Zipembedzo wa mabishopu - mutu wa Kanyaniko ya Tchalitchi cha Orthodox wa Constantinople.

Zipembedzo wa mabishopu - ndi Kanyaniko wa mpingo wa Constantinople. Mbiri yakale, amaona woyamba mwa ofanana wa anyani a mipingo pamene tikhalako. Kodi izi zikutanthauza chiyani, ndipo kodi panali nkhani imeneyi, kulankhula ina. Tsopano ife tikupeza ndiye ecumenical mabishopu. Choncho, October 22, 1991 mutuwu anali kupereka Bartholomew I (mu dziko Dimitrios Arhodonis), amatchedwanso Divine Wake Holiness Bishopu wamkulu wa Constantinople (dzina lakale la mzinda wa Chatsopano Rome).

khololo

mutuwu unakhazikitsidwa pamene, mu Ufumu wa Byzantine, mzindawo unakhala likulu la Constantinople. Choyamba Zazipembedzo mabishopu, Acacius (472-489) anali lotchedwa pambuyo wachinayi Zazipembedzo Council (451, Chalcedon). Kenako mu malamulo 9, 17 ndi 28 analengeza ufumu lonse ulamuliro wa Chatsopano Bishop wa Rome, kufunika kuti atenge malo chachiwiri pambuyo Rome.

Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za zana VI ndi udindo wa mutu analola onse mu boma ndi mu zochita kachipembedzo Ufumu wa Byzantine. Koma papa wa ku Roma 28 TH ulamuliro si atsopano. Mwa kugwirizana ndi wogwirizana ndi pa VII Zazipembedzo Council (1438-1445 gg.) Rome kenako pambuyo pawo mu gawo lachiwiri la Orthodox wa Constantinople.

Mabishopu ku Russia

Koma mu 1453, Ufumu wa Byzantine anagwa patapita kuzinga Constantinople ndi asilikali Turkey. Mu nkhani iyi, Zazipembedzo kholo la Constantinople, anakhalabe malo ake monga mtsogoleri wa dziko la Chikhristu, koma kale pansi pa Ottoman. Lokha anakhalabe mutu wa Mpingo Orthodox Russian, koma anali ofooka kwambiri ndi wotopa mu ndege chuma, pamene mabishopu ndi unakhazikitsidwa mu State Russian (1589). Mu ulamuliro wa Boris Godunov, monga ife tikudziwira, mbadwa choyamba mu Russia anakhala Job (1589).

Pambuyo First World nkhondo, Ottoman Ufumu unatha. Mu 1923, Constantinople unasiya kukhala likulu, mu 1930, anadzatchedwa ku Istanbul (Istanbul).

Mpikisano wa mphamvu

Kumayambiriro 1920, Orthodox wa Constantinople bwalo mumtima amayamba mfundo zimene mipingo yonse chikale ankagwiritsidwa ayenera kwathunthu kumvera kholo la Constantinople. Ndiye kodi iye, malinga ndi Greek osankhika msonkhano otchedwa Phanariotes, tsopano ali ndi ulamuliro wa ulemu ndi mphamvu, choncho angathe kuthandizapo pa zochitika mkati mwa mipingo ina iliyonse. Mfundo imeneyi yomweyo pansi kutsutsa mobwerezabwereza ndipo ankatchedwa "kum'mawa popery." Komabe, de A mchitidwe facto anali ovomerezeka ndi mpingo.

Zipembedzo mabishopu, Bartholomew I: yonena

Bartholomew wa mtundu Greek amene anabadwa pa February 29, 1940 a Turkey chilumba cha Imbros Zeytinli Village-Kay. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale ku Istanbul, anapitiriza kuphunzira pa sukulu Theological wa Bungwe la Chalcedon, ndipo mu 1961 ndinadzozedwa dikoni. Kenako ntchito kwa zaka ziwiri mu la Turkey.

Kuyambira 1963 mpaka 1968 - ndikuwerenga pa Pontifical Institute Oriental ku Rome, kenako anaphunzira ku yunivesite ya Munich ndi Switzerland. Kenako anaphunzitsa pa Pontifical University Gregory, komwe adalandira digiri mu zamulungu.

Mu 1968, kudzozedwa anatenga malo akulu, kutanthauza kuti anayenera mabishopu, Athenagoras I. Mu 1972, kale pansi mabishopu, Demetrius anasankhidwa kukhala Wolamulira wa ofesi banjalo.

Mu 1973 iye anali opatulidwira Bishop wa Metropolitan wa Philadelphia, mu 1990 anakhala Metropolitan wa Chalcedon. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1974 mpaka analandira Ufumu khololo anali membala wa Synod ndi Synod angapo makomiti.

Mu October 1991, iye anasankhidwa kukhala mkulu wa mabishopu mu mpingo Constantinople. Kulamulira zinachitika pa November 2 chaka chimenecho.

