Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: yochepa yonena kuti ana

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, kanthawi mbiri yomwe ikufotokoza maphunziro - ndi zachibadwa wotchuka, ndi Russian katswiri, malo,, anayambitsa chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha zomera nakulitsa ndi zapansi zamoyo kusankha, ndi Mlengi wa chilengedwe cha achikhalire a mabungwe kafukufuku wa sayansi, anabadwa mu Moscow pa November 25, 1887. Russian wasayansi wapanga amathandiza kwambiri sayansi, amene anazindikira akatswiri padziko lonse.

Kumulakalaka zomera ubwana

Bambo Nicholas - Ivan Ilyich - acokela ku banja wamba, iye anali wamalonda wa munalidi gulu lachiwiri komanso kuchita zinthu zosangalatsa. Patsogolo ulimi anatsogolera manufactory fakitale "Yochotsa ndi Vavilov." Amayi - Alexander M. - anali mwana wa wojambula-engraver Prohovskoy manufactory. Banja lonse, panali ana asanu, atatu amene anafa ali ana. The mng'ono wa wasayansi tsogolo - Sergei Vavilov - anapereka moyo wake kwa sayansi, lomwe linakhazikitsidwa mu Soviet sukulu sayansi Optics thupi, mu 1945-1951 anali kupita Academy of Sciences wa USSR. Mkuluyo mlongo wa Alexander anasankha njira zachipatala, kukhala kulinganiza wa Moscow Intaneti ukhondo. Lydia - mlongo wamng'ono, anaphunzira kukhala wasayansi, inali imodzi mwa Maulendo akagwire nthomba ndi kufa. Nikolai Vavilov, kanthawi yonena N'zochititsa chidwi admirers wake ntchito ya sayansi, mosiyana ndi ana ena, kuyambira paubwana ankakonda nyama ndi zomera ndi kukhala chiwopsezo mkulu sayansi. chizolowezi Izi zimathandiza kuti mabuku osoŵa, mapu ndi herbarium amene anali ndi nyumba yaikulu ya bambo ake, ndipo amalimbikitsa mapangidwe chibadwa tsogolo.

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich: yochepa yonena kuti ana

Mwa chifuniro cha Nikolai Vavilov, bambo analembetsa sukulu malonda. Akamaliza ake, mu 1906, iye anadzakhala wophunzira wa Institute of Agriculture (Agronomy mphamvu) mu Moscow. 1908 zinali zodzaza ndi wophunzira ulendo pa Transcaucasia ndi North Caucasus, kumene Vavilov N. I., yonena mwachidule zomwe zifunika kuphunzira maphunziro, anachititsa m'mayiko ambirimbiri ndiponso botanical kafukufuku. Mu 1910 zinachitika makhalidwe agronomical pa Poltava siteshoni komanso Vavilov mtengo zina ntchito zipatso.

M'nthawi ya kafukufuku pa anayambitsa propensity ntchito kafukufuku akuwonetseredwa Nicholas mobwerezabwereza; wophunzira anapereka nkhani pa mbadwo mu dziko zomera ndi Experimental kafukufuku wakapangidwe kazachilengedwe, anapereka nkhani yolembedwa za maliseche slug, kuwononga minda Moscow chigawo. Ntchito imeneyi, Nikolai Vavilov anali kupereka wa Moscow Polytechnic Museum. Nditamaliza maphunziro, adzapeza mnyamata watsala pokonzekera professorship pa Dipatimenti ya ulimi anatsimikiza ku siteshoni kuswana kwa bungweli, kumene anayamba kuphunzira kwambiri nakulitsa zomera asanazolowere bowa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Likufanana ndi ichi, Nikolay Ivanovich anaphunzitsa pa Institute for Women and Agriculture.

Ankadziwa zimene zinachitikira anzawo European

Kuyambira 1911 mpaka 1912 iye anali kuphunzira ntchito mukadali pasukulu wake pa St. Petersburg, cholinga chimene anali mozama oyamba zintchito za dzinthu adayilimira, kuphunzira makhalidwe ndi matenda awo, ndipo mu 1913 - ulendo kunja kumaliza maphunziro awo. Mu Germany, Nikolai Ivanovich ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali mu German nzeru zapamwamba zasayansi ndi zachilengedwe Ernsta Gekkelya, mu France yodziwa zikayenda latsopano mbewu kuswana mu England, anatsogoleredwa ndi Pulofesa William Bateson (Mmodzi wa geneticists wamkulu wa nthawi imeneyo), zomwe Vavilov ankaona mphunzitsi wake, anaphunzira bata ndi matenda a mbewu monga chimanga. The First World nkhondo chifukwa cha usokoneze utumiki, ndi Nikolai amayenera kubwerera ku Moscow, kumene anapitiriza ntchito yake phunziro chomera chitetezo chokwanira, akafuna kutulukira zinthu mu nurseries matauni wophatikizidwa ndi Professor Zhegalovym S. I.

