American Mkango: chimphona kholo la amphaka zamakono

Kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka nthawi imene munthu anakhala mlenje ndipo muli ndi chida pamwamba pa unyolo chakudya cha dziko lathuli anali akuluakulu a banja mphaka. Kumene, iwo sanali mikango chi wathu, nyama, akambuku ndi akambuku, ndiponso makolo awo zinatha, monga saber-imodzi nyalugwe kapena American Mkango. Bwino ndi mbiri isanayambe pafupifupi zinatha American mkango, kapena monga asayansi icho, panthera Leo atrox.

mafotokozedwe kwachilengedwenso

mikango onse ndi nyama, anyalugwe ndi akambuku ali mamembala a pa mphaka banja (Felidae), a subfamily Pantherinae - akambuku, ndi mtundu panthera (Panther). Malinga ndi kafukufuku zamoyo wa mitundu chinachitika cha 900,000 amatenga zaka zapitazo, pamene Africa masiku ano lero. Kenako oimira mitundu njuchi mbali yaikulu ya Holarctic. Zotsalira oyambirira carnivores ku Ulaya anapezeka pafupi ndi mzinda ku Italy Isernia, ndi msinkhu wawo anatsimikiza zaka 700 000. Pa Africa Eurasian pafupifupi 300,000 zaka zapitazo, ukhale phanga mkango. Chifukwa cha Korinto polumikiza pamene America Europe ndi ku Asia, gawo la anthu a ogwirira izi phanga tinatsiriza Alaska ndi Chukotka ku North America, kumene chifukwa kudzipatula yaitali anapanga subspecies latsopano la mikango - American.

chibale

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, nthawi yaitali olowa ntchito ikuchitika ndi akatswiri ofufuza Russia, Britain, Australia ndi Germany, chinapezeka kuti zonse tili pa dziko pali mitundu itatu ya mikango. Lero, malo m'malo ang'onoang'ono amakhala mkango ano. Koma pamaso pake panali awiri mbiri isanayambe ndiponso mitundu zinatha lero. Choyamba, izi phanga mkango (panthera Leo spelaea), anakhala kumadzulo kwa Canada ndi m'gawo pafupifupi lonse la Europe ndi ku Asia pa Pleistocene. Komanso, panalinso mkango American (panthera Leo atrox), amene ankakhala tsopano ndi United States. Ndipo m'madera ena a ku South America. Iye umatchedwanso North America mkango kapena chimphona nyamazi Negele. Chifukwa cha maphunziro a nkhani majini nyama malasha ndi ogwirira amakono anali kupeza kuti zonse mitundu itatu ya mikango mu matupi athu awo ali pafupi kwambiri. Koma pano pali chinthu china chimene anapeza asayansi: a subspecies wa mkango American anali mu kudzipatula majini a zaka zoposa 340 000, ndipo pa nthawi imeneyo iye anali wosiyana kwambiri subspecies ena.

Kodi iwo anachokera kuti?

Poyamba, mikango, amene anachokera ku Africa njuchi m'dera la Europe ndi ku Asia ndipo kenako kuwoloka Beringia dziko mlatho chikugwirizana m'masiku amenewo ndi kontinenti Eurasian, North America, ndi chinayamba kontinenti latsopano. Asayansi amati pakutchulidwa mitundu awiri osiyana mu North America chifukwa osati oimira anthu awiriwa chifukwa cha glaciation. Malinga wina amanena osiyanasiyana: phanga ndi mikango American - ndi nthumwi ya mafunde awiri cha kusamuka kwa Europe ndi ku Asia, kutali Chrixitu mu nthawi.

Kodi iye kuyang'ana?

Monga ena ogwirira mbiri isanayambe, American Mkango mbisoweka 10 000 zaka zapitazo. Mu nthawi yake anali mmodzi wa yaikulu komanso yoopsa kwambiri ya nyama, kutalika angafikire mamita atatu ndipo kwambiri, ndi kulemera anafika akazi 300, ndipo amuna ndi kuti makilogalamu 400. Pakati pa asayansi pali palibe mgwirizano pa funso la manyenje ngati nyama zimenezi monga ana ake masiku, kapena ayi. Komabe, maonekedwe ake amafotokoza bwino ndithu: miyendo lamphamvu zolimba, akulu torso, chokhala ndi mutu waukulu, ndipo kumbuyo kunali mchira wautali. khungu ofufuza amati, anali olimba, koma mwina asintha olumikizana. Kwambiri morphologically ofanana ndi American Ligers mkango - mwana wa mkango ndi tigress. N'zovuta kulingalira pa mawu ankawoneka ngati American Mkango. Photo kukhazikitsanso chikuoneka zingatithandize kumvetsa mmene zikuwoneka ngati chi wake "wachibale".

Kumene ankakhala?

Chifukwa cha malo zofukula m'mabwinja a zotsalira za nyama zimenezi apezeka dera lalikulu Peru kuti Alaska. Zimenezi zinathandiza asayansi amati mkango American moyo osati North komanso m'madera ena a ku South America. A zambiri mtembo wa nyama anapezeka Suli kutali Los Angeles. Masiku anonso, ngakhale kupita patsogolo kwambiri za sayansi, asayansi sangathe kupereka zimayambitsa yeniyeni ndi yeniyeni ya kutha kwa mdani za 10 000 zaka zapitazo. Pali malingaliro za zikutha m'mayiko dziko forage ndi imfa ya nyama, kupereka chakudya American kwa mikango chifukwa cha kusintha glacial ndi nyengo. Palinso buku la nkhani za anthu akale kuti awonongedwe mdani woopsayu.

Chakudya ndi mpikisano

American Mkango mu nthawi yake akhoza kusaka kwa makolo a mbawala zamakono njati, komanso zinatha ng'ombe chitsamba, ngamila kumadzulo, ng'ombe zakutchire ndi akavalo (Equus). Pa nthawi yomweyo mu North America ankakhala ndi zina zolusa lalikulu, komanso zinatha.

Pofuna kuteteza nyamazo ndi malo kusaka mikango akhoza m'magulumagulu. Kuteteza chakudya ndi gawo kumenyana American Mkango saber-imodzi nyalugwe (Machairodontinae), m'khutu mimbulu wakale (Canis dirus) ndi lalifupi yachisoni chimbalangondo (Arctodus simus).