Kodi Archons? Mbiri ya Ufumu Byzantine

Kodi Archons? Iwo anapita ku mawu? Kuti angawapeze mbiri ya Ufumu wa Byzantine? Tsopano mawu a ntchito tanthauzo, koma zingaoneke amatikumbutsa amene anapatsidwa kwa iye poyamba. Komanso, chifukwa kufala kwa chikhalidwe misa ndi maganizo a chiphunzitso cha "Archon" ndi gawo otaika kwathunthu tanthauzo lake zamalankhulidwe. M'nkhani ino tidzayesetsa kumvetsa zinthu zoyenera kuti aganyali tanthauzo la mawu akuti "archon" ndipo ngati n'koyenera ntchito monga amatiphunzitsa chikhalidwe ano. mfundo ndi yakuti ambiri akuti "Archon" amagwirizana ndi nthumwi za atsogoleri achipembedzo, pamene tanthauzo loyambirira la mawu kale kwathunthu kwa moyo m'dzikoli.

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Mwina ambiri adamva mawu "archon", koma ndinkadabwa chomwe izo zimatanthauza ndi zimene Archons kwenikweni. Liwu limeneli lili ndi matanthauzo ambiri okhudzana ndi chipembedzo ndi mbiri. Choncho, mabuku achipembedzo nthaŵi zina ananena kuti mizimu yakuipa, dziko olamulira. Ngakhale pa nkhani Star Ufiti masewera mu mpikisano wa alendo, Protoss, pali wankhondo wapadera amene ali Kuphatikiza kwa miyoyo iwiri ya Templars, ndipo anaitana archon. maonekedwe ake pa nkhondo Mzimu ulemu. Pa nthawi yomweyo archon angapezeke mu mndandanda XCOM, kumene ukufanizidwa ndi chilengedwe cha alendo, woyang'anira anthu. Kumene, njirayi ndi salembedwa yekha akhoza kukuyerekezeredwa ndi lingaliro pachiyambi, yomwe inaikidwa ndi mawu akuti "archon". Pali n'chimodzimodzi wachibale, munthu amene sakudziwa gwero lake, mukhoza kuyamba molakwika zosiyana.

Kodi mbiri malo ndi archons

Ku mawu achigiriki amene anawamasulira kuti "Mutu", "wolamulira", "mutu". Limenelo linali dzina la mkulu wa Athens. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti pambuyo pa imfa ya mfumu Kodra udindo chopatsika ndondomeko Greek atsogoleri awo. Zinali ngati analogue a mawu "mfumu." Kutanthauza malamulo a Archon Kodra anali yofunika kwambiri kwa chuma cha boma, lomwe nzika kuti anasankha kukhala ndi udindo monga msonkho ndi chikumbukiro wolamulira wawo.

Poyamba, mutu wa archon wokwatibwa ndi mabungwe atatu - ndi eponym (iye anali atagwira nthambi Yolamula), Basilio (kuyang'anira mwambo wa milungu Greek, ndipo anali m'zachipembedzo) ndi polemarch (mkulu wa asilikali a ku Atene anali kuyang'anira zochitika zonse lankhondo la mzinda boma).

Komabe, patapita akale polis Greek anayambitsa asanu posts arhontskih, omwe anatchedwa "tesmotety" kapena "fesmotety". Iwo ali ndi udindo younikanso pachaka malamulo, kupeza zotsutsana m'chilamulo, ena malamulo ndi ntchito zina zonse musalekane pa ulamuliro wa woyamba Archons atatu.

The archons woyamba wa magazi achifumu

Poyamba, archons tingakhoze kokha kukhala Kodridy, abale ndi ana a mfumu Kodra, mopitirira anatsimikiza kulowa positi attiyskoy apamwamba - evpatidam. kusintha Solon a kunapangitsa kuti akhale archons osati apamwamba, komanso kumabungwe ena onse a anthu, koma anthu osauka.

Woyamba anali mwana wa mfumu archon Kodra - Medon. Kuyambira naye, mutu zapita bambo mwana ndi moyo.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, ufulu ndi demokalase wa Atene kudula mphamvu ndi nthawi ya Archons wa Board. Choncho, patapita nthawi ya ulamuliro wa zochepa zaka khumi, ndipo ngakhale pambuyo zaka zana la ulamuliro wa chaka akanatha Archon. Atalandidwa Greece ndi Aroma anatcha archons akuluakulu akuzigawo akusankhidwa ndi Rome.

