Zojambulajambula Valentin Serov: yonena, moyo ndi ntchito

Mmodzi wa ambuye chachikulu cha chithunzi ndipo akupitiriza mwambo wa m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, kupenta anakhala Valentin Serov, amene yonena kumagwirizana ndi kanjedza wotchuka kwambiri Russian zojambulidwa bwino. No zazing'ono ndi malo ake, zojambula, mafanizo buku, nyama, mbiri yakale, ndiponso kupenta yakale yoyendera. "Self-Chithunzicho" Serov ndi mtundu wa chizindikiro cha kalembedwe ndi ziboliboli.

wolima

Man ndi chikhalidwe odzichepetsa ndi ofatsa, ngakhale impeccably kulemekezedwa mwa anzake, kowonekera kwambiri wakhala pa ntchito a m'nthawi yake, ndipo muli ndi nambala yaikulu otsatira limodzi ndi Levitan, Valentin Serov. mbiri Zake panobe munasintha si olemera. Komabe, ngati tikambirana ndondomeko yoyamba ya ntchito zake - "Mtsikana, akuunika dzuwa" kapena "Bakuman ndi mapichesi" - ndi wotsiriza - "The kugwirira ya Europa" ndi "Chithunzi cha Ida Rubinstein" - inu mukhoza kuwona momwe patapita zaka twente zosamvetsetseka, mmodzi wa mmisiri Ndinakulira zosiyana kotheratu.

Izi zimaonekeratu osati unsembe wa kulemba. Pamaso pa wowerenga monga ngakhale awiri a zojambulajambula, amene ngakhale ankakhala Nthawi osiyana. Izi zikusonyeza kuti pa nthawi, pamene wojambula Valentin Serov moyo yonena wake amalembedwa zilandiridwenso, osati mfundo tsiku ndi tsiku. Ndipo monga nthawi amagwa zochitika wolemera kwambiri moyo wake. fractures onse, ankasinthana onse zojambulajambula ngati okhala chakuti iye analemba Valentin Serov. Wambiri Archaeology inatha - anafa pa portraitist kwambiri, chizindikiro pa mbendera ya Wanderers Kuzindikira - kenako zimalongosola "Bakuman ndi mapichesi" (1887), ngati tinatengera kwa woyambitsa "losadziwika" ndi analandira. Ndipo komabe ambiri zizindikiro zomwezo, madeti ndi milatho inasamutsidwa kuchoka ku mwambo wina ndi mzake.

Kuzindikira - maganizo kapena zaluso?

Nthawi pachimake cha wamkulu chitukuko Peredvizhnichestvo malingaliro. Tinayesetsa Repin, Surikov, Polenov, Levitan. Ndipo ngati izi si ntchito chithunzicho monga Serov Valentin Aleksandrovich, amene yonena saganizira kuti "Wanderers maganizo" chikwiyire wovulala ndi kukhota lakuthwa zithunzi ndi luso ku yofotokoza zochitika zenizeni za moyo weniweni? Pambuyo amadza atitsogolere, ngakhale angathe kuchitapo mkulu luso, imene patsogolo si zimene kulemba ndi mmene. Valentin Serov mbiri, wojambula anasankhidwa kukhala kupanga zimakhala mlendo pakati aphunzitsi ndi abwenzi, palibe wina sakonda.

"Bakuman ndi mapichesi" - kasupe yokha, kuunika, achinyamata kwambiri - motsutsa likhale yapachiweniweni Wanderers chisoni anali ngati kuphulika ndi. Kunapezeka kuti mungasangalale monga moyo, kukhudzidwa mitundu yake ndi kuyamika chifukwa chakuti moyo imatumizidwa dziko. Zinali anapeza, amene, ndithudi, si onse anazindikira mokwanira. Beyond tiganizira za unzika, kaya mfundo za makhalidwe abwino aliyense anthu anali kale pang'ono mwa chizolowezi kuti kalikonse. Ndiyeno - chimwemwe. Basi monga choncho. itinerants anzake sanali kwambiri anakwiyitsa monga kukhumudwa. Koma nditamva masomphenya ake a moyo mfundo zojambulajambula Valentin Serov. Wambiri moyo wa stepson ake anachita Peredvizhnichestvo, koma iye anali, ndipo mpaka mapeto a moyo wa wophunzira wa wotchuka Repin, kungoyang'ana pa moyo kuchokera tsidya lina la izo, amene akuonetsera ife ntchito "Mtsikana, akuunika dzuwa."

