Ndi pempho chinenero Russian chiyani? Mitundu ndi mitundu ya adiresi mu Chirasha

Chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri m'nkhani chikhalidwe chilichonse mtundu wa kulankhula zodyera. M'chilankhulo cha ziwembu ake mosamala, amasonyeza zinachitikira wachuma wa anthu, wapadera miyambo, miyambo, chilengedwe ndi moyo. Chikusonyeza maganizo zotengera malingaliridwe a chithunzi cha dziko, lolingana ndi chikumbumtima ndipo mtima wa mtumiki wake. Pamodzi ndi chinenero ichi ndi mbali yaikulu pa thandizo mwachindunji, kupanga adzadziwire ake. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka chakuti m'kati lophunzira chinenero munthu zimatenga ndi chikhalidwe dziko, amene anaika makhalidwe a khalidwe dziko, ndi mbali dziko.

khalidwe wapakamwa

Polimbana ndi lathu chikhalidwe, zokhuza chikhalidwe chawo cha omvera ndi okamba ndi zofunika makamaka. Pankhaniyi pali ena zinchito ubwenzi. Makhalidwe a wapakamwa gulu wapatsidwa udindo udindo. Pa chimodzimodzi njira zinenero ntchito kulankhulana, kapangidwe kamene kakuchitika. Chikhochi ndi chimodzi mwa zida zofunika zothandiza kulimbikitsa udindo chikhalidwe cha munthuyo. Mapangidwe kumvetsa chokwanira cha chinenero cha mgwirizano pakati pa abwenzi kulankhulana imagwiridwa ndi ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana kusonyeza za asapita chikhalidwe mkati umene ukuyenera kuti mukulitse kulankhulana. Pamodzi ndi chifaniziro mwachindunji, imene kwambiri ndi zimene zili pa kulankhulana chikhalidwe udindo wa gulu, palinso zina. Yotsirizira ndi njira mtundu chikhalidwe ndi yophiphiritsira ntchito kuonetsa udindo ndi maudindo udindo interlocutors. Chimodzi cha zida izi ndiyo kutikopa chinenero cha Chirasha. Kodi zimenezi zikutanthauza mwatsatanetsatane.

Chithandizo. mwachidule

ndi pempho chinenero Russian chiyani? Izi zingasonyeze maudindo osiyanasiyana, ndi udindo wofanana - afotokoze maganizo munthu interlocutor wina ndi mzake. Pankhaniyi, angagwiritsidwe ntchito yapadera mawu mankhwala. Chinenero cha Chirasha, komanso mu machitidwe ena mawu, kapangidwe amenewa zingasonyeze udindo munthu amene kukambirana ndi maphunziro. zinthu izi, makamaka monga "Bwana", "Wolemekezeka," "Ufumu Wanu" ndi ena. Pamodzi ndi mawonekedwe chithandizo chinenero cha Chirasha angagogomezere informality kapena M'malo mwake, maganizo boma. Mwachitsanzo: "anzanga", "abwenzi", "amayi ndi abambo", "wokondedwa," "wapatali" "wokondedwa," "mwana" ndi ena. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti ntchito zofanana ndi chibadidwe angapo nyumba ntchito ngati moni kapena farewells. Mwachitsanzo, "Moni", "Moni", "Firework", "chabwino" ndipo ena.

boma yapachiweniweni

Kupatula chakuti chithandizo chinenero cha Chirasha, ayenera kutchula munthu aliri m'dziko limene amasonyeza ndi zinthu zina. Pa nkhani imeneyi, takambirana ndi udindo yaboma, ziyenera enieni interlocutor lapansi. Mbali yoyamba chitsanzo, kapangidwe otsatirawa: "nzika Smith", "bwenzi Ivanov", "Ivan". Monga mumayesto zinthu zotsatirazi: "Inu ndinu bwino ntchito?", "Inu simuli chidwi chake zili choncho?" "Ngati inu savutika kuyamba ndi ili, chonde Koma ambiri, Ndikufuna ina ...".. Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi chinenero cha Chirasha, monga "woyang'anira wothandizira" (mmalo mwa "dziko"), "wantchito wa Service Medical" (angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa "mkangaziwisi"), zimathandiza kulimbitsa ndi chuma chawo ndi kudzidalira wa munthu.

