Kuitana anthu okhala m'mizinda? Anthu a Kursk - kuryane kapena Kurchanov?

Mu Russia, ndi m'mayiko ena, ambiri mayina zachilendo malo: Alaverdi, Yoshkar-Ola, Goose-galasi ndi zina zotero. Funso koonekeratu kuitana anthu a midzi izi? Mwachitsanzo, anthu a Kursk - izo Kurchanov kapena kuryane? Nkhani yathu kudzakuthandizani kuthana ndi vutoli.

ndi maina malo ndi etnohoronimy chiyani?

Tisanayankhe funso waukulu wa nkhani ya momwe molondola anaitana anthu a Kursk ndiponso mizinda ina ayenera kupeza tanthauzo la ena mawu.

Choncho, pansi toponym kumabweretsa dzina lawolawo. Zingakhale mayina a mizinda ndi midzi, m'madera ena, landforms, mitsinje, nyanja, nyanja, misewu ndi zina zotero.

maina ndi malo omwe yogwirizana ndi mfundo zina - demonym (anachokera ku mawu a Chigiriki "ethnos" - anthu). Ili ndi dzina la anthu a dera kapena m'dera. Ndipo osati kusokonezedwa ndi maina etnohoronimy mitundu, anthu kapena mitundu. Izi ndi zosiyana kwathunthu lingaliro.

Tsopano inu mukhoza kupita ku funso lotsatira: kuitana anthu a Kursk, Arkhangelsk kapena mudzi wina aliyense? Ndipo salakwitsa?

Kuitana anthu a Kursk, Omsk, Arkhangelsk?

The suffixes ntchito kupanga etnohoronimov ndi:

• -ts-;
• -ch-;
• -an-, -yan-;
• -chan.

Mayina a anthu okhala m'matauni ndi m'midzi nthawi zonse zinalembedwa pamodzi, kaya choyambirira dzina la malo (mwachitsanzo: New York - New York).

Mwina chigoba Chirasha monga mmodzi wa chovuta kwambiri kuphunzira. Ena amanena kuti n'zosatheka kuphunzira - m'pofunika yekha kumva. Ngati tikambirana zosiyanasiyana options etnohoronimov, ndiye si zovuta kwambiri kukhulupirira.

Choncho, pali options wosavuta. Mwachitsanzo: Moscow - Moscow, Kiev - Kiev, Paris - Paris, etc. Komabe, ichi ndi chifukwa deta mu maina ambiri malo pa mlanduwu. Koma etnohoronimy mtundu wa mayina mzinda monga Alaverdi, Oslo kapena Karlovy Siyanitsani? Apa popanda thandizo la philologist kale sangachite.

-ts- suffix chinenero cha Chirasha ntchito kupanga etnohoronimov zimene zimachitika ku maina malo mpaka -ino, -eno, -ovo, -evo. Mwachitsanzo: mzinda wa Ivanovo - okhala Ivanovo; Domodedovo - okhala domodedovtsy etc. Suffix -ch- chikukhudza chachikale chinkawavuta, amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kokha ngati ndi mizinda yakale Russian (Moscow - Moscow, Tomsk -. Tomich neri Al).

Ngati maina a midzi kutha mu -rm, -tsk kapena -tsk, ndiye etnohoronimov maphunziro zambiri suffixes kutanthauza, Yang, -chan (mwachitsanzo, Irkutsk - Irkutsk nzika).

Koma si etnohoronimy onse anapanga malinga ndi mfundo imeneyi. Choncho, pali mayina midzi yambiri ku Russia, zomwe ndi zovuta kupeza olondola ndi yoyenera mawonekedwe a dzina la anthu ake. Mwa njira, ndi anthu a Kursk komanso a ichi kupatulapo mndandanda etnohoronimov.

Bwanji kuti amalakwitsa zinthu izi? Kuti tichite zimenezi, pali othandizira - otanthauzira wapadera, analemba ndi akatswiri a zinenero woyenera. Chotero, mmodzi wa awa inafalitsidwa mu 2003: "Russian mayina a anthu: Zakumapeto".

Anthu a Kursk: kuitana iwo?

Kursk - mzinda wakale, kamodzi gawo la Grand Duchy la Lithuania. Idamangidwa mu 1032 ndipo lero ndi yofunika mafakitale, mayendedwe, chikhalidwe ndi chipembedzo pakati pa gawo European la Russia. Mu mzinda wamakono wa anthu pafupifupi 430.000. Anthu a mumzinda wa Kursk kubala dziko pulasitiki ndi mankhwala labala, zamagetsi ndi chakudya. Pali mabungwe angapo kafukufuku ndi yunivesite.

anthu Kursk bwino ndi moyenera otchedwa kuryane (osati Kurchanov). Ndipo kuryanin - yokhazikika ya mwamuna ndi kuryanka - wamkazi.

Ena etnohoronimy zachilendo

Mu mizinda ina ya dziko za akazi, titero, ndipo sanena olandiridwa. Kuyambira maina awa malo sangathe kupanga etnohoronimy chachikazi! Awa "mzinda-sexist" monga: New York (USA), Daugavpils (Latvia), Copenhagen (Denmark), Pereslavl (Russia).

Pano pali mndandanda wa ena etnohoronimov zachilendo (Russian ndi achilendo):

• Oslo: oslovets, oslovka;
• Cannes: kannets, kannka;
• Chichewa: engelsity, engelsitki;
• Yaya: yaychanin, yaychanka;
• Arkhangelsk: arhangelogorodets, arhangelogorodka;
• Omsk: ohmic, omichka;
• Rzhev: rzhevityanin, rzhevityanka;
• Torzhok: Novotorov, novotorka.

Pomaliza

Tsopano inu mukudziwa kuitana anthu a Kursk. Iwo ayenera kukumbukira kuti malamulo ambiri mapangidwe mawu, etnohoronimov chinenero cha Chirasha kulibe. Pakuti aliyense njira (mzinda), ndi zofunika kugwiritsa ntchito yapadera dictionary.