"Ine ndikufuna zimasangalatsa": Serov ndi Vrubel

Iwo ankagwira ntchito pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi onse - magwero choyambirira cha Venetian Kubadwa Kwatsopano. "Mtsikana pa maziko a ku Perisiya makalapeti" zinalembedwa chaka pamaso pa "Bakuman ndi mapichesi". Mpweya wotentha, Ine ndiyenera kunena kusiyanitsa chirichonse, usiku, wachisoni, funereal mtundu, ndi muyeso wa mwanaalirenji, malo amodzi mu Oriental kukongola ndi cholinga bwino mwangwiro Plein kupenta mpweya, kuwala siliva, mudzakhalanso ndi chimwemwe mwa khalidwe la mtsikanayo, ndi burashi apaulendo. Serov ankafuna pano kusasamala amenewa, lightness. "Ine ndikufuna, ine ndikufuna zimasangalatsa!" - Serov analemba Venice kwa mkwatibwi wake.

Ndipo makumi awiri Serov Valentin Aleksandrovich, amene yonena wayamba chabe, zoperekedwa zithunzi izi mwiniwake wa chimwemwe yokha. Mphunzitsi anaphunzitsa Serov ku Paris, koma osati zinachitikira ambuye wakale, amene mkati mmenemo zakale aja sadzawerengedwa, palibe Repin nthawi zonse amakamba cabe za kuphunzira chikhalidwe. Koma akalambula zinali zofunika kwambiri Serov, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kugwirizanitsa ndi linasokonekera nthawi kugwirizana, kubwerera yemweyo - munayamba! - mtengo wa luso: ndi quality, ungwiro, kukongola, mogwirizana - onse tiganizira dongosolo apamwamba luso. Chithunzicho wa Chithunzi Levitan Mwachitsanzo, zinalembedwa kalembedwe okhwima zachikhalidwe.

ubwana

Aliyense mlengi amayenera kuleredwa miyambo ya kukongola, koma si aliyense mwayi kuti abadwe mu banja kulenga, ngati momwe zinalili ndi chotero wojambula wamkulu Serov Valentin Aleksandrovich. Wambiri ya wojambula anatembenuka bata, popanda bursts zapadera, ngakhale zinthu ubwana kuyambira anali osiyana. Iye analeredwa mu dera luso: bambo wake anali wotsutsa nyimbo ndi kupeka kudziwika zokwanira, ndi admirer wa Wagner, amene kutifotokozera kulimbikitsa. Mochedwa Chikondi - ndi makumi atatu chaka Alexander anakwatira seventini wazaka wophunzira Valentina Bergman - anadalitsidwa kubadwa kwa mwana wake mmodzi yekhayo. Valentina Semenovna anali kwenikweni ndikuvutika ndi maganizo a Chernyshevsky, mpaka nihilism, ndi maphunziro a mwana ndi akhudzidwa kwambiri.

M'nyumba ife nthawizonse alendo, abwenzi abwino a bambo wake: Turgenev Mwachitsanzo, Antokolsky, Ge, amene anali wokoma mtima kwambiri mnyamatayo, ndipo utoto mahatchi ake mu Album. Nthawi zambiri anasonkhana nihilists kupewedwa mikangano yawo kumvetsera makombo a ntchito za atate wina watsopano, koma zachabe ndi phokoso pamodzi ndi chikondi Tiyeni owonongedwa makolo chidwi mwanayo nthawi ndi iwo, kusinkhasinkha, penyani. Mu zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi anataya choyamba - anafa bambo wokondedwa. Valentina Semenovna anali otanganidwa kwambiri cikhalidwe, koma waponya mwamsanga anapeza weniweni lokonda mwana, ndipo izo sizinali nyimbo mwadzidzidzi. Wambiri Valentin Serov, wojambula mwa chisomo cha Mulungu, anayamba kuphunzira ndi mbuye.

Repin

Mayi anachotsa chaka asanu mwana wakale Paris, komwe anakhalako nthawi ya bwenzi lake labwino - Ilya Efimovich Repin, kale wotchuka kwambiri "Haulers Bwato pa Volga", nampatsa mnyamata pophunzitsa ndi ankachita nawo amchigulu. Pafupifupi yekha Serov Valentin Aleksandrovich. Mwachidule yonena ndipo nthawi anati kuti izo ziri pano, wokhala yekha, ndipo panali osati seclusion ndi mdima kuti yodziwika chithunzicho moyo wake wonse, komanso kukhumba wofunitsitsa kuwala kulumikizana, kukongola ndi chimwemwe. Zosangalatsa yekha mabwana tsogolo makalasi kokha - palokha ndipo ndi mphunzitsi.

