Mbiri ya AvtoVAZ. Chidwi zenizeni ndi zithunzi

Mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo zinabala zopangidwa angapo magalimoto mu USSR. "The Cossacks", "Volga" ndi "Moskvich" adzakhalapo kosatha mu chikumbukiro cha nzika za dziko lathu monga Chikhumbo a nthawi imeneyo kutali. Koma mu Soviet Union panthawi imeneyo sikunali kokwanira magalimoto. Iwo anali kovuta kupeza pa msika lotseguka. Makina anagawira pa mndandanda mu makampani akuluakulu.

Kukumana kufunika kuwonjezeka kwa magalimoto otha, Anagwirizana utsogoleri mayiko kumanga galimoto fakitale. Momwe munakonzera, iye amayenera kutenga malo kuwalamulira mu makampani mwakwera galimoto kupanga. Kuyambira akuyamba nkhani ya AvtoVAZ. yomanga ake zinachitika mofulumira kwambiri (nthawi 2 mofulumira kuposa wopita). zamakono mkombero zida analenga osati mafakitare wa USSR, komanso mayiko ena zokomera, komanso US ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Kupanga chomera

Volga galimoto Bzalani chatsimikizidwa kumanga mu mzinda wa Togliatti. Kuti tichite zimenezi, utsogoleri dziko kutha August 1966 pangano ndi nkhawa Chitaliyana "Fiat" omwe anathandiza pomanga galimoto chiphona. Iwo samangokhala ankafunika kumanga munkachitika-mkombero kupanga, kupanga zida zoyenerera, komanso kuphunzitsa anthu a pa.

Mbiri ya AvtoVAZ mu Togliatti, ngakhale pa siteji ya kulenga anakumana chochitika yaing'ono. chakuti chizindikiro kwa galimoto latsopano mtundu anabwera ndi amisiri Soviet. lingaliro sewero anali mmodzi wa atsogoleri a likulu A. Dekalenkovu. Koma kuti Logos awa anali a ku Italy. "Fiat" woyamba zithunzi makumi atatu analenga zolakwa. Mu mzinda wa "Tolyatti" Dzina kalata "Ine" inatuluka mu «R» chifukwa kalata. Ukwati mofulumira kwambiri m'malo.

Dzina la chomera sanali osankhidwa ndi fanizo ena Soviet zopangidwa, amene ankatchedwa Mwachitsanzo, Ulyanovsk ndi Gorky. Ichi chidachitika mwa kulondola ndale. Apo ayi, "kupewa nthabwala zosayenera sizikanakhala zotheka."

Kuyamba

Ngakhale isanathe yomanga chomera ikuphunzitsa. galimoto yotchuka "Zhiguli" - - Vaz-2101 chifukwa cha ntchito mosatopa antchito, mu 1970 woyamba 6 "masenti" zinalembedwa.

Kufunika kwa magalimoto kwambiri moti kugulitsa kokha zochepa kupanga imapanga. M'chaka choyamba iwo anamasulidwa mu kuchuluka kwa 100 zikwi. Zidutswa.

Mbiri ya AvtoVAZ (chithunzi galimoto yoyamba anapereka kenako) limasonyeza chitukuko mofulumira chimphona. Pafupifupi zaka zoyambirira za kukhazikitsa komanso ankafunitsitsa katundu.

Mu 1973, Vaz-2101 anayamba kupereka dziko msika. Komabe, mtundu uwu ankayenera kuti anadzatchedwa mu Lada. Dzina "Zhiguli" mu phokoso French ngati "Gigolo" (mwamuna, kuvina ndalama).

M'kupita kwa nthawi, chizindikiro "Lada" anapangidwa kwa ogula zoweta. "Lada" ali anasiya kutulutsa.

Kuonjezera ulimi liwiro

Mbiri ya chitukuko cha AvtoVAZ wakhalako. Pambuyo chiyambi cha ulimi mu 1970 ndi dziko msika, zitsanzo latsopano la makina yapangidwa. Amenewa anali Vaz-2102 ndi Vaz-2103.

