ntchito kukonzekera. 2-3 masabata tubers kuloza ku malo otentha ndi kuyatsa bwino. Ndiye choviikidwa kwa mphindi 15 mu njira ofooka permanganate potassium ndiyeno zouma. Izi zingathandize kuteteza maluwa kuchokera lawola ndi kuukira tizirombo, nthawi zambiri amadwala Calla ku Aitiopiya.

Tubers obzalidwa shallowly - mpaka masentimita 10 - ndi pang'ono wothira. miphika The anayikidwa kumene kutentha ndipo palibe drafts.

kuthirira

Mu masabata oyambirira 2 madambo aakulu zomera sayenera. Anasamutsidwira kuthirira zambiri. Madzi, ntchito zofewa, kuteteza. Mu nthawi maluwa amafuna chinyezi zina, kotero masamba Zantedeschia ali sprayed ndi atomizer ndi, kusamba akusamba. Care ayenera kumwedwa ndi madzi wakhala mu mphasa lapansi.

Kwa mbadwa ya otentha Africa, chinyezi mu chipinda sayenera zosakwana 55%. Mu chikhalidwe ichi, osati maluwa lalikulu, koma greenery wokongola adzasangalala Calla ku Aitiopiya. kusamalira zomera amafuna mvula madzi okha pa chitukuko cha masamba ndi maluwa. Kuyambira nthawi pamene ili matalala nthawi, iwo kuchepetsa kenako amasiya kuvuta kwa miyezi 1.5-2, ndipo pang'onopang'ono kuyambiranso mwatsopano. gawo ili mu chitukuko cha mbewu kumatenga zambiri ku yophukira ndi February.

Kutentha ndi kuyatsa

Ndi zofunika kuti chipinda cha kukula calla kunali kuwala ndi airy. Direct dzuwa kudzivulaza zomera. Ndi bwino, ngati kuwala pang'ono anamwazikana. mphika A ndi duwa akhoza adzaikidwa kumpoto kapena kum'mawa zenera. Calla Aitiopiya woyera ndi kukula bwino kuwala yokumba, bola ngati anali bwino anasankha, mwinamwake mbewu mwina pachimake. Masana ayenera lolimba maola 10-12.

Zofunika ntchito za kutentha mu chipinda kumene ilo limakula Zantedeschia. Iwo akhoza zimasiyana malinga ndi gawo la chitukuko cha maluwa calla. Pa maluwa kukhalabe kutentha mkati 15-18⁰S. Iwo kuwonjezapo ndi madigiri 2 kuchepetsa ubwino wa maluwa. Nthawi zina kumafunika kuti ayeretse chipinda calla, mmene 8 mpaka 10⁰S kutentha.

pamwamba kuvala

Feteleza ayamba kupanga pamene masamba adzawonekera. Chili onse muzu ndi kudya foliar. feteleza ndi mankhwala ntchito avareji kawiri pa mwezi. Pa chiyambi, pa siteji ya chitukuko zomera, ndi makamaka asafe feteleza. Pa maluwa amafuna phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Mungagwiritse ntchito alipidwa zovuta feteleza zomera m'nyumba, munali zinthu izi. Iwo kwakukulukulu amadalira maluwa mosalekeza ndi wokongola kwambiri. Calla Aitiopiya maonekedwe awo chidzasonyeza kusowa kwa michere makamaka. Pamene asafe kuchepa masamba zimasuluka, kutaya luster ake. Potaziyamu akusowa chimaonetsera iwo adakweza zolinga zawo tapered.

Kuchita pepala chakudya mpaka n'kofunika kuti njira m'malovu musalekane pa woyera maluwa chophimba. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti imfa ya ulemerero wake. Nthawi kuchotsa pamwamba wosanjikiza a gawo lapansi, ndi zotheka kuchita popanda Thirani zomera. Pa nthawi imene limamasula calla Aitiopiya, kusamalira kunyumba ndipo walola oyamba a feteleza monga masamba tiyi, zipolopolo dzira, zipatso peel.

