Shotcrete: luso ntchito ndi mbali

Pazaka zaka 100 kupopera konkire luso luso chakhala tingachipeze powerenga ndi ntchito zingapo za mafakitale kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana kupanga. Komanso, zaposachedwapa chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mabuku kukonzedwa ndi kumanga ntchito chidwi mu njira imeneyi kunakulanso. Kupopera ndi layering a pulasitala kapena njira yowona chifukwa chotengera chimamangidwa ndi zomwe zimachitika wa particles amaperekedwa ndi pamwamba okonzeka wa njira. ming'alu alipo ndipo pores yaing'ono ndizodzazidwa pa ntchito.

pogwiritsa ntchito chigawo

Kugwiritsa sprayed simenti lero zachilendo. Njira imeneyi ntchito angagwirizanitse thanthwe ntchito mobisa mu migodi ndi tunneling. Simungakhoze kuchita popanda njira imeneyi ndi kukonza konkire ndipo anatsindika nyumba konkire. Zikuphatikizapo mtima ndipo m'malo a kuvunda zakuthupi. Shotcrete ntchito pamene tikugwira kusindikiza, monga chuma refractory. Iye anapeza sanali akakhala, akakhala, mankhwala, simenti ndi galasi mafakitale ake ambiri, omwe amagwirizana ndi njira mkulu-kutentha. Amanena kupereka zoteteza avale zosagwira ❖ kuyanika. Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi ntchito kulenga zinthu za cholinga luso. Njira imene ntchito ogwiritsa pa nthaka pansi yomanga. Izi imakhudzanso yosungirako zipangizo ndi maenje, komanso kulimbikitsa otsetsereka pomanga mphambano msewu ndi milatho.

mbali yaikulu ya umisiri

Pamene ntchito shotcrete, luso amakhala ndi mbali zina, pakati pawo - n'zotheka kutsatira zikuchokera padziko m'goli ndi maziko ili ndege zonse. Ichi ndi chifukwa mkulu zomatira katundu osakaniza ndi mphamvu yake odziimira paokha. Nabryzg akupangidwa ku kuthamanga ndi liwiro, amene amalola kuti guluu wolimba kwambiri ya zipangizo. Pambuyo pa filimu waikamo ali wothinikizidwa paokha. The makulidwe a pamwamba mukhoza kupeza aliyense, kuti kudzadalira zinthu zenizeni ndi mavuto. Nthawi zina ntchito limodzi ndi zolimba, zokhudza ntchito zolimba miyambo kapena ulusi wapadera. luso limakupatsani mwamsanga kumanga nyumba akuthandiza popanda alowererepo ya formwork komanso kumatha kudikira nthawi yaitali.

Zosiyanasiyana luso shotcrete

Shotcrete ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana: chonyowa kapena youma. Mbali yoyamba, ndi nozzle kutsitsi akudyetsedwa mu mawonekedwe a okonzeka konkire Kusakaniza. Ichi chimakhala chotheka kupyolera mu chubu wapadera. The zikuchokera ndi mu mawonekedwe a mtsinje mosalekeza. Limagwiritsa ntchito mpweya wochepa thupi , ndi konkire. Ngati mwayi wa njira imeneyi ndi kuthekera ntchito zikuchokera yunifolomu, pang'ono duwalo, kuchepetsa linagawidwa chuma ndi luso kutsiriza grout kusakaniza pambuyo ntchito. Zotsala chifukwa zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito zina zomanga. The njira yonyowa kugwiritsa ntchito sprayed konkire akhoza kupangidwa mu malo kumangidwanso.

Kuipa mafunsidwe yonyowa

Shotcrete ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mwa njira chonyowa, koma zovuta zina, m'kukoma otsika otaya mlingo njira kuti salola pazipita kapangidwe osalimba. The makulidwe a wosanjikiza ntchito yochepa ndipo alibe upambana masentimita 3 pa njira imodzi. Chifukwa tikukonza shotcrete makina pamene ntchito mu njira yamvula kuchuluka zofunika. Komanso, mbuye womangidwa kwa konkire malo kupanga ndi ntchito zazitali manja sizingatheke. Izi zimasokoneza maneuverability.

Features youma shotcrete

Kugwiritsa sprayed konkire akhoza kupangidwa ndi luso youma, ndi amene amathandiza kuti chakudya osakaniza fillers kwa madzi osiyana payipi ya. Pamene kusanganikirana izi zikuchitika mwachindunji mu nebulizer lapansi. Poganizira madalitso, ndi kupereka mwayi woti zikuchokera kutali komanso kuwonjezeka mlingo otaya matope a. Interlayer guluu wolimba ndi guluu wolimba ndi padziko ukuwonjezeka wosanjikiza choyamba, tinganene za ntchito, koma wosanjikiza ntchito amakhala ndi makulidwe 60 millimeters. Ngati inu ntchito njira imeneyi, m'munsi sadzafunika ndi phunziroli zina, zida sasamalira kufunika kusamba. Zingakhale zokwanira kuwomba ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa.

Kuipa njira youma

Pamalo a luso ntchito ntchito shotcreting youma chidzakhala chinawonjezeka kuipitsidwa ndi fumbi. Ogwira ntchito ndi ziyeneretso yoyenera. The chiŵerengero cha madzi osakaniza youma ayenera kusintha ndipo ayesedwa pamene ndondomeko ❖ kuyanika.

The zikuchokera konkire

Ngati inu kusankha kugwiritsa ntchito shotcrete, osakaniza tikulimbikitsidwa kufufuza. Kukonzekera ntchito simenti ndi mchenga mu chiŵerengero 1: 3 kapena 1: 4, onse kudzadalira zofunika ntchito mapangidwe. Mbali yoyamba, pamwamba adzakhala mwangwiro kulimbana ndi makina ndipo chachiwiri - ndi nyengo. Ndi zofunika kukonzeketsera kuchuluka ngati a osakaniza, amene adzatha ntchito maola 3, mwinamwake izo balling, simenti wotaya khalidwe lolimbikitsa.