Mu 1980, boma la Soviet Union ndinkakhala nalo pa masewero a Olympic ndipo anaikidwa pa conveyor "zisanu" (Vaz-2105). Komabe, zitsanzo izi ngakhale ndipo tasangalala ndi kufunika enviable, koma wotchuka kwambiri mu mbiri ya mbewu anali "Six" (Vaz-2106). Iye anamasulidwa mu ulimi mu 1976.

AvtoVAZ mphamvu kupanga chinaperekedwa ndi mafakitale asanu. Kuyambira 1966 mpaka 1991 amaphatikiza Belebeevsky mbewu "Avtonormal" Skopinsky ndi Dmitrovgradsky Auto akaphatikiza Bzalani, TPP Vaz ndi "AvtoVAZagregat".

"Kopeika" ndi "Troika"

Kukumbukira zitsanzo zonse AvtoVAZ (mbiri ya galimoto chimphona), sangathe koma kupereka msonkho kwa mwana wake woyamba. Amenewa anali Vaz-2101 ndi Vaz-2103. Choyamba "khobiri" ankatchedwa kwa manambala awiri otsiriza a chitsanzo chiwerengero cha anthu. Galimoto chachiwiri anayamba kunena za "troika."

"Kopeika" anali ndinazolowera zikhalidwe za Soviet misewu sedani chitsanzo Fiat 124. Mu galimoto zoweta linawonjezeka pansi chilolezo kuchokera mamilimita 110 mpaka 175. Komanso kutukula awonjezera mabuleki ndi kuyimitsidwa. makina Chimenechi chinali chizindikiro m'nthawi ya Soviet Union ndi 70s magalimoto. "Kopeika" anakhala woyambitsa wa sedans ndi kumbuyo galimoto gudumu ndi zosunthika "tingachipeze powerenga" zitsanzo.

Atangoyamba anachokera ku conveyor wa loyamba "khobiri" anaikidwa mu kupanga "troika". Nthawi kuti amatchedwa "mwanaalirenji" chitsanzo. Zinali bwino reworked "khobiri". chidwi linaperekedwa kwa kupanga. Galimoto anali nyali anayi, zinthu chrome ndi bwino lakutsogolo.

The zitsanzo zotsatirazi angwiro

Kamodzi anamasulidwa awiri oyambirira zitsanzo magalimoto, mbiri ya AvtoVAZ ali zosintha angapo otchuka wa "khobiri". Pambuyo restyling ake aakulu anali kuvala conveyor wa Vaz-2104, 2105, 2106 ndi 2107 kunali "Six" The otchuka pakati pawo. Icho chinali zinachitika wa Fiat 124 Speciale. Kwa zaka zoposa 30 kupanga chitsanzo ichi tagulitsidwa miliyoni 4.3 Vaz-2106.

Atha bwino, ndi zina zopangidwa atatu magalimoto. Okonza apanga yapamwamba nthawi amakona anayi nyali. Mkati anali kwambiri adasandulika. Komanso akweza injini galimoto. "Six" ndipo lero imatengedwa kuti ndithu makina otchuka.

Chitsanzo 80s

Mbiri ya "AvtoVAZ" mu 80 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo, limafotokoza nkhani ya msinkhu wina wa ulimi. m'badwo wonse watsopano "Sputnik" magalimoto yapangidwa pa nthawi ino. Pakuti index lolingana mu chipinda, monga zitsanzo za m'mbuyomu, anthu ikutchedwa galimoto "eyiti". Iwo anali yodziwika ndi mphero woboola pakati kutsogolo yotsiriza. "Chisel" akadali anaitana kuti Vaz-2108.

Lachitsanzo ali latsopano injini, gearbox. Iye anali ndi kutsogolo-gudumu pagalimoto. mawonekedwe a galimoto anali ndi kuuluka bwino potsatira njira zambiri, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto m'mbuyomu. Thupi anali ndi dongosolo mphamvu. chitsanzo ichi anayamba kupanga molumikizana ndi galimoto chimphona Porsche. The Germany anathandiza wopanga zoweta polenga zinthu zonse kupatula kamangidwe.

Patapita nthawi mu kugulitsa Vaz-2108 ndi zisanu khomo mtundu thupi hatchback ndi sedani.

midget "Oka" anayamba kupanga mu 80s mochedwa. zinachitika yake inali Daihatsu Cuore chitsanzo 1980. Kenako, kupatula AvtoVAZ, "Oka" anamasulidwa ngati "SeAZ" ndi "KAMAZ".

