Balaklava nkhondo 1854:. Mbiri, zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira

Kupereka chitsanzo cha nkhondo, motsata zonse kutenga pakati otchuka wa asilikali British kwa zaka za m'ma 19, zokwanira kuitana Balaklava nkhondo, umene unachitika mu 1854 pamene Crimea nkhondo. N'zosavuta kulingalira anyamata nthawi, kumvetsera modabwa nkhani zochititsa chidwi za ungwazi nkhondo. Ndi mtima likumira, iwo ndimalota za tsiku, monga anthu akuluakulu, adzatha kutenga malo ake ankhondo la Ufumu wake, ndi mutu zokhazokha kuwombera ulemerero.

nkhondo Nthano

Balaklava nkhondo muli zitsanzo zambiri za mtima amunamuna ndi zigonjetso wanzeru wotero, monga The Pamtendere Red Line, Sir Colin Campbell ndi wolimba mtima kuukira katundu brigade molamulidwa ndi mtsogoleri kwambiri asilikali James Scarlett. Koma izo zinali brigade kuwala asilikali, kuukira nthumanzi moyo imeneyi mu ndakatuloyi wake, amene anakhala mbali ya m'nthano asilikali a Britain, Alfred Tennyson. zolalika zawo, kusakanikirana epic kulimba mtima kuposa kale lonse, tsoka loopsa ndi sanathetsedwe chinsinsi cha amapha malamulo a Ambuye Raglan ndi kuukira.

Zimayambitsa Crimea Nkhondo

Zimayambitsa woona wa Crimea nkhondo, ndi mizu, koma makamaka zokhudzana ndi kukana boma la Britain cha kuwonjezedwa Russian. Russia nthaŵi yaitali maganizo a Balkans kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Tsar wake wofuna Nicholas ndinaona kugwa kwa Turkey Ufumu mwayi kwambiri amanena zonena zawo. The adani a Constantinople adzapereka Russia kulamulira khomo la Black Sea ndi Mediterranean. Kukhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri panyanja m'munsi mwa Sevastopol, Russia anaphunzira kwa bulu wake lotseguka mwayi kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean, ndipo pamodzi ndi mphamvu yosokoneza zamalonda kunja, makamaka English ndi French. N'zosadabwitsa kuti mu wosakhazikika m'mlengalenga yovuta m'ma 19 m'zaka za maiko awiri sanali kulola kuphwanya bwino pankhondoyo. Only amphamvu kunja kuthamanga ali kukakamizidwa Russia kusiya mapulani wapachiyambi kukhazikitsa ulamuliro pa Balkans.

atchedwe nkhondo

Tsar Nicholas sanali mmodzi wa anthu amene amataya. Mu 1852 iye sanatsutse ku France ufulu zikuluzikulu chipata chachikulu Kachisi cha Manda Opatulika ku Yerusalemu, amene anali pa nthawi imeneyo Turkey. Pamene yakumeneko Turkey anaganiza Mtsutso wawo mokomera Catholic France, mfumu analengeza nkhondo pa Turkey. Ndipo ngakhale likuganiziridwa zimenezi pofuna kuteteza chikhulupiriro Orthodox, zinali zoonekeratu kuti mafunso a chikhulupiriro anali sekondale ku Russian zokhumba malo. Nkhondo unasintha nkhanza ovulala zambiri pa mbali zonse. Komabe, izi sizinali nkhondo yomaliza pakati pa maiko awiri. Kwa chikondi konsati mu thandizo la ovulala ku nkhondo mu 1877 P. I. Chaykovsky analemba wotchuka wake "Asilavo March".

