Ali malo a ku Central Black Lapansi?

Reserve chapakati Black Lapansi - imodzi yaikulu kwambiri mu gawo European la Russia. Malowa ali pamtunda m'dera Kursk. Chimakwirira dzina la pulofesa Vasiliya Alehina.

History malo

Reserve chapakati Black Lapansi lili madera onse amene mu 1 mochedwa - oyambirira 2 Zakachikwi anali wotanganidwa ndi steppes, zigwembe wokutidwa ndi nkhalango. Masiku amenewo, pa malo a Kursk dera ano zinkapezeka saiga, kulan ndi maulendo. Ankakhala ambirimbiri a makoswe osiyana. Mathithiŵa mbalame zikuluzikulu monga Bustard Little ndi Great Bustard.

anthu amene ankakhala mu malo awa, wapanikizidwa retinue onse a kalonga, ndi pa mbali ya wongosamukasamuka. Pofika m'zaka XVI ntchito yaikulu ya anthu a Kursk anali ulimi. Komanso, mzinda panthawi imeneyo inali pa malire a kum'mwera kwa boma la Russia. Choncho, nthawi ndinali kuteteza malire awa.

Kulimbana ndi matenda Crimea Chitata a m'deralo sanathe Choncho, kutumikira Kursk anagwirapo ntchito mwakhama Don ndi Cossacks, anali alonda kwenikweni pano. Anatumikira pano pa nthawi imeneyo ndi gunners ndi oponya mivi.

Potsilizira pake, ambiri a iwo anakakhala malo amenewa. Lapansi Kursk anaperekedwa kwa iwo udzu ndi odyetserako. Chifukwa cha ichi lidakalipobe untilled zosungika steppe, lomwe masiku ano amadziwika ku Central Black Nthaka malo m'malo Alekhine.

Mapangidwe chikhalidwe m'dera

Malowa ali pa chiyambi cha XX m'ma ankaphunzira pulofesa Alekhin, dzina lero malo chapakati Black Lapansi. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, mu zaka zitatu kapena zinai zotsiriza m'mayiko amenewa zomera anapanga mchikakamizo mwachindunji kwa ndikutchetcha zonse ndi odyetserako. Ndipo nthawi zambiri izi zikuchitika pa nthaka ya m'madera nkhalango.

The Musketeers la udzu steppe ndi interspersed bwino kasupe ndi autumn msipu. Nthawi zambiri anthu am'deralo ntchito wotopetsa pamene kuononga kutumphuka nthaka, kuwononga namsongole ndi kuteteza m'dziko chilala.

Ku msipu anali watanthauzo Akutsatira moto. Ndi mu njira iyi anapeza Kursk steppe Vasiliy Alehin, pamene ine kuno mu 1907. Panthawiyo iye anali akadali mu chaka chatha wa Moscow State University.

Kuphunzira m'dera chikhalidwe Alekhine

Alekhine anayamba mwakhama kufufuza malo amene anadzatchedwa ndi malo a ku Central Black Nthaka. Wasayansi anayamba kuthera iwo buku awo m'magazini otchuka. Choncho, nkhani yake yoyamba za malo awa anali kutchedwa "LEMBA LA zomera ndi kusintha ake pang'onopang'ono m'dera Streletskaya steppe pafupi Kursk." Mu 1910, anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane ndi Cossack steppe, anaphunzira iwo patapita chaka.

Mu 1925, Pulofesa Vladimir Khitrovo kudziwika florist ndi geobotanist, lofalitsidwa buku lakuti "Flora a m'chigawo Oryol." Mfundo yakuti kenako madera awa m'gulu ku Central Black Nthaka malo m'malo Alekhine. ntchito wake ankagwira ntchito ngati chida chabwino Alekhine mu maphunziro ake ena.

Mu Alekhine chomwecho mu 1925, kwa nthawi yoyamba anaukitsa kufunika yomweyo zoika loletsa kugwiritsa ntchito malo awa pofuna okhulupirika achilengedwe. Boma Soviet ndendende zaka 10 anaganiza kuti madera analenga chapakati Chernozem State Nature Biosphere Reserve.

Dera malo

Maonekedwe pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa malo anatenga presidium m'Komiti ya Executive Central. Chapakati Chernozem Biosphere Reserve anatenga gawo, wofanana mahekitala oposa 4.5 zikwi.