Chomera pambuyo kugwa kwa USSR

Kutha kwa Soviet Union adakwiya ndi mafakitale ambiri zazikulu ndi zazing'ono, kuphatikizapo AvtoVAZ. Mbiri ya mbewu chikusonyeza kuti chimphona cha galimoto anakumana pa nthawi iyi ya sagwirizana ndi yaitali.

Mfundo ndi yakuti mu masiku zomvetsa chisoni AvtoVAZ, mbewu anakumana ndi chinthu monga "mpikisano." Mpaka nthawi imeneyi, ogula Soviet kugula magalimoto akubwera pa mzere msonkhano mofulumira kwambiri. Koma tsopano dziko anasefukira ndi yapamwamba, ngakhale yachiwiri dzanja magalimoto yachilendo zopangidwa.

Mu Soviet Union, wodutsa magalimoto kupanga zoweta bwino pang'ono. Choncho, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto kunja, iwo alibe imani chofufuzidwa. Zomera anafunika kufunika kuchepetsa kupanga. Oposa 25% ntchito kudula. Ngakhale anathandiza thandizo la boma. Mwakufuna kufunika kwa magalimoto ena ndi zoweta kuyamba ntchito yapamwamba miyambo. Koma sizinathandize.

Ntchito zinthu zovuta

History limatiuza za AvtoVAZ molimba kwenikweni masiku awa kampani. Osakwanira kufunika kwa zitsanzo chakale galimoto, kulimbana umwini wa ogwira sanali amathandiza kuti kuchoka ku mavutowo.

Komanso, chuma mavuto zachititsa kuti kuwonongeka kwa zochitika. State kwambiri amathandiza yopangira kufa. Koma anapeza mavuto mkati ndi kunja sangathe kuthetsa zonsezi.

Nthawi kuba misa katundu ndi mbali akhala lokhazikika. Iwo anali yaikulu, ngakhale yaikulu kampani ndalama. Mu 2009, kuchepa malonda anali ndi mbiri ndipo anali 39% poyerekeza ndi 2008.

Kuti apulumutse dziko lonse galimoto chomera chofunika ndalama yaikulu. Yopangidwa odana ndi mavuto miyeso. Kusankha mavuto ake mkati ndi kunja, kampani akanabwerera pa mapazi awo.

Mwa Crisis ndi

Wopitiriza kwambiri mavuto anakumana AvtoVAZ. Mbiri ya mbewu ali zaka zoposa 15 za makhalidwe oipa, kupanga chiyembekezo mu ankafuna otsika. Komabe, zokolola anali akadali anapeza. Mu July 2009, mayikowo anagwirizana pakati pa "matekinoloje Russian" ndi kampani Renault-Nissan. "AvtoVAZ" Authorized thumba chatsimikizidwa kuonjezera. Izo padera mayuro miliyoni 240 Renault-Nissan gulu (zinali 25% ya magawo onse) ndi katatu chiwerengero cha "matekinoloje Russian" (Motero kuwonjezeka cholowa mu likulu udindo 44%). kampani ndi "Troika kukambirana" nthawi yomweyo kutaya 17,5% ya cholowa.

Komanso, anaganiza kuti apereke malo a mlengi mkulu Steve Mattin, amene m'mbuyomu zomwezo mu makampani ngati lonse monga "Mercedes" ndi "Volvo". Iwo anayamba nthawi kuchira pang'onopang'ono.

Pambuyo Soviet magalimoto lachitsanzo

AvtoVAZ, nkhani ya chilengedwe ndi ntchito adazindikira kwambiri zokwera ndi zotsika, mu nthawi yamavuto ndi khalidwe la zitsanzo kakang'ono pomwe. Choncho, kumayambiriro 90 ntchentche za m'ma mmodzi wotsiriza wa zitsanzo atsopano anali Vaz-2110. Zinali sedani anayamba pa maziko a "Gulu la Eyiti". Galimoto thupi kwambiri choyambirira ndi mamangidwe mkati.