"The onyenga dala"

Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya ntchito chinenero cha Chirasha. Ambiri, pa nkhani si ndi kapangidwe makamaka tanthauzo la zomwe mwachindunji umalimbana iye. Monga njira wapakamwa chikhalidwe ndi yophiphiritsa amachita ndi onyenga dala cha katchulidwe lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, nthawi zambiri mwana kumvetsa bwino makolo omaliza adzakhala atengere mawu ake pa nazale. Koma pa dzanja lina, pamene pali wofuna kupita ku interlocutor kapena gulu la anthu, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu, Komano, kutsindika kusiyana. Apa Mwachitsanzo, ku Canada French ngati bwino pamene malamulo awo anaperekedwa malankhulidwe awo mwa omvetsera English, ntchito yolimba French ka (ngakhale ntchito ali wangwiro English). Chinenero cha Chirasha, monga ulamuliro, kusiyana kumeneku kumaonekera kalembedwe wa kulankhula.

"High" ndi "wochepa" masitaelo

malo imeneyi imagwiranso kwa zipangizo zolankhulirana wapakamwa chikhalidwe ndi yophiphiritsa. Mu gulu ili pali subgroups angapo. "High" kalembedwe kumaphatikizapo anatsindika yomanga lolondola ndiponso moyenera ndi ntchito zina mawu ndi ma awo. Malankhulidwe amenewa amaona ngati zambiri ofunda, boma penapake ubwenzi. "Low" kalembedwe - ndi mawu chitachitika. Monga ulamuliro, chimakhala chogwidwa mawu slang, slang. Iwo amaona ngati katchulidwe mwamwayi.

"Nawonso" kalembedwe

Ntchito zimenezi kapena njira, wokamba angathandize kulenga chithunzi ena. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito machenjerero ena angacititse munthu kukhala wodzidalira pamaso pa anthu, kapena otchuka kwambiri. Koma zimachitika ndi mosemphanitsa. Zosayenera ntchito amafotokozera mawu akhoza kuchotsa munthu interlocutors, ndipo iye adzautaya malo ena. Aliyense amene akunena mawu otchuka, nthawi zambiri limagwiritsa ntchito kapangidwe mwatsatanetsatane: ". Ine ndikuganiza ife tikanakhoza kukhala chakudya usikuuno" "Tiyeni tikhale ndi chakudya lero" m'malo Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi chinenero cha Chirasha, mogwirizana m'nkhani yoyamba kumafuna kuti achitepo kanthu, amatumiza mnzake pantchito yake.

"Nevliyatelny" kalembedwe

Ofufuza apeza njira zosiyanasiyana za mauthenga amene alibe kukhudzanso interlocutor lapansi. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, monga:

1. Kufotokoza subjectivity evasive motsatana. Mwachitsanzo: "Ine ndikukhulupirira", "ndikuganiza", "ndikuganiza" ndi ena.
2. Zinenero "chibwibwi" - zinthu zimene kufotokoza ena chitira Yesaya. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka monga disconnecting interjections, monga "E", "chabwino", "um" ndi ena.
3. Ena mawu aulemu. Zikuphatikizapo: "Khalani wabwino," "Pepani," ndi zina zotero.
4. Mafunso Sipadzakhalanso: "Ndi wozizira kuno, sichoncho?" "Ife sitingakhoze kukathera, kodi mukuganiza".

"Inu" ndi "inu"

Kusintha makope kungabweretse yokha kukhala njira zomwe amafuna 'ndichepe "kapena" kuonjezera "udindo interlocutor. Akukhulupirira kuti zimenezi chinenero cha Chirasha, monga "inu", amagwirizana ndi ochezeka asapita mwamwayi. Ngakhale kuti "inu" amasonyeza mtunda wa malingaliro, mwambo mwambo.