27 January - Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku (homeroom)

Chimodzi cha mawonetseredwe kwambiri zoopsa za ntchito ya Hitler ndi mfundo wake anali Nazi - kuzunzidwa Unyinji ndi kuwonongedwa kwa European Yudeya mu nthawi kuchokera 1933 mpaka 1945. Zinali chitsanzo kuposa kale a chiwonongeko pamodzi ndi kupululutsa la Armenia m'zaka za m'ma 20 mu Ottoman. January 27, Nazi Tsiku lokumbukira, wakhala kugwirizana ndi kutulutsidwa loyamba la misasa ndi -Osventsima.

Cholinga - kuononga

Cholinga chachikulu anapereka kwa amathandiza Hitler ndi olemba za yankho la funso la Ayuda, kunali kupulula dala mtundu osiyana. Chifukwa, izo anapha 60% ya Ayuda a ku Ulaya, nkhani pafupifupi atatu alionse lonse la Ayuda. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, anaphedwa ndi anthu mamiliyoni 6. Kumasulidwa anabwera yekha mu 1945, pa 27 January. Mayiko Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku Chili kukumbukira osati Ayuda akufa.

M'njira timapangira, chodabwitsa wa Nazi wa Nazi ku Germany ndi ena kumafuna chiwonongeko cha dziko, ing'onoing'ono kapena ayi, odwala, komanso zatsopano zachipatala. Mawu amenewa wabwera udindo, mfundo, zinthu zonse chigawenga ndi malingaliro a Fascism. Kwenikweni, zinawonongedwa ndi wachitatu wa chiwerengero cha Roma anthu. Osati kuphatikizapo zomvetsa asilikali anaphedwa khumi peresenti ya Zitsulo pafupifupi mamiliyoni atatu akaidi wa Red Army.

makina imfa

Unyinji "kuyeretsedwa" a anthu ogwira tcheru kiyi linaperekedwa kwa odwala. The wadwala matenda okhudza ubongo ndi olumala anali pansi kupha. Izi akufanana ndi amuna, zomwe naini zikwi anawonongedwa. Kuwonjezera chiwonongeko, Nazi dongosolo la mosalekeza kusintha kwa dongosolo lino la kuwonongedwa. Iyi ndi oipa mtima zatsopano mankhwala m'ndende kuti ndi mafelemu anaika pa akaidi madokotala ndi asayansi wa Wehrmacht.

Ndithudi "mafakitale" sikelo awonongedwe mpaka nkhondo anagwirizana m'gawo German. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pa 27 January, tsiku la chikumbukiro akuvutika cha Nazi, Chili anthu onse anthu a m'misasa awonongedwe cholinga analenga mkati mwa dongosolo.

achiheberi

Ayuda okha kwambiri zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito mawu ina - ndi Shoah, womwenso kwa Nazi mfundo chiwonongeko dala anthu ndi likumasuliridwa ndi mavuto kapena tsoka. Akukhulupirira ndi olondola akuti kuposa Nazi. Mawu amenewa Chili onse okhala m'madera wotanganidwa ndipo anafa kuwomberana ndi mfuti misa m'misasa, ndende ghettos, refuges ndi nkhalango, pamene inu muyesera kokani, monga chiwalo cha zigawenga ndi, mobisa kuyenda pa zipolowe, kapena pamene zothaŵa, kudutsa malire, anaphedwa ndi Anazi ndi owatsatira awo. Mawu achiheberi kunapezeka kuti kwambiri imafika komanso anthu a mitundu yonse amene anafa Nazi, ndipo anadutsa anamva kuwawa koopsya ukapolo ndi m'misasa, koma anapulumuka. Pakuti onsewo, 27 January - Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku - ndi chikhomo, ndi chikhomo mbiri, amene si Ayuda amene angathe kuiwala.