Komanso, kuyambira 1875, kale mu Russia, kumene iye anabwerera ndi Repin anakhala woyendayenda pa chifuniro Serov Valentin Aleksandrovich mayi. Mwachidule yonena za nthawi akhoza m'mawu awiri - ndi moyo wosamukasamuka. zaka pokhapokha atatu a makalasi ndi Repin anapitiriza. Master anatenga Serov pafupifupi banja: ankakhala m'nyumba imodzi, anapita limodzi panja, ena mphunzitsi mnyamata anakopera nsalu zokha ayi ndi utoto, anasolola, utoto - ndi chirengedwe, ndi gypsum, komabe lifes, mitunda ndi zithunzi, kuphatikizapo mphunzitsi wokondedwa. Zithunzi Repin ku Serov kwambiri, ndicho - mmodzi wa anthu otchuka kwambiri.

Academy of Tirhana

Mu 1880 Serov mosavuta analembetsa sukulu, ndipo patatha zaka zisanu, mosavuta ndi kumanzere, polawirana odwala ndi sadzabweranso. Iye anaphunzira ku Chistyakov, amene kale anamasulidwa a nyenyezi lonse aluso awa: Vrubel, Repin, Polenov, Surikov mphunzitsi ... zinali zokhwima kwabasi. Serov ndinaganiza maganizo ake ngakhale zambiri odalirika maganizo Repin. Mwina chifukwa Paulo Petrovich anali woyamba amene anatchula chuma cha ambuye wakale. Kuyambira lero Chistyakov Serovskaya woganiza kalata. Wambiri Valentin Serov, chithunzicho ndi mokwanira kwambiri, iye analankhula za mumzindawo ndipo wochedwa ntchito, zomwe zinadabwitsa anzake onse. Koma mwinamwake ntchito Serov sakanakhoza, ndipo sanafune. Komabe, Chistyakov wophunzira khalidwe ndipo anasangalala kwambiri.

Chifukwa cha mayi wa ntchito, Valentin Serov bwino analandira ku nyumba ya ogula wotchuka Mamontov. Anaitanidwa ku Abramtsevo kumene mwambo anali zisudzo, ndipo pafupifupi mapeto a moyo wa bwalo izi za anzake Valentine mosiyana Antosha, ndi sanaitana, kotero iye anakwanitsa udindo wake. Serov yapadera zisudzo awa kunyumba, ndi bwino mphatso comedian pantomimista, anapanga omvera kubangula ndi kuseka, ndipo iye anakhalabe wosasinthika. Komanso anapereka Savva Mamontov malangizo kwa zithunzi za chithunzicho kuyendera anthu otchuka, ndi mchitidwewu, ndi moyo popanda njala ndi kulandidwa. Mmodzi wa zithunzi izi ankazionetsa pa chionetsero cha Moscow ojambula zithunzi, bungwe ndi woyang'anira sanali anangowona, komanso wovomerezeka ndi akatswiri.

Kuzindikila

Woyamba awiri ndi enieni (ndi kukhala wotchuka) M'zithunzi chochitidwa ndi ngwazi wathu chotchuka ayi wokha, komanso patsogolo ena onse amisiri achinyamata a nthawi. Vrubel anali mu Kiev, anadziwa iye yekha bwalo yopapatiza wa ogula ndi amisiri, ndi Mamontov anam'bweretsera ndendende Valentin Serov. Wambiri, moyo, ndi ngakhale bwenzi zomwe sizikugwirizana chifukwa cha ntchito yotopetsa, wodzazidwa zilandiridwenso yekha. Ndipo mu zinthu izi, Vrubel sanali yomweyo bwino kwa ena, mosiyana Serov.

Mammoth poyera ananyoza iye, paphwando. Sitikudziwa ndithu kumvetsa ndiye, ndipo Konstantin Korovin, amene Sava wotchi akhoza njala kutsogolo, kuyembekezera chikuonetseratu, ndi zojambula anagula osati kwa nyimbo, komanso kupezerera. Vrubel analamula mapanelo zikwi zitatu, ndipo pamene anali wokonzeka (ndi wokonzeka Vrubel, kutanthauza kuti luso kwambiri), anapereka rubles khumi ndi nthabwala zolawula. kuvutika kwambiri kwa ogula kwenikweni ojambula zithunzi osauka.