Kuukira kwa asilikali Russian

Britain, kumene, anakhumudwa. Koma, pozindikira kuti Russia - amphamvu ndi lalikulu mdani, kusonyeza kudziletsa, kuchepetsa panyanja ndikulondera Nyanja Black. Komabe, November 30, 1853 Russian anaukira zombo Turkey pa nangula pafupi Constantinople, ndi kuwonongeratu izo, kupha 4,000 Turkey. Pamene zombo British ndi French anabwera powonekera, iwo sakanachitira mwina koma mwa makhalidwe toera kupulumusa anapulumuka.

uthenga unachititsa chochititsa manyazi ndi chopusa ambiri mu Britain. Impassive kuti mfundo imeneyi atolankhani anayamba kukakamiza kanthu. nduna za boma mlandu m'makina servility, kufooka ndi kulephera kusankha zochita. Makamaka, atolankhani pilloried Nduna.

mabuku amenewa anali kuyankha chachikulu, maganizo onse wasintha kwambiri. Ife tinali kuchita chinachake kuthandiza osauka anazingidwa Turkey. Turkey lokha unkatchedwa "munthu wodwala Europe." Pewani yoweyula yaikulu maganizo a anthu akhala zosatheka, kenako February 28, 1854 boma la Britain inakhazikitsa musankhepo Russia - April 30, kutapa asilikali ake, mwinamwake iwo adzayesa nkhondo. mwayi umenewu kwa kuthetsa mwamtendere wakhala kwathunthu kungozinyalanyaza Tsar Nicholas. Motero, zimenezi zinachititsa kuti chiyambi cha wotchuka Crimea nkhondo ndi Nkhondo ya Balaklava mu 1854 mbe mu mbiri ya dziko.

France ndi UK Alliance

Atamaliza ndi France pangano ofunda pa chigwirizano, Britain anayamba kusonkhanitsa anyakhondo ace mbakunda Russia. Inde, m'ziwawa nkhondo ndi dziko zazikulu kwambiri ngati Russia, panalibe funso. Kuyambira pachiyambi penipeni pa nkhondo mu 1854 adawonekera monga yochepa nkhanza phunziro ndi cholinga kuika mu malo Russian upstarts. Britain ndi France wasankha zinthu ziŵiri - nyanja, Baltic, ndipo kumeneko, kumene kuopseza waukulu zofuna zawo - Russian m'munsi mwa Sevastopol, mu Crimea. ntchito imeneyi zinali zovuta. Zaka pafupifupi 40 Britain watumikira mtendere, popanda kulowa mikangano ikuluikulu. Izi mosakayikira anakhudzidwa ntchito yake, amene satsatira olimba mtima ophunzira mu msonkhano uno. Koma ku mawonedwe oyang'anira asilikali British ankafunika wamakono.

The ankafika wa makamu anagwirizana mu Crimea chilumba

Union asilikali uja lidzaponyedwe Crimea popanda thandizo lililonse zakuthupi: panalibe tenti kapena kuchipatala kumunda, kapena umoyo, choncho, ziyembekezo zonse anali atamangidwa pa kusintha makhalidwe ngakhale kuti maudani adzaimira kwezani kukhulupirika. Ogwirizana - 27 zikwi British, French 30 zikwi ndi zikwi 7 Turkey -... Anafika ku Yalta September 14, 1854. Kenako, anagwirizana asilikali anapanga ulendo amakakamizidwa cha kum'mwera kwa Sevastopol. Tsiku lotsatira panali yoyamba nkhondo - Crimea nkhondo. Nkhondo ya Balaklava adzakhala ina, koma tsopano anagwirizana ankhondo adapita amanyansidwa ndi chidaliro. Ngati mbali pomenyana ndi anadabwa ndi chakuti mu Yevpatoriya mdani analibe kukana yoyenera posachedwa anazindikira chifukwa chake.

Nkhondo ya Alma Mtsinje

M'mbali mwa nyanja kum'mwera kwa mtsinje wa Alma anali kudikira iwo, asilikali Russian. pamaso anali mantha. Kwa nthawi yoyamba magulu awiri ankhondo naye maso ndi maso. Pambuyo chabe theka la ora wotsimikizika adani akwaniritsa chigonjetso. Ikuchititsa Russian anakakamizika abwerere kwa Sevastopol.

