Adobe njerwa: zotsimikizira njira, makamaka yomanga

M'mbiri ya kumapeto kumanga ntchito zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe. Kwa nthawi yaitali wotchuka kwambiri nthawi zambiri dongo, umene anagula ntchito kwambiri polenga mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya nyumba. Adobe kapena matope, nyumba lero ndi kukhala wotchuka osati chifukwa cha chikondi cha Kale, komanso chifukwa cha zifukwa zimene - nyumba ya zidina mu vuto adafulumiza zachuma ndi chilengedwe komanso zotheka zimasonyeza kugwirizana kwake.

Zofunika popanda nthawi

Saman, pokhala kalambulabwalo wa dongo amatanthauza zipangizo za mtundu wa gulu, tichipeza madzi, udzu, mchenga, dongo ndi dothi.

Yopangidwa kuchokera yaiwisi njerwa dongo ndi Kuwonjezera udzu akanadulidwa ntchito kwa zaka zambiri. Anamanga kuyambira ndi nyumba wamba ndi nyumba otchuka, kutsimikizira ntchito zidina pomanga mapiramidi ku Peru ndi Egypt, chilengedwe cha Wamkulu Wall la China. Outbuildings ndi nyumba ya nkhaniyi zimapezeka Moldova, Turkey, Iran ndi maiko ena ndi nyengo yotentha, komanso mu Kuban ndi Stavropol.

Si kale zidina chuma kumanga unakhala wotchuka mapulani kutchula maganizo a nyumba experimental ndi lingaliro la mgwirizano wa chitukuko ndi chikhalidwe, ndipo anthu wamba Eco zawo bwinobwino inaimika. zotsatira zake zimakhala zosiyanasiyana makamaka okha kamangidwe, kuyambira luso sichinasinthe kwa zaka zikwi zingapo.

Ntchito yomanga midadada ya

Kupanga zidina ikuchitika lero, ngati zaka zambiri zapitazo, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito dongo, mchenga, madzi ndi organic fillers (moto fulakesi, kudula udzu). Pankhaniyi, kuchuluka avareji dothi osakaniza ndi pa 4 ndi 20% (ndi kuchepa mu dongo yafupika shrinkage a mpanda). Mu chimake, chipika yomanga mchenga, dongo ndi udzu pakumva ngakhale kugwirizana kenako akamaumba midadada akuyamba pa matabwa nkhungu. padziko mkati ayenera planed ndi kusangalala ena "Nkhalango" wosalira kuchotsa njerwa.

Popeza mankhwala si pansi Kukuwotcha, ndi zouma mu dzuwa (mkati 7-11 masiku, malingana ndi nyengo zinthu), awo akamaumba kumayambira kasupe chirimwe kwa zinafunika zochuluka wakhala nthawi youma. njerwa wokonzeka Musataye mphamvu pamene kuchikhomera mosavuta akanadulidwa komanso lakuthwa nkhwangwa wodula.

Akuponya zinthu pawiri

njira A kuponyera yomanga amakhala ndi dzanja wamba mopepuka anamugwira misa yokha pa maziko ndi fosholo kapena foloko. The watsopano wosanjikiza zotsala kwa youma angapo masiku, ndiye anapanga lotsatira. makomawo anavula monga kuyanika ndipo limagwirizana pa mbali. Mbali khalidwe ndi zigawo zonse ikuchitikira pamodzi, superimposed pa wina ndi mzake kuwonjezera gluing, komanso plexus udzu ulusi. Chifukwa chaichi, ndege aliyense wosanjikiza achita anapitiriza m'goli, ndi yotundumukira kunja kwa mpanda ulusi ndi mabowo.

yomanga Features

Mwina ntchito mapanelo zitsulo ndi formwork pa ntchito yomanga. Pankhaniyi, njerwa zidina amaperekedwa mu bokosi-timbering, ataima mu kapangidwe malo, pang'ono wothira madzi ndi losindikizidwa mu zigawo ang'onoang'ono pogwiritsa ntchito tampers matabwa. Clay ndi mu formwork padziko 3-4 masiku nyengo mitambo kapena masiku 2 - mu dzuwa. Pambuyo anawamvera pamwamba pa gawo lotsatira wapangidwa ndi mpanda. Njira iliyonse ya kupanga zenera ndi khomo mipata pamwamba pa zomwe yakwera zitsulo kapena mlatho matabwa pa ntchito yomanga.