Kupitiriza nkhani ya Archons, pambuyo Greece

Koma kodi Archons mu kaonedwe kanthawi ndi mbiri yakale? Monga tanena mu Athens akale ndi udindo wa nduna ndi akuluakulu mkulu wa malamulo, kumtundu choyamba, koma anadzakhala voti. Koma musaiwale kuti a wolowa wa Rome ndi Greece anali archons tanthauzo lenileni la mawu osiyana pang'ono ndi wapachiyambi.

archons Byzantine

M'mbiri ya Ufumu wa Byzantine pansi lingaliro limeneli ndi strata apamwamba a anthu: onse wamba ndi atsogoleri achipembedzo malemu nyengo Byzantine. Komabe, tidziwa kuti mfumu ndi Zazipembedzo mabishopu, si mmodzi wa iwo, omwe anali achilendo kwambiri. Archons zambiri kusiyana kwa anthu ndi n'chimodzimodzi ndi kalasi olamulira. Ine ndikudabwa chimene ufulu ndi udindo, komanso malo mu maudindo osiyanasiyana a anthu sanali lomveka kwathunthu ndi malamulo ndi boma. Chifukwa cha kupereka osalimba ndi osokoneza chikutanthauza arhonotov ntchito malamulo choncho.

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Malinga ndi olemba mbiri ena, mbiri ya Ufumu wa Byzantine limasonyeza kuti kugwa kwa ufumu anali mu gawo chokhudzana ndi ntchito ya Archons. Mu chiweruzo chawo osankhika izi ngakhale dera osiyana ndi njira imodzi kanthu, koma anali munthu amene si monolithic, unagawanika ndipo anali ndewu mkati. Mkangano ndi squabbling bwino kwambiri akuwonetseredwa mu mphindi, amene kogwirizana ndi kugona ndi anansi ake Western. Gwero la nkhondo inali mwapadera maganizo ukwati. The apotheosis wa amenewa anali kugunda mu Bungwe la Florence.

Mu mbiri oyambirira a olamulira Byzantine ankatchedwa archons States (Archon), adali ndi digiri mosiyanasiyana malingana ufumuwo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti akazi awo ankatchedwa arhontissami, ndiko kuti, nayenso anali woimira kalasi osiyana chikhalidwe.

Chiyambi cha posts latsopano

Kenako mafumu ntchito mchitidwe ku Athens ndipo analenga dongosolo la posts. Ena mwa iwo anali awa: Archon Allagi (mkulu wa asilikali Byzantine), Archon vlattii (Mutu wa msonkhano Wamkulu Koposa kuti manufactures ndi amangomvera nsalu chidali), mchere Archon (mtsogoleri wa mchere lachifumu, zomwe ndi udindo kulamulira yopanga ndi kugulitsa mchere). Komanso, pankhani ena a olamulira limati oyandikana akuti "Archon Archons", kapena "mfumu ya mafumu" imene ankagwiritsa ntchito kukwezedwa awo pamwamba mpumulo. Zilipo magwero mbiri tikudziwa kuti dzina limeneli anali mafumu atatu a Armenia, zomwe zinaonetsa mphamvu zawo mwa mayiko South Caucasus.

Pambuyo pa chiwonongeko cha archons ufumu anayamba dzina oimira atsogoleri Orthodox, yemwe anatsogolera anthu ammudzi Greek, osati mzimu komanso anthu akudziko mu ulamuliro Turkey.

Pomaliza

Tiyeni tione zimene archons ndi lagona pa deta kuti ife kale ndi amene anaperekedwa nkhaniyi. Mogwirizana onse a pamwamba tinganene motsimikiza kuti ndi udindo Greek akuluakulu okalamba ndi ntchito yeniyeni pansi pa boma ku Atene. Archontes Athens anapanga mfundo Greek boma mpaka kugonjetsa Roma. Mu Ufumu Byzantine mu chiyambi, akuti anali ngati dzina Olamulirawo m'deralo amene anazindikira suzerain awo Mfumu mu njira ina. Kenako, pansi pa dzina la wosanjikiza wamkulu anapanga archontes nkhani Byzantine. Ena mwa iwo anali ambiri, osati munthu wamba, koma atsogoleri achipembedzo komanso atumiki. Pankhaniyi, malo a archon anagwiritsidwa ntchito mwachindunji mu Mapu, komanso mu ndondomeko yachilendo ya Byzantium poyerekezera ndi maiko oyandikana nawo. Malo Archon analandira Ashot Ine, Smbat Ine ndi Ashot II zosowa limati awo lalikulu mu South Caucasus. Patapita chiwonongeko Ufumu wa Byzantine, mutu wa archon anafika ponena kuti anthu otchuka mpingo.