Bosnia vuto la 1908-1909. ndi zotsatira zake zandale

Mu October 1908, Austria-Hungary linalanda Bosnia loyandikana ndi Herzegovina, nchifukwa chake Europe anali pa mphembenu pa nkhondo yaikulu. Kwa miyezi ingapo, pa World Old akhadikhira ndi bated mpweya kutonthozana. Onse ankatsata zoyesayesa za akazembe ndi andale kupewa ngozi. zochitika Iwo anatchedwa kuti mavuto Bosnia. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zazikulu analephera kugwirizana, ndi mkangano anali ankawachotsera. Komabe, nthawi wasonyezera kuti ndi Balkans ndi mfundo yofunika zachiwawa a ku Ulaya. Masiku ano, mavuto Bosnia kuoneka ngati Poyembekezera First World nkhondo.

prerequisites

Titamaliza wa Chirasha Turkey nkhondo 1877 - 1878 zaka. Berlin ndinkakhala nalo ndi msonkhano wa mayiko osiyanasiyana, omwe mwalamulo wotetezedwa ndi mayikidwe latsopano la asilikali ku Balkans. Malinga ndi nkhani 25 a panganolo, yolembedwa mu likulu la Germany, Bosnia, amene poyamba anali wa Ottoman, anagonjetsedwa ndi Austria-Hungary. Komabe, zimenezi anakayikira la abale ochokera ku Serbia. dziko lino wachita atamasuka ku ulamuliro Turkey, ndipo boma ake akhagopa ntchito ya Habsburg Ufumu kuyambitsa chakuti Austrians kenako kulanda Belgrade.

mantha amenewa anali m'dziko lake. Banja lolamulira la Habsburg kuti kwa nthawi yaitali amanga okhometsa chithunzi m'mayiko Asilavo (Asilavo nkhani 60% ya anthu Austria-Hungary). Chifukwa ichi chinali chakuti mafumu ku Vienna kuti analephera kugwirizanitsa maiko a pansi ndodo yake ya Germany (Prussia anachita) kenako anacheukira anthu a kum'mawa. Austria kale ankalamulira Bohemia, Slovenia, Croatia, Slovakia, Bukovina, wotchedwa Galicia, Kraków ndipo sanafune amakhalamo.

tizigona

Pambuyo 1878 Bosnia anakhalabe pansi yogwiritsa ntchito Austria, ngakhale udindo wake malamulo sichinayambe potsiriza zotsimikizika. nkhani kwa nthawi yaitali yachedwetsedwa. Naye waukulu Serbia ndale ndi mayiko Russia (komanso Asilavo ndi Orthodox dziko). Mu St. Petersburg, mwadongosolo kuteteza zofuna za Belgrade. Ufumu akhoza amaumiriza banja lolamulira la Habsburg, koma sanatero. Iwo anali wolumikizana ndi kusaina pangano chapatatu la Russia, Germany ndi Austria. Mayiko anapereka mzake chitsimikizo cha si aukali nkhani ya nkhondo.

dongosolo ndi asapita yosayenera a Alexander II ndi Alexander III, kotero mavuto Bosnia anali mwachidule kuiwalika. "Union wa mafumu atatu" potsiriza linagwa mu 1887 chifukwa cha mkangano Austria ndi Russia zokhudzana Bulgaria ndi Serbia. Pambuyo yopuma izi Vienna anasiya womangidwa ndi udindo kwa Romanovs anali. Pang'onopang'ono ku Austria anakula kunadetsa asilikali ndi expansionist amaganiza kwa Bosnia.

Zofuna za Serbia ndi Turkey

The Balkans nthawizonse zakhala mphika waukulu ndi anthu zokongola yosiyanasiyana. Nations zinaphatikizana ndi mzake, ndipo icho chinali zimavuta kudziwa kumene m'dziko la ulamuliro ambiri. Zinali choncho ndi Bosnia. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'ma XIX, 50% ya anthu amenewa anali Serbia. Iwo anali Orthodox, ndipo Bosniaks - Asilamu. Koma ngakhale zotsutsana awo mkati anafika poipa kwambiri pamaso pa chiwopsezo Austria.

mbali ina ya nkhondo panali Ottoman. Boma la Turkey lili kwa zaka anakhala mu ndale. Patsogolo ufumu m'gulu lonse la Balkans ndipo ngakhale Hungary, ndipo makamu ake kawiri kuzungulira Vienna. Koma pachiyambi cha m'ma XX ku ulemerero wakale ndi ukulu ngakhale chikhalire. The Ottoman msonkhano stub ka dziko Thrace ndi ku Ulaya atazungulira limati ankhanza Asilavo.

Atatsala pang'ono mavuto Bosnia zinachitika m'chilimwe cha 1908 Young Turk zisinthe kunabuka Turkey. Sultans mphamvu zochepa, ndipo boma latsopano kachiwiri mokweza kulengeza zonena zawo ku chigawo kale Balkan.

Zochita Austria zokambirana

Austrians potsiriza alumikiza Bosnia, kunali koyenera kuti apambane osati Turkey okha, komanso ambiri a ku Ulaya: Russia, France, Britain, Italy ndi Serbia. Habsburg boma, mwachizolowezi, anaganiza woyamba kugwirizana ndi mphamvu Old World. Nkhani ndi akazembe a mayiko izi zinachititsa Alois Von Aehrenthal, amene anali mtumiki yachilendo.