Poyamba, ntchito yosungira m'madera pristine steppe molumikizana ndi mitundu yonse ya nkhalango kuti ataliika patsogolo pa makonzedwe a m'dera limeneli. Cholinga cha - liwunikidwenso ya njira ya mapangidwe humus m'deralo, komanso ubale zovuta steppes ndi nkhalango. Komanso, akatswiri chidwi ndi chikoka nkhalango kulimbana maphunziro chilala, kumene bwino mu kumpoto ndi pakati Russia kulima.

Mu 1971 iye anakhazikitsa zone chitetezo cha m'dera limeneli. Ndipo mu 1988 izo ndikusinthidwa bwereza kwa makilomita atatu. Panopa, ku Central Black Lapansi boma malo chimakwirira kudera la mahekitala 28,5 zikwi.

Mtengo wa m'deralo chuma wachibadwa anayeza osati Russia. Chapakati Black Nthaka kusungitsa iwo. Alekhine ali satifiketi CE.

zikuchitika

malo uwu unali umodzi wa nkhokwe woyamba biosphere kuwonekera mu USSR. Kodi mukhoza kusunga ndi kuphunzira njira zachilengedwe njira zosiyanasiyana mu maofesi a dambo-steppe dziko namwali.

chidwi linaperekedwa kwa chikoka cha zochita za anthu pa kachitidwe. Reserve Administration lero osauka zinthu zimene zingatithandize kukhalabe ndi kubwezeretsa madera mbadwa achilengedwe.

Mmodzi wa anthu ofunika akuphunzira malo ichi - wakuda lapansi. Dziwani kuti m'nthawi yathu wakuda nthaka, amene sanabadwe zagonjetsedwa kwa wolima - ndi chodabwitsa yosowa kwambiri. Iwo amaona kuti ndi miyeso yolinganizira kuti akhoza kuphunzira kuwunika zimakhudza awo pa ulimi wamakono. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1975, ku Central Chernozem boma achilengedwe otetezedwa ndi zonse ntchito chiyesedwe cha umisiri wamakono kuwombera zinthu zachilengedwe ndi spacecraft.

Chuma wachibadwa wa malo a

Ngati nkhokwe zonse za Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi, ali ndi zinyama wolemera kwambiri. Chili kumpoto ndi dambo steppes, komanso mitengo.

Ofufuza anawerengera m'gawo lake oposa mazana khumi ndi awiri ndi mtima zomera, kuphatikizapo kawirikawiri ndipo ngakhale Red. Pafupifupi 86 mitundu ya zomera alonjezedwa kutha, choncho chitetezo awo ndi kofunika kwambiri ndi kwambiri.

Pafupifupi 25 mahekitala ali ndi relict zomera. Yofunika kwambiri mu gawo achilengedwe a Reserve umachita chitsamba chilichonse yobiriwira amenewa, Daphne monga nkhumba ndi. M'dziko lonse la zilumba angapezeke steppe zomera ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana moyo. Pali kokha bowa-macromycetes pali 200 mitundu. Iwo akhoza kumuona ndi apoyera.

dziko nyama

Olemera ndi zinyama a mumzindawo malo. Ndi kunyumba kwa mitunduyi ambiri m'madera a chisanu achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, pali pafupifupi 50 mitundu ya nyama.

35 nsomba, 10 - achule, ndi 5 - zokwawa. Pafupifupi 200 mitundu ya akangaude, ena amene amakhala m'madera steppe a m'dera limeneli, ndipo ena - pa m'mbali nkhalango. Pano mukhoza kukumana mitundu pafupifupi zikwi zinai za tizilombo.

A mbadwa ya Kursk Reserve - gwape. Ndi kunyada ndi kuyendera khadi ya m'dera Kursk. Roe nswala imapezeka m'madera ena a m'dera zachilengedwezi. Palinso moyo yofiirira pansi gologolo, kalulu, yoongoka, martens, nkhandwe. ungulates ambiri, makamaka nguluwe kuti zikukangalika zimafalitsidwa pansi pa chitetezero cha munthu ndi chifukwa chiletso pa kusaka mu malo a. Komabe, pamene iwo kusokoneza bwino zachilengedwe, chiwerengero chawo ali zonse munthu. Mofananamo, iwo anabwera ku mimbulu, amene m'nkhalango kutetezedwa otetezeka pogona.