Serov anaonekera pakati pa iwo amakonda wa milungu. Palidi zinayenda bwino - ngakhale mu zinthu zina, amene ali osowa. Only munthu wosangalala amamva kwambiri dziko lamkati la mwanayo. Ana Yuri ndi Sasha Serov mofunitsitsa anafunsa bambo wake, ndipo ngakhale kufanana awo kwa wina ndi mzake chithunzicho anatha akadali kupatsira kusiyana - kugwedeza, manja. Apa iwo mwakachetechete akuganizira chinachake mu dziko la kukhumbira wake halcyon mwana. Ndipo mwachifundo kuyang'ana pa zithunzi izi - moyo akusangalala. Choncho, n'zosadabwitsa kuti Serov ozungulira ankakonda.

brushwork

Choncho, patsogolo anatembenuka wojambula Valentin Serov. Wambiri moyo akanatha anatembenuka duwa ndi kowala. Iye ankafuna kuyamba ndi chikupitirira chimodzimodzi: yofanana dzuwa. kupanda mantha chomwecho. Koma mu mtundu wanyimbo - Plein Air - Serov ali zonse anasonyeza kuti ankafuna. Iye Adadzadzidwa pang'onopang'ono kusokoneza zojambula zawo popanda kubwereza mu chirichonse, ndipo ngati nthawi anabwerera plenerizm, ndi bwino kuti tisaiwale momwe angachitire izo. Ngakhale, ine ndiyenera kuti ngakhale izi woyamba zithunzi ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri ndi aliyense m'njira zina kulemba.

"Bakuman ndi mapichesi" - wangwiro impressionism, achinyamata chitsanzo yokha, kusamuka, ngakhale mofulumira kupenta. "Mtsikana, akuunika dzuwa" - chitsanzo Maria Simonovic - mayendedwe zosiyanasiyana m'moyo, pulasitiki osiyana. M'badwo chitsanzo mtima wina - ankalemekeza. Ndipo Serov limafotokoza zosiyana: penti wakuda, wandiweyani, mwapang'ono, mtundu Madontho Mose, amatikumbutsa ndi Vrubel, Serov, amene kalembedwe anali ndiye adatengedwa. Baibulo limafotokoza kuti boma yaitali chikhalidwe ndi munthu - bwino pambuyo impressionism. Spring ndi chilimwe. Morning wamkazi ndi mtsikana masana.

Olga Fedorovna

Pambuyo izi kufananitsa wokongola analenga ntchito angapo - ofanana, koma ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana zaluso excellently anaphedwa. A chithunzi cha mkazi wake, Olga Feodorovna, mwachitsanzo. Mwangwiro mavuto chithunzi anali anathana mwaukadaulo ndi luso: kwambiri Plein mpweya kupenta, chitsanzo AKUKHALA mwakachetechete Grove chakumbuyo bulauzi woyera ndi mfundo NKHANI chosokonezedwa ndi chipewa, khalidwe manyazi kuwerama ... Olga Feodorovna anali osalimba kwambiri kumukumbatira ngati kunawala kuchokera mkati, wamanyazi pang'ono, koma nthawi zonse amayesetsa kuyang'ana masoka - izi zonse pamodzi ndi mokoma khalidwe ndi khalidwe lonse la chitsanzo kwa omvetsera kunapezeka kuti, pa Mwachidule.

Wina wa ntchito zambiri zabwino kwambiri nthawi imeneyi chithunzicho angathe otchulidwa zithunzi ziwiri Sofi Dragomirovoy monga umboni kukula inexorable ndi katswiri wa Serov, ndi ulemerero Serov. Ambiri (chitsanzo bambo) m'nyumba anapachika zithunzi ziwiri za mwana wake, kulemba pa nthawi yomweyo - Repin, Serov. Choyamba, alendo onse anali ndi chidwi chithunzi cha Repin ndipo sankakhoza ngakhale kufunsa amene ali woyambitsa chithunzi china, Patapita zaka zingapo ife anafunsa za chithunzi cha Serov, ndi Repin a chikondwerero atapachikidwa pafupi osayanjanitsika: "A-aha, Repin ..." Ndicho chimene chinali Valentin Serov. Mwachidule yonena chimagwirizanitsa ntchito yaikulu, umene zaka zambiri adzasangalala ndi kutsogolera anthu kwa kuwunika, kuti "Izo kokondweretsa" kuti cholinga cha moyo wonse wa chithunzicho.