Kusamalira zomera mu nthawi ya mpumulo

Kumapeto kwa maluwa kukula calla mabasi, koma mizu kukula. Nthawiyi kumatenga zambiri kuchokera May kwa July. Mpaka kugwa kwa mbewu akhoza adzaikidwa pa khonde kapena loggia, zomwe umalowa mu kuboola mphepo ndi angathe kubisala kwa dzuwa. Palibe madzi kapena feteleza satero pa nthawi ino.

Calla maluwa angamasuliridwe mu khalidwe la mpumulo kwambiri, kwathunthu kuchotsa masamba ndi kuikidwa mu firiji, pantry kapena malo ena aliwonse kumene kutentha mkati 3-5⁰S.

kubalana

Izo zikhoza kukhala monga suckers ndi mbewu. Yoyamba njira zosavuta, kotero izo zinali florists wake nthawi zambiri ntchito. Ana amatchedwa tinatake tozungulira yaing'ono anapanga padziko pakati pa ambiri (Nthawi zina mpaka zidutswa 25). Iwo ayenera kuchotsedwa Mulimonsemo, kuti akuchedwa kukula kwa zomera. Tubers anasiyanitsidwa mosamala kuti kuwononga mizu zilipo kwa iwo, ndi anabzala mu chidebe okonzeka, wodzazidwa ndi gawo lapansi. Izi linakonzedwa ndi kusakaniza 2 mbali dziko kuwaika ndi chimodzi - a peat, ndi pepala mchenga. miphika, kenako anaika mu chipinda ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi 12-16⁰S osati poyerekeza 80%. Ayenera kukhala kuyatsa wabwino, T. Kwa. Apo ayi zomera asonkhanitsidwa, masamba kutaya mtundu wawo yowala ndi khalidwe la maluwa m'tsogolo angakhudzidwe.

Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha chodzala scions zinthu zikhoza kugawidwa mu theka kuti aliyense anali impso chimodzi. Place wovulala mankhwala ndi njira ofooka permanganate potassium kapena kuwaza ndi makala.

Zimafalitsidwa Calla Aitiopiya ndi ntchito mbewu. Zimenezi ntchito kwenikweni obereketsa, T. K. Iye amapulumutsa NYEMBA makhalidwe a mbewu. Pa dziko anatengedwa mbewu yokha atsopano. Iwo ankawaviika kwa maola 6 mu njira yapadera, zolimbikitsa chitukuko. Pambuyo pake, kufalitsa pa nsalu yonyowa pokonza, anaphimba pamwamba ndi mapeto ake ena, ndipo kwa masiku 7 anaiika malo otentha. Kamodzi nyemba zimere, iwo yofesa. Iwo Zidamera pa 20⁰S kutentha. A pamadzi malowedwe pa chidebe osiyana.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Kwenikweni matenda a mafangasi matenda ndi mavuto Aitiopiya calla. Kubzala ndi Care, imachitika popanda kutsatira malamulo a sayansi ulimi - chifukwa chachikulu asayembekezere. Waterlogging wa nthaka, ndi muyeso nayitrogeni feteleza kaŵirikaŵiri kumayambitsa kugonjetsedwa kwa mbewu bowa. Poyamba chizindikiro kuti mufunika kuleka madzi, m'malo nthaka ndi kuchitira fungicides maluwa.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti kupewa matenda, mwachitsanzo. Chotsani ena a iwo akhoza kukhala zovuta .. Kuteteza ndi tizirombo pa tubers, kuchotsa ziwalo za zomera ndi zizindikiro pang'ono matenda.

Tizilombo tizirombo kwa calla wamkulu ngozi akuimira aphid ndi kangaude mite. Kuthana nawo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti utsi mbewu kukonzekera mwapadera ( "Fitoverm", "Vertimek") ndi madzi sopo.

Ndi kuisamalira ngale weniweni wa nyumba akhoza kukhala calla ku Aitiopiya. Yerekezani mitundu izi chodabwitsa amatsimikizira kuti khama, tikhoza kukula kukongola izi mu nyumba yake.