Pambuyo pake za zaka 10, kupanga silinazindikire kukweza kwambiri. Mavuto amene anachitika chomera wotukuka patsogolo, zinakhudza muzochitika zones za ntchito zake. Only mu 2003 pa maziko a «GM-AvtoVAZ" olowa ankapitabe adalowa kupanga Chevrolet Niva. Patapita chaka chimodzi, kupanga sedans, hatchbacks ndi "Kalina" mtundu siteshoni ngolo unakhazikitsidwa Togliatti.

2007 chinali kutulutsidwa chitsanzo latsopano la galimoto chimphona Lada Priora. Yotithandiza kufunika ogula 2011 m'malo "Kalina" anadza mtengo Baibulo la "Grant". Mu 2012, kupanga ikutha Baibulo kusinthidwa wa Renault Logan mtundu chilengedwe Lada Largus.

Museum wa AvtoVAZ

"AvtoVAZ" Concern ali ndi mbiri wolemera. Choncho n'zosadabwitsa kuti ali kowonera zakale yake. Iye ni mmodzi wa nyumba yaikulu ngati dziko lathu. The Museum of History ili AvtoVAZ mu Togliatti. Iwo ali odzipereka kwa odziwika bwino osati zoweta, komanso yachilendo zopangidwa "Lada".

owonetsera zakale izi ali yekha yofunika kwambiri kwa mbiri ya mbewu zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho lapansi. Pali woyamba anapangidwa pambuyo kugwa Soviet Union "Grant" chitsanzo, "Largus", "Kalina". Komanso mu nyumbayi mungapeze makina kuti salinso chinachake chimene sichiri zotsimikizira, komanso m'misewu ya dziko lathu ndi chodziwikiratu kuti muone.

Mbiri yonse ya tsiku loyamba la mbewu kwa nthawi yapano mukusungira makoma a m'nyumbayi wotchuka. Woyamba "chitumbuwa" khobiri akuyendera kudzera maukonde yakeyake kumalo a ntchito, tsopano anasonyeza pano. Izo zinali ntchito ndi mwini wake kuti zaka pafupifupi 19. Iye analipereka ilo kwa nyumbayi mu 2000, zimene anapatsidwa mphatso ya galimoto latsopano, wakhala tangoyamba kuti akugulitsa.

A ochepa mfundo zosangalatsa

A mwachidule mbiri ya AvtoVAZ chingakhale chosakwanira popanda zina zosangalatsa. Mwachitsanzo, "Field" (kapena Vaz-2121) anali yekhayo m'banja galimoto, zomwe zinayamba kugulitsidwa Japan.

mzinda umene fakitale galimoto, poyamba dzina lake Stavropol inamangidwa. Koma mu 1964 izo anadzatchedwa polemekeza Mlembi General wa Party Communist la Italy Palmiro Togliatti. Iye anafa pa ulendo ku "Artek" pa zokambirana yopanga anzake a tsogolo la msasa ana.

Chief mlengi wa "Niva" P. M. Prusov limanena kuti dzina linaperekedwa kwa galimoto ndi makalata oyambirira dzina la mwana wake wamkazi (Nina ndi Irina), komanso ana a yoyamba kupanga mlengi (Vadim ndi Andrei).

Concern lero

Pambuyo akukumana ndi mavuto kwambiri, nkhawa ndi kukhala pa mapazi ake. AvtoVAZ mbiri woyeneradi ulemu. Ndipotu, ngakhale zonse, magalimoto akubwera kuchokera malamba wake, anali chizindikiro cha chi. Mwina tsopano penapake zomwe zikutsalirazi kumbuyo anzawo yachilendo. Koma ndi njira yoyenera kusintha makampani magalimoto zidzatheke.

Tsogolo la waukulu sewerolo m'dziko lathu magalimoto kumeneko. Ndi njira yoyenera zikhoza kubweretsa phindu dziko wamkulu. Ndipotu, ngakhale ngati zitsanzo akale monga "zisanu ndi chimodzi" ndi "zisanu ndi ziwiri" mudakali kufunika monga nzika za dziko lathu, ndi m'dera la mayiko pambuyo zokomera. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito umisiri watsopano galimoto chitukuko zitsanzo latsopano ndi makhalidwe bwino ngati njira ndi kamangidwe, n'zotheka tikuona galimoto chimphona ku gawo lina.