Mbalame Kursk malo

Zoposa 220 mitundu ya mbalame moyo maekala amapanga Chikudishi Reserve. Ndi pafupifupi 80% ya mbalame zonse tikukhala mu dera Kursk. Awa, 90 mitundu chisa pano.

A ambiri partridges moyo ndi quails, amene chakakhira anthu ochokera m'madera ena, komwe anayamba mwachangu kukhala ulimi. Kuwuluka ambiri makilomita ndi kumeza swifts. Mu malo awa iwo kupeza malo ndi chakudya.

Mu June, pafupifupi khwerero liri mukhoza kumva trill wa Kursk nightingales wotchuka, amene ngakhale kudzipereka nyimbo, m'Chiarabu. M'chigawo ndi larks kuimba zouluka, Nthawi zambiri miimba, hawks ndi buzzards.

Apa moyo komanso yosowa mbalame yolusa - Honey khwangwala kwa dongosolo Falconiformes.

kafukufuku wa sayansi

malo limayenda ambiri asayansi amene zikugwira kafukufuku zosiyanasiyana. Nkhani yaikulu kwambiri za kafukufuku ndi ofanana ndi zimene ananena ndi kuphunzira zinangokhalako zokha. Izi zikuphatikizapo kuwunika nyengo, nthaka, dera, nyama ndi zomera, ufumu wonse nyama. Kulemba ndi kukhala kalendala ya chilengedwe.

M'zaka pambuyo Soviet Union anakomoka Kursk ofufuza ntchito chimodzimodzi waphindu kuposa mu Soviet Union. ntchito kafukufuku kuposa 30 yapangidwa. Apa nthawi zonse unachitikira mchitidwe ophunzira a ku Yunivesite, osati kuchokera Russia. Kubwera asayansi wina wa ku Austria, Sweden ndi Switzerland. Iwo ndi chidwi ndi vuto la wakuda lapansi mu kanjira pakati.

Buku Red

Mwina kupindula kwambiri ofufuza - magazini ya Red Book wa dera Kursk. Icho chinali chifukwa cha zaka zambiri za ntchito ndi makumi a Maulendo. Buku umalimbikitsa zosiyanasiyana amalandira kuti angapezeke pa malire a malo a.

Masiku ano, ntchito akupitiriza. Reserve Tsopano antchito ntchito pa magazini atsopano a Red Book, omwe akuphatikizapo zipangizo zatsopano ndi kafukufuku. Zonse lofalitsidwa sayansi ndi othandiza Buku la "Studies mu Red Data Bukhu la dera Kursk."

Lofalitsidwa monograph wapadera zoyenera mitundu osowa mbalame m'dera Kursk.

Eco-zokopa alendo

Mu Kursk Reserve amagwira osauka Eco-zokopa alendo. Chaka chilichonse kukaona pafupifupi 3 ndi theka alendo zikwi. Kwa iwo, pali zambiri zinthu zosangalatsa ndi wapadera.

Choyamba, ndi kowonera zakale za chilengedwe. Imafotokoza pafupifupi 250 zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho. Pali chipinda wamba, lomwe limanena za mbiri ya chilengedwe cha malo, anthu amene anaima pa gwero lake, komanso limafotokoza dziko lomwe wogawanika. M'chipinda chachiwiri mukhoza kupeza bwino peculiarities wa nyengo m'dera ndi dothi. Wachitatu wapereka kwa nyama ndi zomera. Chipinda chachinayi akudikira malo ndi opangidwa zokhudza sayansi ndi monographs.

Chachiwiri, inu mukhoza kupita pa njira zachilengedwe. Alendo akhoza kukaona "Streletskaya sitepe" kapena "munda Opatulika".

Chachitatu, palinso zokopa m'mbiri komanso chikhalidwe. Zikuphatikizapo mwala chosema XI atumwi, chimene chimatchedwa "mwala mkazi". Ndipo komabe zikwi ziboliboli, yatsoka amene olemba mbiri akale 17. Mafano awa anaikidwa pa mphambano kusonyeza malangizo a njira. "Stone akazi" ankatengedwa milungu, nampembedza ndi kupereka nsembe makolo athu.