Woyamba kusweka ndi Italy. Iwo anakwanitsa kutsimikizira thandizo la Austria-Hungary chosinthana chakuti Vienna singamasokoneze mu nkhondo awo ndi Turkey kwa malo a Libya. Sultan pamapeto pake ndinavomera kuti cede Bosnia iye analonjeza kupatsidwa chipukuta misozi kukula kwa mapaundi okwana 2.5 miliyoni. Pachikhalidwe Austria amathandiza Germany. Wilhelm II panokha mbamuikha ndi Sultan, amene anali ndi chikoka chachikulu.

Nkhani Russia ndi Austria-Hungary

Bosnia vuto la 1908 akhoza zoopsa ngati Russia anatsutsa analanda dziko. Choncho, zokambirana Aehrenthal ndi Aleksandra Izvolskogo (komanso Nduna ya za okhonda) anali makamaka yaitali. Mu September, maphwando anafika pangano waukuluwo. Russia anavomera kuti analanda dziko la Bosnia, pamene Austria analonjeza ufuluwu ngalawa Russian asilikali momasuka kudutsa Black Sea m'mavuto olamulidwa ndi Turkey.

Ndipotu, izo zimatanthauza kusiyidwa mabacteria zakale Berlin mu 1878. Zinthu zovuta chifukwa chakuti Isvolsky negotiated popanda chilolezo cha pamwamba, ndi Aehrenthal ankaimba masewero awiri. The oimira anavomera kuti analanda dziko zidzachitike mtsogolo, pamene yabwino chinanena nthawi. Komabe, masiku angapo atachoka anayamba Izvolski Bosnia mavuto. nkhondo padziko lonse chikwiyire Austria, yomwe ndi October 5 analengeza analanda dziko la m'chigawo kutsutsana. Kenako Isvolsky anakana kulemekeza pangano.

The anachita analanda dziko la

Kukwiya ndi chigamulo cha boma Viennese anasonyeza Russia, Britain ndi France. m'mayikowa kale analenga Entente - mgwirizano ukuperekedwa Germany ndiponso kulimbikitsa angakuthandizeni ake okhulupirika, Austria. Mu Vienna anagwa zionetsero zolemba.

Koma Britain ndi France sanatenge zina zomveka zochitira zimenezi. Nkhani Bosnia ku London ndi Paris ankapatsidwa kwambiri akamaona kuposa vuto katundu Straits.

The yolimbikitsa ku Serbia ndi Montenegro

Ngati West analanda dziko "kuwameza" mu Serbia ku Vienna uthenga zinachititsa kuti zipolowe anthu. October 6 (tsiku pambuyo analanda dziko la), akuluakulu analengeza yolimbikitsa ya.

Yemweyo chidachitika mu Montenegro wapafupi. M'mayiko onse Asilavo ankaona kuti kufunika kupita kupulumutsa moyo mu Bosnia Serbia, inaopseza ulamuliro Austria.

chimake

October 8, boma la German analidziwitsa wa Vienna kuti likhoza zida ufumu nkhondo kudalira thandizo la mnansi wake wakumpoto. kuchita zimenezi kunali kofunika kwa militarists mu Habsburg mafumu. Mtsogoleri wa chipani "zigawenga" anali Mkulu wa Wogwila Conrad Von Hettsendorf. Kuphunzira za thandizo German, anatiuza kuti Mfumu Franz Joseph kulankhula ndi Serbia pamalo mphamvu. Choncho alanda kwambiri mtendere Bosnia vuto la 1908 ndi mphamvu kwambiri ndipo limati yaing'ono anayamba kukonzekera nkhondo.

asilikali Austria anayamba kukokera kuti malire a. Chifukwa okha pakalibe kuti kuukira anali kumvetsetsa akuluakulu kuti Russia kuti adzaima Serbia, Izi zidzapangitsa kuti mavuto zambiri zazikulu kuposa "kupambana ang'ono".

Bosnia vuto la 1908 - 1909 zaka. mwachidule anafotokoza m'nkhani ino. Zedi, iye anakhudza zinthu zambiri m'bwalolo ndale.

Zotsatira ndipo zotsatira

Boma la Russia ananenera kuti dziko si okonzekera nkhondo ziŵiri ndi Germany ndi Austria, ngati akadali mpaka mapeto kuthandiza Serbia. Mphunzitsi anali nduna yaikulu Pyotr Stolypin. Iye sanafune nkhondo, poopa kuti zidzapangitsa kuti zisinthe wina (ndipo izo zinachitika m'tsogolo). Komanso, patangopita zaka zochepa zapitazo dziko agonjetsedwa ndi Japanese, amene analankhula za pamavuto a asilikali.

Miyezi ingapo zokambirana akhalabe Limbo. Inasanduka zikuluzikulu njira ya Germany. Kazembe kwa Russia Friedrich Von Pourtalès anapereka St. Petersburg musankhepo: mwina Russia kuzindikira analanda dziko, kapena kuyamba nkhondo Serbia. Pali njira imodzi yokha kuletsa Bosnia vuto la 1908 - 1909, zotsatira za limene kwa nthawi yaitali anagwirizana ndi Balkans.

Russia mbamuikha pa Serbia, ndi yamasika anazindikira analanda dziko. Popanda kukhetsa magazi anathetsa Bosnia vuto la 1908 anakhudzidwa zotsatira zake zandale ina. Ngakhale zonse zinatha bwino, kusamvana pakati pa Serbia ndi Austrians chabe itakula. The Asilavo sanafune kukhala pansi pa ulamuliro wa banja lolamulira la Habsburg. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mu 1914, ku Sarajevo, ndi zigawenga Chisebiya Gavrilo Princip anawomberedwa kwa mfuti anapha wolowa ku Austria ufumu Franz Ferdinand. Zimene zinachitikazi mwambo kwa nkhondo yoyamba ya padziko II World.