Nyumbayo angakhale msinkhu uliwonse pakhoma. Pali zitsanzo za nyumba ya mbewu zingapo, zimene samangokhala nacho chikhalidwe kwambiri koma ntchito. Kapangidwe amenewa, mosiyana chimake zemlebitnyh, mpanda wa imene ikuchitikira pamodzi ndi yokoka, zochokera atatu dongosolo ooneka enieni ulusi zapiringizana udzu, mphamvu okwana anapereka chiwerengero chachikulu cha munthu zimayambira. Pankhaniyi, ambiri a nyumba za zidina alibe kuposa wina atatu mbewu. nyumba iyi, komanso nyumba ina, amafuna maziko olimba ndi denga olimba atiteteze kwa mavuto aakulu madzi. makoma Traditional ndi amateteza ku chivundikiro mvula mu mawonekedwe a laimu matope kapena pulasitala.

ulemu

Ntchito yomanga zidina ndi otetezeka kwambiri njira zonse ntchito zipangizo achilengedwe. Chopangidwa kuchokera zongowonjezwdwa chuma ndipo si poizoni kuti anthu, amene makamaka chofunika kwambiri panopa zinthu amphamvu chilengedwe kuipitsidwa ndi gwero wakuta.

Chifukwa luso pulasitiki angalenge mamangidwe a mitundu organic ndi mapangidwe niches, zitsime zosambiramo, kuphatikizaponso yokhota kumapeto makoma - kotero anaumanga ntchito ndi kunyumba ndi zosemasema.

Adobe njerwa losiyana mtengo kochepa poyerekezera ndi zipangizo zina. Kumangira nyumba Sikuti ntchito mtengo apadera zipangizo ntchito, motero, ndi mowa mkulu mphamvu palibe.

kukana madzi ndi matenthedwe makhalidwe kutchinjiriza

Zofunika akhoza kulekerera nthawi yaitali mvula ndi kosamugonjera weathering. Mwachitsanzo, mu UK, amene amakhala ndi mkulu mvula, pali zambiri omasuka zidina nyumba, zaka ambiri a iwo kuposa zaka 500. Ndipo mu naini storey nyumba akale anamanga ndi ntchito tsankho la zidina, amene angapezeke mu Yemen, anthu akhala wamoyo kwa pafupifupi zaka 900. Kamangidwe wapadera ndi zinthu kapangidwe angathe kupereka zokwanira zivomerezi kukana.

Saman amakhala ndi katundu mkulu matenthedwe kutchinjiriza poyerekeza ndi njerwa, miyala kapena konkire, kotero kuti nyumba zimenezi safuna kochulukira Kutentha mu chisanu ndi ozizira mu pulogalamu chilimwe. Izi fireproof zomangila, ponena kuti mapangidwe chimneys ndi ng'anjo, amene chifukwa ndi bwino yoti nyumba m'madera chiopsezo moto.

Adobe nyumba, ndithudi, yapadera, monga chakuti ntchito yawo ndi khalidwe la mtengo chuma aliyense, sanyalanyaza tsogolo chilengedwe Earth.

zolakwa

Pakuti zidina chovuta vuto ndi kuzizira - chifukwa chachikulu cha chiwonongeko cha nyumba ndi akulimbana lapansi. Koma ntchito m'madera ozizira n'zotheka pansi luso lapadera ndi kunja khoma kutchinjiriza.

Adobe njerwa alibe bwino makhalidwe zokongoletsera, ndi zosiyanasiyana zolowa gidrostoykostyu. Chotero nyumba popanda mankhwalawa kuyamwa chinyontho m'madera achinyezi anayamba deform ndipo anayamba kugwa. Pofuna kupewa kusintha kumeneku kwa mpanda kunja ndi yomalizidwa calcined ochiritsira njerwa, ndipo mkati zimatetezedwa ndi mnthuzi chotchinga. Nyumba ya midadada amamwa Pankhaniyi adzakhala yaitali.