imfa ndi moyo kanjedza

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa nkhondo anayamba kuoneka ziwerengero woyamba pa nkhanza za ulamuliro wa Hitler mu Europe ndi Russia. Choncho, malinga ndi ziwerengero oyambirira chifukwa kukhazikitsa zosiyanasiyana zolinga poyerekezera ndi anthu "otsika" - kugwiritsa ntchito ngati kapolo ntchito yomanga ndi kupanga, kudzipatula, chilango, chiwonongeko - m'misasa zikwi zisanu ndi ghettos iwo unapangidwa bungwe. chiwerengero cha zosalongosoka pambali Ayuda anali Asilavo, Poland, Roma, demented, amuna, kudwala. Kumayambiriro 21 m'ma TH, izo mwalamulo analengeza kuti mabungwe amenewa Nazi cholengedwa zikwi makumi awiri. Izi mapeto anafika pa nthawi antchito kafukufuku ndi asayansi Nazi Chikumbutso Museum, limene lili mu Washington. Patapita zaka khumi, m'nyumbayi chomwecho analengeza kuti wapeza malo ngati misasa imfa, umenenso kuwerengetsera awo, anali za 42,5 zikwi mu Europe.

Mavuto kudziwa akuvutika

Amadziwika kuti pambuyo pa nkhondo dera dziko anafotokoza zochita za Nazi ndi mlandu mtendere ndi anthu ndipo anaganiza kuweruza amene anakhalabe. Pa wotchuka Nuremberg mayesero, womwe unatenga masiku woposera khumi, analengeza ndi boma pa nthawi imeneyo chithunzi cha Ayuda akufa - 6 miliyoni. Komabe, chithunzi ichi, ndithudi, susonyeza chenicheni, chifukwa palibe mndandanda wa mayina a tsokali. Pamene Soviet ndipo anagwirizana asilikali Nazi anawononga kuda iliyonse kuti mwina waunikira choonadi. Ku Yerusalemu, pa Chikumbutso National wa Nazi ndi ungwazi, pali mndandanda wa mayina a kuzindikiridwa miliyoni anayi. Koma mavuto a kuwerenga nambala woona wa akuvutika chifukwa chakuti anthu amene anaphedwa m'dera la Soviet Union, Ayuda kuziwerenga chifukwa onse anali wachinsinsi monga "nzika Soviet". Komanso, panali anthu ambiri amene anafera mu Europe, pamene panalibe wina kukonza.

Mu kuwerengetsa deta akaphatikiza asayansi ntchito kalembera anatengedwa isanayambe kapena itatha nkhondo. Malinga ndi kafukufuku izi, mu Poland anapha miliyoni 3 Ayuda USSR - 1.2 miliyoni Belarus - 800 zikwi, Germany, Lithuania ndi -. 140 zikwi, Latvia -. 70 zikwi, Hungary -. 560 zikwi, Romania -. 280 zikwi. Holland - 100 zikwi, mu France ndi Czech Republic - .. 80 zikwi, Slovakia, Greece, Yugoslavia anawonongedwa anthu 60 70 zikwi .. Kaya zovuta kapena kuwerengetsera chifukwa onse amene amalemekeza Mayiko Nazi Chikumbutso Day, mwachidule anafuulira nkhanza Nazi ndi chotsutsana anthu.

Auschwitz

Mmodzi yotchuka kwambiri ndi lowopsya m'misasa imfa. Ngakhale apa Anazi okhwima ndithu mlandu akaidi, palibe kugwirizana pa chiwerengero cha anthu amene. Mu ndondomeko lonse lotchedwa chithunzi cha anthu 4 miliyoni, SS amuna amene ankagwira ntchito ku msasa, wotchedwa miliyoni 2-3, asayansi osiyanasiyana kuitana kuchokera 1 mpaka Chiwombolo 3.8 miliyoni ndi khamu ndipo anasankha tsiku la January 27 -. Mayiko Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku. Kumsasa, padziko lonse lapansi monga Auschwitz, unapangidwa bungwe pafupi Polish m'tauni ya Oswiecim. Kuyambira 1941 mpaka 1945, anthu okwana 1.4 anaphedwa m'gawo lake, limene miliyoni 1.1 - Ayuda. msasa unatha motalika, ndipo anapita pansi mu mbiri monga chizindikiro cha Nazi. zaka ziwiri pambuyo pa nkhondo, ndi zakale, amene anakhala m'gulu la UNESCO World Heritage Site unapangidwa bungwe.