Ngakhale vospryanuvshie mzimu England omasuka, anthu ochepa kwambiri ankadziwa kuti nthawi iyi pali chochitika, amene tidzayesedwa kukhala inasintha la msonkhano. Ambuye Lucan Raglan adayesetsa kumuuza Iye kulola asilikali ake kuchita kwawo Russian. Koma iye anakana Raglan. Ndi thandizo la French, anaganiza kuti aukire Sevastopol kuchokera kum'mwera. Kupita ku izi, anayamba yaitali motero yotopetsa nkhondo. Russian asilikali a Sevastopol pansi General Kornilov anapezerapo mwayi wa mphatso ya tsoka ndipo anayamba kulimbikitsa mzere yodzitetezera. Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika a Britain ndi France wakhala ntchito kupereka asilikali ake ndi chakudya, amene anakamba ndi nyanja. Chifukwa chaichi kunali koyenera kuti akagwire doko kwambiri madzi. Chisankho anagwa pa Balaklava. September 26 British analanda Bay izi.

Ngakhale izi, panali zosokoneza zonse mu yoperekera katundu. madzi zakhudzana. Kamwazi ndi kolera kunabuka. Posakhalitsa onse ndi euphoria chifukwa cha chigonjetso wa Alma. A kupanda chiyembekezo wokhawokha asilikali, makhalidwe anagwera. Koma kutsogolo wa makamu awiri anadikira chachikulu chochitika - nkhondo ya Balaklava - nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri ku Crimea nkhondo.

Balaklava nkhondo ya 1854.

October 25 Russian unkatchedwa amanyansidwa analanda Balaklava. Iwo anayamba wotchuka nkhondo ya Balaklava - Crimea chigonjetso Russia anayamba yomweyo. Kuyambira mphindi loyamba la nkhondo ukulu wa mphamvu wakhala mbali Russian. Anadziwika mu nkhondo ya Sir Colin Campbell, amene anamanga asilikali ake m'malo lalikulu mwachizolowezi mu mizere iwiri ndipo analamula kulimbana kwa otsiriza. Pomenyana hussars anadabwa kuona mdani pomanga zachilendo kwa iwo. Osadziwa zoyenera kuchita, iwo anasiya. ankhondo Scottish akhala kusiyana ndi kulimbamtima ponseponse. Choncho, gawo la asirikali mwachibadwa anathamangira kwa mdani. Koma Campbell ankadziwa kuti nditembenukire ku tsoka, ndipo analamula asilikali chiphwanye changu chake. Ndipo kokha pamene apakavalo Russian anali n'kotheka, analamula kutsegula moto.

The salvo choyamba cha mdani mtima, koma sanaime nkhondo. Chifukwa, wachiwiri ananyoza apakavalo zoumbika mosiyanasiyana anatembenuka lamanzere. A ananyoza lachitatu kuchokera pambali kumanzere anapanga hussars kuti abwerere. Izi m'mutu amunamuna anakhala magalimoto azilandira ndi linatchedwa Pamtendere Red Line. Balaklava nkhondo sinathe kumeneko. Kulimbikitsidwa kuona bwino 93rd Regiment, molamulidwa ndi asilikali Campbell pafupifupi amakakamizidwa Russian mthunzi. Balaklava nkhondo inatha mu kugonjetsa British.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa anagwirizana asilikali

Komabe, Russian ndi sanaganize kuti ndisiye. Mmodzi ndi theka maola atagonjetsedwa ku Nkhondo ya Balaclava, iwo regrouped ndipo analinso kukonzekera kukachita nkhondo. tsiku limene adayamba bwino kwa British zinathera ngozi. Russian pafupifupi inawonongedwa Kuwala Brigade, anagwira mfuti ndipo unachitikira mbali ya pamwamba. The British akhoza kusonyeza okha pa kulowezana kwa anataya mwayi ndi kusamvetsetsana. Balaklava nkhondo ya October 25, 1854 zinatha kugonjetsa chopanda malire a asilikali Russian.