Mawu akuti "Drang nach Osten" amatanthauza "Drang nach Osten". "Drang nach Osten": mtengo, ntchito ndi mbiri akuti

"Drang nach Osten" - mawu amene anali kugwiritsidwa ntchito cha m'ma 19 kunena kuti German mfundo expansionist chifukwa cha kukula kwa "danga amoyo" nkhondo ndi mayiko ena, makamaka Asilavo. Mfundo imeneyi ankagwiritsa ntchito mu Germany ndi Kaiser ndi mabwalo mtundu kuthandiza mfundo yachilendo la dzikolo. Komanso akuti mbe mu mbiri yakale zoweta.

Mbiri ya yatsoka

Lingaliro la "Drang nach Osten" woyamba anaonekera mu mbiri German mpaka kumbuyo oyambirira Ages Middle m'zaka 8-13, pamene dziko la Germany anapezerapo amanyansidwa awo pa nthaka ya Baltic Asilavo. Iwo anafuna kuti apeze kufalikira kum'mwera kwa gombe Baltic, kumene kunali nkhondo mantha pakati pawo ndi Lithuanians, Latvians ndi Estonians, komanso Finno-Ugric anthu. Kumbali ongolankhula, lingaliro ili walandira kapangidwe komaliza m'ma 12, mu ulamuliro wa Frederick Barbarossa. Mfumu imeneyi analondola yogwira kum'mawa malamulo, kukonza maulendo North East. Mu ulamuliro wake, iye Chijeremani anthu ambiri, kuphatikizapo Asilavo ndi Balts. Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo yomweyi akuyendera zigawo chapakati ku Ulaya, makamaka malangizo Austria. Komabe, mbali iyi Germanizing ndondomeko analephera.

masiteji

Tanthauzo la "Drang nach Osten" ali mizu mbiriyakale kuti tibwerere ku nthawi ya kayendedwe ka anthu a kum'mawa kwa Ulaya. Azambiriyakale amangosankha kuonetsetsa ena kusamuka ndi mafunde zolawula. The woyamba anafotokoza kuti m'zaka za m'ma 9, pamene East-Wachifulanki ang'onoang'ono ambuye bungwe patsogolo mu Czech ndi minda Chikolowesha. Nthawi yotsatira - nthawi ya okhwima Middle Ages (10-11 m'ma TH), pamene olamulira a Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma anali patsogolo pa Baltic ndi malo Polish. Mbali yachitatu - kuukira nambala wa ambuye ang'onoang'ono ndi akalonga pa mafuko Asilavo. nthawi iyi, mwina linali ndi lapadera kwambiri mu mbiri ya adzagonjetsa dziko la Germany. Inali pa nthawi iyi Teutonic ndi Livonia Order ndi Order a Lupanga anafuna zokulitsa ulamuliro wake pa malo vostochnopribaltiyskuyu. Pa nthawi yomweyo anali yogwira osati German Ankhondo, komanso amalonda German, amene umenewu akwaniritsa wopambana, yopambana amalonda Russian mu Latvia.

Mochedwa Ages Middle ndipo masiku ano

Drang nach osten ntchito kupititsa patsogolo dziko la Germany mu mayiko East Asilavo m'zaka 16-18. Mu nthawi iyi anapanga boma latsopano mu Europe - ndi Habsburg mafumu, womwe unali ndi Czech, Achisaxon, Chihangare ndi mayiko ena. Komanso, Nyumba ya Ufumuyo Brandenburg yokha gawo la madera Polish pambuyo kugawa la Poland. Komabe Kukula ndi nthawi mochedwa chifukwa kukana mitundu Asilavo. Pakati pa nkhondo wotchuka - Battle wa Ice ndi Nkhondo ya Grunwald. Zimasonyeza chakuti Germany ntchito mawu kulungamitsa kufunika kugwirizana kwa limati German motsogozedwa ndi Prussia.