Popeza uyu anali msasa woyamba, limene linatuluka pa kugonjetsedwa kwa mphamvu lopondereza, iye anakhala quintessence nkhanza, akuchitirana nkhanza, gehena oona padziko lapansi. Malinga ndi chigamulo UN, pa January 27, tsiku la chikumbukiro akuvutika fuko 2 World nkhondo, izo anakhala kukumbukira mayiko tsiku.

Atatu magawo kuthetseratu funso la Chiyuda

Pa kuweruza mayiko pa Nuremberg anauzidwa kuti kusankha funso ili unagawidwa mu magawo atatu. Mpaka 1940, Ayuda a Germany ndi ife kukonzamo linalanda dera. Mpaka 1942 ntchito ku ndende ya anthu onse Ayuda ku Poland ndi ku Eastern Europe pansi pa ulamuliro wa Germany. Ndiye iwo anapanga kudutsa m'dera kum'mawa kwa ghetto, kumene iwo anali olekanitsidwa. Nthawi yachitatu chinakhalapo mpaka mapeto a nkhondo kunatanthauza wathunthu thupi chiwonongeko cha Ayuda. Kuti pa chisankho chomaliza wakhala anasaina mwachindunji ndi Genrihom Gimmlerom.

Chiwonongeko chisanadze zinakonzedwa, kuwonjezera pa chipinda ghetto, kuti iwo kuchokera kwa anthu ena, otchedwa tsankho, komanso amatipatsa athamangitsidwe kwathunthu ku moyo wapoyera, kulandidwa katundu wawo ndi kubweretsa Ayuda boma kumene mwayi wa kupulumuka kuti anaonetsetsa kokha mwa ukapolo. Memory ndi uchigawenga lagona pa zochitika yomwe inachitika pa 27 January. Chikumbukiro tsiku khama osati okhawo amene anafa, koma mwina pamwamba onse amene pa mtengo wa khama lingamutsatire anatha kupulumuka.

Khama la tsiku

Tikumbukenso kuti si kamodzi anaikidwa mu nkhondo Chronicle Mayiko Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku World. Tsiku anali ovomerezeka ndi chikalata chosiyana cha United Nations, izo anatengera 1 November 2005. Ndiye, gawo lapadera la General Assembly UN odzipereka kwa chikumbutso 60 yomenyera, anayamba ndi mphindi chete. msonkhano panafika, ndi dziko yomwe yakhala gwero la tsokalo lamkunkhuniza la European Yudeya. Democratic Germany, anati ndiye nthumwi ake, waphunzira zolakwika zowopsa ndi wokhala ake makhalidwe kasamalidwe olakwika akale, wochimwa kalozera. Ndi kwa dziko ili pa January 27, Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku mu Germany, mwambo wa pachaka wa pa nthawiyi ndi chikumbutso osaleka zolakwa. Komabe, anthu German kumvetsetsa udindo wawo kwa anthu awa ndipo musati mwadala zamylivaet m'mbuyomu. Mu 2011, nthawi yoyamba kuti tsiku komanso otchula Roma nkhanza fuko.

Kuphunzitsa m'badwo wamng'ono

Nkhanza sadalole munthu ndi munthu kukhalabe mbiri ndi chikumbukiro lapansi kwamuyaya. Komabe, pali milandu yotereyi, amatikumbutsa zimene ziyenera mobwerezabwereza nthawi kuteteza, kuteteza kuteteza. Izi zikufanana ndi chokhumudwitsa cha chiwonongeko mwadongosolo Nazi onse amene ankamuona ngati mafuko opanda nzeru ndipo si oyenera ufulu moyo. Bwino kufufuza imeneyi masukulu kuchititsa maphunziro momasuka ndi chitsanzo cha zopelekedwa amafotokoza, kuphatikizapo Kafukufuku anapanga ndi Anazi mu misasa ndi kupereka misa.