Ngati mukufuna ntchito pa kutentha m'munsi, ndi zosakaniza pamwamba ayenera zidzawonjezedwa plasticizers, amene ali chisanadze sitimadzipereka mu madzi. Ngati ndi kotheka, yokonza osakaniza youma ananenanso mu mawonekedwe a ufa. Zinyansi kwaiye pa linagawidwa cha chuma, sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito yachiwiri kusanganikirana njira.

zosakaniza zina

Makampani ena nthawi zina anayamba zina chifukwa shotcrete. A setifiketi kwa Kutulukira, kapena kani pempho izo, mu nkhani iyi, muyenera kugonjera. Pokhapokha ngati mankhwala akhoza kugulitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani ofunsira ndi setifiketi ya RF №2543233, mmene osakaniza ndi wodzilemekeza ndi zina zovuta kwambiri. Choncho, mmodzi wa iwo monga mbali wothandiza akutumikira asidi hydrofluoric. Koma pachimake ndi awiri chigawo stabilizer - sodium wochuluka aluminate. Acidic zigawo zikuluzikulu - zotumphukira asidi phosphoric. M'menemo mu ndime yoyamba madzi ndi mkangano ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 60 110, kenako umayamba mu sulphate zotayidwa ndi asidi hydrofluoric, diethanolamine ndi acidic stabilizer chigawo. Mu sitepe yotsatira mbali yaikulu umayamba.

Zikuchokera "Zeke" sprayed konkire

Ngati mukufuna kudziwa zimene zikuchokera kampani shotcrete "Sika", ayenera kudziwa bwino makhalidwe a kusakaniza. Choncho angagwiritsidwe ntchito yozizira, chimene chinapangidwa zikomo zotheka zina zapadera ndipo modulating zowonjezera. Pofuna kuthetsa mavuto osiyana, Mlengi amagwiritsa Chinsinsi ena. Pakuti simenti ndi mchenga stabilizers mwina zidzawonjezedwa mu kufanana pamwambazi kumapangitsanso bata segregational wa kusakaniza. Nthawi zina accelerators kusakaniza ntchito kolowera ndi oipa, komanso zoletsa ndi zina pamaziko a microsilica. Otsiriza a zakudya zimenezi n'kofunika kuti kuwongolera mphamvu ndi impermeability. Shotcrete, amene alendo ayenera kutsatira ndi mayina otsatirawa: 26633, yodziwika ndi ntchito kwambiri.

kukonzekera pamwamba

Pamaso wosanjikiza kulemera chachikulu umagwiritsidwa, m'munsi kutetezedwa hydraulically ndi sandblasting. Pamwamba ayenera kukhala ukuchoka wakale utoto, pulasitala konkire, dothi, matope ndi fumbi. Ngati pali zolimba, izo kuchotsa dzimbiri. Kusintha guluu wolimba konkire pamwamba roughened. Pofuna kuchepetsa zikuchokera kwa yunifolomu kufalitsidwa padziko ya T-malaya amene anaika. Nthawi zina wosanjikiza lotsatira zimakhazikika Mwaichi mauna 100 mm, ndipo ngati kukula selo n'chochepa, izo adzawonongedwa wosanjikiza choyamba. Pamwamba anakonza ayenera yasintha ndi mpweya wothinikizidwa ndi chizitsukidwa.

luso shotcrete

Ngati wasankha paokha kuchita ntchito yotchulidwa, inu mukhoza kukhala ndi chidwi chiwerengero cha shotcrete, amene ali makilogalamu 2400 pa mita kiyubiki 1. Izi ziyenera kuonedwa pamene kuwerengetsa kakakulu wosanjikiza lotsatira. Mtunda pakati pa nozzle ndi pamwamba utsogoleri bwanji zochuluka lotayirira. Monga mmene angachitire, ngati mtunda wa mamita mmodzi kapena awiri ndi mulingo woyenera. Ngati inu kuchepetsa izo, adzachititsa ndalama kwambiri, komanso pang'ono kusindikiza wosanjikiza. Koma ngati upambana chithunzi pamwambapa, ❖ kuyanika adzakhala anamasuka.

chifukwa shotcrete zina zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, koma madzi ayi mu njira iliyonse. Izo ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ku chiŵerengero yeniyeni. Mwachitsanzo, kupeza mphamvu ya 26,4 MPa n'cholinga chofuna kuwonjezera madzi ndi simenti mu chiŵerengero cha 0,35. Ngati mukufuna kuchepetsa mphamvu ya ku 22,1, chiwerengero Chioneke 0.5. Mbali yoyamba, kuchuluka linagawidwa anali 19,1; pamene lachiwiri - 11.2. Akadakwanitsira madzi simenti chiŵerengero chofanana ndi malire a 0.4. Kugwiritsa sprayed konkire amapangidwa mu zigawo, ndi makulidwe osachepera aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 6 millimeters. Zikagwiritsidwa ntchito simenti kupopera nozzle simenti mfuti kuyenera panjira helical. Asia ayenera kukhala pa mlingo woyenerera pamwamba. Kusintha mbali angathe kukhala pang'ono, kuyesera lembani chipolopolo kapena armature malo akuya.

katswiri malangizo a

Aliyense wosanjikiza ayenera wapangidwa n'kupanga osiyana yopingasa amene kutalika ndi m. Layering Mzere pa wina ndi mzake ayenera kukhala 20 masentimita. Ngati cholinga kugwiritsa ntchito njira bwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zina, wosanjikiza chachiwiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu maora awiri oyamba.