zinthu zofunika kwambiri

Midadada omanga nyumba anayikidwa pa mchenga ndi dongo mu kufanana njira ankalemba okha kupanga midadada, popanda udzu. Pakuti mndandanda woyamba olekanitsa zofunika kuchokera ku maziko mwa kumatira. Mauna zolimba adzalimbikitsa zimfundo makoma, ndi ngodya. Point katundu kuwononga zinthu, kotero anapanga slab ndi mitanda ndi kugawa wofanana katundu pa khoma. A nyumba ndi malinga ndi malamulo chifuniro chonde awo eni ambiri zaka.

kapangidwe

Adobe njerwa, monga momwe tafotokozera pamwambapa, limapangidwa zotsatirazi zigawo: madzi, udzu, mchenga ndi dongo. Pomanga ndi kufanana Kudziwika zigawo zikuluzikulu zonse mwa mayesero ndi kwakukulukulu kudalira pa makhalidwe khalidwe la dongo. Iwo sapezeka mtundu oyera chilengedwe, ndipo nthawi zonse ali ndi kuchuluka kwa zinyalala, makamaka mchenga. Unyinji okwana Kuwonjezera mchenga mtsinje sieved anatsimikiza ndi mlingo wa dongo mafuta.

Angapezeke mu malo amenewo kumene ncho omanga ndi mbaula opanga. Mwina ntchito dothi zakale ku ngalande maziko, ngati malo amakhala ndi mtundu dongo nthaka. dongo chimene midadada idzakonzedwa kumangira nyumba, pasakhale miyala, zinyalala ndi zosafunika. Pamene kukolola lalikulu zedi la zinthu zikhoza kuikidwa pansi pa filimu ndi kusiya kwa kukhwima misa ichi - khalidwe zikomo yake ili adzauka yekha.

Ntchito kupanga mchenga coarse, ndi momwe akadakwanitsira tirigu kukula ndi osachepera 1 mm. Adobe midadada sangathe anapangidwa kuchokera ku fumbi la options. Sand kuchotsedwa mizu, zinyalala ndi zinthu zakunja, ndi ndiye zouma ndi sieved.

Kupsa mtundu uliwonse wa udzu: balere, rye kapena tirigu, chinthu chachikulu kuti kwathunthu zouma ndipo analibe kufufuza kuwononga. Mwatsopano udzu bwino yosayenera.

Madzi ndi gawo lotsiriza la Kusakaniza, koma osati chosafunikira. Pa njerwa mphamvu amakhudza ungwiro wake chifukwa madzi okhala ndi mchere asidi, kumathandiza kuti kudzitsitsa mofulumira. Njira ndi madzi pa chitsime naamwa kapena osati zitsime zokumba zogwiritsa, popanda kukhalapo mankhwala.

Kodi kupanga Samana ndi chiwerengero ena

Kuti mudziwe chiwerengero cha zigawo zikuluzikulu, muyenera kuchita mbali imodzi ya mchenga ndi dongo, kuwonjezera madzi, kusakaniza ndi knead njira, chokhala ouma mtanda kugwirizana. Ndiye masikono mpira mwa njira, wofanana ndi awiri a munthu tennis mpira ndi kumanzere mu dzuwa kwa ola limodzi. Ndiye izo ziyenera kusiya kwa kutalika za wina ndi mamita theka pa lathyathyathya pamwamba. Yabwino chiŵerengero cha mchenga ndi dongo chifuniro kupitiriza ozungulira mawonekedwe. Ngati silimba, ndiye zimafuna kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mchenga ngati mpira adzakhala lathyathyathya popanda mapangidwe ming'alu, m'pofunika Choncho kuonjezera mbali.

kupanga

Anapanga zidina njerwa mu pulasitiki, zitsulo ndi mitundu matabwa mu mawonekedwe a bokosi popanda pansi ndi kuchuluka kwa maselo a mtundu wina. The palokha kupanga njira yosavuta nkhuni, namkwapula wa matabwa planed ndi makulidwe a za 30 mm.

Pambuyo kudziwa chipika kukula chofunika amakoka mitundu pa izo kenako anachita kudula thabwa. Iwo uyenera kuti chikugwirizana pa mafupa onse m'malo osiyanasiyana ndi zomangira. chiwerengero cha njerwa imodzi opangidwa akhoza kukhala chilichonse, izo zonse zimadalira kukula kwake, koma m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo yakuti mawonekedwe sayenera kulemekeza kwambiri. Iwo akhoza okonzeka ndi amangomvera m'mbali kuti omasuka kuyenda.