"Pa January 27 - Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku" - homeroom ndi dzina lomweli unachitikira ku masukulu ambiri Russian ndi European. Pa mfundo anafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za chiyambi cha mawu ndi matanthauzo ake. Makamaka, mawu m'Baibulo Greek limene limatanthauza "nsembe yopsereza." Pa maphunziro ophunzira kusonyeza zithunzi wokhala ndi photos, zimauluka pa dziko lonse lapansi pambuyo wa kuweruza wa mayiko anakonza tanthauzo la tsoka mayiko wa Nazi.

Akayatsa mphero ali n'kuyamba

Funso loyamba lomwe lingakhale lakuti amatchedwa anthu Ayuda kuphunzira Nazi, n'chifukwa chiyani chidani? N'chifukwa chiyani Ayuda akhala cholinga chachikulu cha pulogalamu chiwonongeko cha anthu? mayankho omveka a mafunso awa lero. Chimodzi Baibulo ndi kuti panthawi imeneyi ndi maganizo ambirimbiri a ku Germany anali achilendo kwa odana Semitism, amene Hitler anatha zingakweze kwa makulidwe zosaneneka. N'chifukwa chake, pa amati ndi chidwi wamba, ndipo iye anali wokhoza kuzindikira cholinga chake udzachotsa.

Chifukwa china connivance uyu wa anthu German wotchedwa zimene unachotsedwa katundu Ayuda pambuyo Kristallnacht mu November 1938, izo kunditumiza ku Germany wamba. Mwa zifukwa zina, kulimbana chuma chawo ndi udindo ŵa kuti Ayuda wotanganidwa pa anthu, amatchedwa imodzi frontrunners lapansi. Komabe, kuwonjezera pa zimenezi zinachititsa apamwamba Hitler unali funso apamwamba mitundu. Ndipo onse amene, monga mwa chiphunzitso chake, anali oipa kwambiri a zizindikiro Aryans, momveka okha kumbali ya mfundo imeneyi, kunali kofunika kuwononga. Ndipo pa 27 January - Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku - ndi zonse chikumbutso zomwe zingabweretse kulambira chikale ndi kumvera chilichonse chimene lingaliro.

tsiku lonse kuvutika

Ngakhale kumvetsetsa khalidwe lonse la kubwera matsoka zoona koposa theka la zaka, tsiku limodzi yokumbukira mwa anthu analibe zochitika zimenezo zoopsa. Ndipo kokha mu 2005 anaganiza kusankha tsiku, lomwe linali tsiku loyamba la kumasulidwa kwa msasa Auschwitz - pa 27 January. Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku Koma m'mayiko ena, pali pa tsiku. Mu Hungary, lero anasankhidwa tsiku la misa Kusamuka kwa Chihangare Ayuda ghetto wa - April 16, 1944. kugalukira mu Warsaw ghetto nthawi, umene unachitika mu January 1943 ndipo kuletsedwa osankhidwa pa tsiku losaiwalika ku Israel. Malinga ndi kalendala ya Ayuda, tsiku la 27 Nisani. Malinga ndi kalendala ya Gregory , tsiku limeneli chikugwirizana ndi nthawi 7 April 7 May. Mu Latvia tsiku losaiwalika anasankhidwa pa July 4, pamene m'masunagoge onse unatenthedwa mu 1941. October 9, 1941 anayamba kupita misa Romania Ayuda. Ilo linali tsiku la Nazi ku Romania. Nazi Chikumbutso Tsiku mu Germany pali, monga dziko, pa 27 January.