Mu theka lachiwiri la 19 m'ma Drang nach Osten - mtundu wa chiphunzitso maganizo, zimene zinaphatikizapo kulimbana ambiri umodzi wa boma pa kuukira m'mayiko Asilavo. Poyamba anali ndi funso la kukula kwa cuma ndi kulimbitsa chikoka German m'mayiko a ufumuwo. mfundo zoterezi zinali kugwirizana ndi mfundo yakuti ufumu loloseredwa zakulitsa dziko kumasulidwa kayendedwe, ndipo anachita panabuka mfundo Pan. mfundo imeneyi inatheka chifukwa akuluakulu ndipo mwachangu ntchito ndi Boma la Kaiser kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma kulungamitsa ukugwirizana kulimbana muzochitika za chikoka.

inafikira

Mawu akuti "Drang nach Osten" anali ntchito ya utolankhani pakati pa zana la 19. Mu dziko lathu, izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira 1865, chomwe chinali chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa mgwirizano pakati pa boma la Russia ndi Baltic Germany. Kenako lingaliro ili Anam'samutsira utolankhani ndi mabuku ena (mu Poland, Czech Republic, France). Pa nthawi yomweyo, mawu akuti lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi asayansi ndi mbiri yakale.

zaka nkhondo

Mawu "Drang nach Osten" muli ndi mtundu watsopano ndi ofunika kwambiri mogwirizana ndi mliri wa Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse. Panopa Komabe, iwo nthawi zambiri pokambirana za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti Hitler mu "MEIN Kampf," kukangana kufunika Germany kukuza malo moyo likuvutika m'mayiko Asilavo. Iye analemba zoti boma ali ndi ufulu kutenga dera lina chifukwa dziko anakumana kukula kwambiri anthu zofunika kudyetsa. Pa nthawi yomweyo anaitanitsa kusiya malamulo a kuwonjezera zikulumikizana malonda ndi kuganizira athana ndi ulamuliro German m'dzikoli. Choncho, olemba mbiri a, komanso angapo ofufuza ku Eastern Europe ntchito mawu amenewa amanena za ndondomeko anthu ankhanza a Nazi.

ntchito masiku ano

Mbiri ya Eastern Europe chapeza kudziwika German alimbane. East (Drang nach Osten mu Baibulo German) wakhala malangizo waukulu thambo limene anali limodzi ndi masuku pamutu onse zachuma ndi nkhondo zambiri. Koma masiku awa, akuti wataya tanthauzo lake, makamaka mogwirizana ndi zinthu kukula mu maiko Asilavo. Ndipo masiku ano asayansi andale amagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti osati kokha kwa anthu a Asilavo, komanso malangizo kum'mawa konse. Akatswiri ambiri anayambitsa mawu akuti "American Drang nach Osten", pamene izo zifika ku US mfundo yachilendo lero. Olemba kuona kudzipereka boma nawo zochitika mu Ukraine, Syria ndi mayiko ena. Mu nkhani imeneyi, akuti ali ndi tanthauzo latsopano ndipo si nthawi zonse asawadziwe monga patsogolo German m'mayiko Asilavo. Komabe, mawu yachiŵiriyi imagwira ntchito kwa sayansi ndale.

The sayansi ndi ndale

Mu historiography ndi sayansi mbiri adakali liwu ntchito mu lingaliro miyambo. Mavuto awa mapulaniwo chakuti kum'mawa malangizo wakhala mmodzi wa malangizo waukulu mu mfundo za limati European. Zimenezi ulipobe, ndipo ngakhale kofuna mtendere komanso kuyesetsa kuthetsa anasonkhanitsa zotsutsana njira za mgwirizano wa mayiko, vuto ndi lakuti pachimake kwambiri m'dera lino. Vuto Akummawa nthaŵi zonse makamaka zogwirizana, ndipo ndicho chifukwa masiku ano tikambirana mfundo kuphatikizapo dera limeneli. Current zinthu geopolitical ndi chotero kuti mawu akuti "Drang nach Osten" kachiwiri akuyamba ntchito mwakhama lotanthauzira ndale.