Bartholomew ndi ROC

Pambuyo kulamulira kwa Zazipembedzo mabishopu, Bartholomew Ine mu 1993. Russian mabishopu, maulendo. Pambuyo kugawanika ku Russia mu 1922 (pamene Constantinople anali chisoni awo zigawenga kachipembedzo, osati ovomerezeka Church) amatanthauza m'firiji pamtunda mu ubwenzi wawo. Makamaka ROC kachiwiri unagawanika, mothandizidwa ndi boma Chiyukireniya, pamene panali wodzitcha Kiev Orthodox, lotsogoledwa ndi Filaret. Koma mu nthawi iyi Bartholomew ndinali kumuthandiza ovomerezeka Wake chiphunzitsochi Metropolitan Vladimir wa Kiev (Sabodan).

Mu 1996, pamene pali kutsutsana kwambiri ndi Estonia Apostolic Church Orthodox. Moscow ali losadziwika kapangidwe ovomerezeka a Mpingo wa Constantinople Orthodox mu Estonia. dzina Bartholomew kwa kanthawi ngakhale amachotsedwa diptychs wa ROC.

misonkhano

Mu 2006, overdue nkhondo zikuchitika ku m'dera la Sourozh MP mu British Isles. Chifukwa, Bishop Basil, bwana wake wakale, analandiridwa mu Mpingo wa Constantinople, koma mwamsanga anachoka kumeneko monga ankafuna kukwatira kapena kukwatiwa.

Mu 2008, polemekeza chikumbutso 1020th wa Ubatizo wa Russia, Chiyukireniya Pulezidenti Viktor Yushchenko takhala tikudikira pabvomelezo la mabishopu, Bartholomew chakuti panali bungwe Chiyukireniya mipingo mu umodzi m'dera, koma sanalandire izo.

Mu 2009, Moscow mabishopu, Kirill anapita kukakhala nduna za kholo la Constantinople. Pa nkhani tinakambirana nkhani zambiri zofunika, pamene Bartholomew atalonjeza kulowerera pa zinthu mpingo analengedwa mu Ukraine.

Kenako mu 2010, zinali machesi wachiwiri Moscow, kumene pankhani ya bungwe Great Orthodox. Bartholomew amatchedwanso okayikira okhulupirira a Ukraine ku tchalitchi ovomerezeka.

Bartholomew kholo ubale ndi Roma Katolika

Mu 2006 Bartholomew anandiitanira ku Istanbul Papa Benedict XVI, ndipo msonkhano zinachitika. Zipembedzo Orthodox mabishopu, kucheza anadandaula kuti mipingo iwiri akadali osalumikidwa.

Mu 2014, msonkhano wa kholo ndi Papa Francis zinachitika ku Yerusalemu. Iye ankaona ngati anakambirana pambali, makamaka amachitika lathu ndi zipembedzo, umene tsopano kwambiri kudzudzulidwa.

Mfundo zodabwitsa za msonkhano uno chinali chifukwa chakuti Papa Francis odzichepetsa chizindikiro nampsompsona dzanja la kholo lakale, amene nawonso, waulemu ndi omvetsetsa anayankha Phillips osculation.

Zipembedzo wa mabishopu: mndandanda

Makolo akale a nthawi atsopano:

• Dorofei la Prussia (1918-1921 gg.);
• Meletii IV (1921-1923 gg.);
• Gregory VII (1923-1924 gg.);
• Constantine VII (1924-1925 gg.);
• Vasily III (1925-1929 gg.);
• Photios II (1929-1935 gg.);
• Benjamin (1936-1946 gg.);
• Limakhulupirira V (1946-1948 gg.);
• Athenagoras (1948-1972 gg.);
• Demetrius I (1972-1991 gg.);
• Bartholomew I (1991).

Pomaliza

Pakuti posachedwa, mu June 2016, ndidzadutsa Council Wamkulu Pan-Orthodox, zomwe akambirana nkhani - maganizo a Tchalitchi cha Orthodox ku mipingo ina yachikhristu. Apa kungakhale kwambiri mikangano osiyana ndi mikangano. Pakuti tsopano, abale onse Orthodox, atagwira nkhawa, monga iwo ukutchedwa, ya Eighth Zazipembedzo Council. Ngakhale tanthauzo akanakhala cholakwika, chifukwa palibe malamulo mpingo tinakambirana izo sizidzatero, chifukwa chirichonse kale anaganiza, ndi Mulimonsemo sizingasinthidwe.

Last Zazipembedzo Council unachitikira ku Nicaea mu 787 AD. Ndiyeno panali magawano Katolika, mu 1054 kunachitika mu mpingo wa Chikhristu, ndiye anapanga Western (Catholic) ku mzinda wa Rome ndi kum'mawa (Orthodox) wokhazikika mu Constantinople. Pambuyo pa kugawanika Zazipembedzo Council ndi zolemba zosatheka.

Koma ngati iwo akufuna kulowa Mpingo wa Katolika ndi Orthodox, izo zidzachitika ngati iye alapa ndi kutsatira zimene malamulo cha Orthodox, ndipo ena sangakhale. Izi imakhudzanso mipingo ina, kuphatikizapo schismatic Kiev Orthodox, zimene mbali nawonso akuyembekezera kuzindikira ndi mayanjano.