Chifukwa anafa asilikali Persia Russian?

Mu 1916, Nikolai Vavilov analandira digiri mbuye pambuyo bwinobwino kudutsa mayeso; mu nthawi yomweyo, kuti asamagwire usilikali chifukwa chilema pamaso (anavulala diso kuleredwa), anawabweretsa monga mlangizi pa nkhani ya matenda misa ku Persia asilikali ankhondo Russian. Chifukwa cha matenda anali kudziwa Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich. Short yonena kuti ana 2 akufotokozera ophunzirawo kuti analowa ufa zidutswa cockle mbewu bowa Stromantinia temulenta mubale zinthu zina zimene zimachititsa chiphe mwa munthu - ndi alkaloid temulin. Chifukwa cha zochita zake zinali imfa ya chikumbumtima, khunyu, kugona, ndi chizungulire; panali kuthekera imfa. akayanjana mwa kuwalepheretsa ntchito mankhwala wamba; kamba makontena anayamba mu Russia.

Atalandira chilolezo kuchita utsogoleri wa asilikali ulendo wa, Vavilov n'kulowa Iran, kuika cholinga kuti tione zitsanzo za dzinthu m'deralo. Kufesa mbewu mu England Persian tirigu, Nikolai anayesera njira zosiyanasiyana kupatsira ake ndi powdery cinoni kutsatira asafe feteleza ingapatse matenda. zoyesayesa zonse analephera, umene asayansi anapeza kuti chitetezo cha zomera mwachindunji amadalira zinthu zachilengedwe ziriri mtundu wapachiyambi a mitundu. Inali nthawi ulendo uno, Nikolai Ivanovich anaonekera maganizo oti malamulo a kusintha chibadwa.

bwino ntchito

Chaka 1917 zinali zodzaza ndi chisankho cha Vavilov a ogwira mutu wa Dipatimenti ya Ntchito zomera pa umboni Regel R. E. Palibe asayansi amene anagwira ntchito pa chitetezo chokwanira zomera, sakanakhoza kubwera kwa kutsegula mutu pafupi nthawi yomweyo kwathunthu kuunikila nkhani, monga Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich. Short yonena kuti ana limatiuza kuti mu 1917 wasayansi anasamukira ku Saratov kumene pa Maphunziro Apamwamba a Agriculture walunjika Dipatimenti ya kuswana, chibadwa ndiponso ulimi payekha. Monga pulofesa pa Agronomy luso kuchokera 1917 mpaka 1921 mu University Saratov, Vavilov limodzi ndi nkhani anachitira kuphunzira experimental wa chitetezo chokwanira mbewu. Chifukwa cha ntchito yaikulu iyi, womwenso kuphunzira mitundu mazana angapo tirigu ndi Mapila, kusanthula m'thupi mitundu ndi chiwopsezo chifukwa cha matenda, kuwulula luso anatomical, anamukwiyira lofalitsidwa mu 1919. The monograph "The chitetezo chokwanira zomera ku matenda opatsirana."

Mu 1920, wasayansi wotchuka anapanga kufotokozera za lamulo masiyanidwe majini ija magazi kwa Chachitatu Onse-Russia Congress, Komiti kukonza amene anali kupita. lipoti wakhala mwambo waukulu wa dziko la sayansi kwachilengedwenso, ndipo analandiridwa bwino ndi anthu sayansi.

Zatsopano kafukufuku, zikayenda

Mu 1920, pambuyo kusankhidwa positi mutu wa Dipatimenti ya Ntchito zomera ndi Kusankha, Nikolai Vavilov, kanthawi yonena amene akambidwa mu mabuku ambiri, anasamukira Petrograd, kumene zinayamba lalikulu kuchita ntchito sayansi. Mutu wa bungwe, patapita anadzatchedwa Institute zomera Vavilov Onse-Union mpaka kumapeto kwa m'ma 1940. Pamodzi ndi AA Yachevskim Nikolay Ivanovich anatumizidwa ku United States kumene negotiated kotunga mbewu, kufufuza pa nthawi yomweyo, malo tirigu kukula madera US. Pobwerera wasayansi anapita Belgium, Holland, France, Sweden, England, komwe unachitikira angapo misonkhano ndi asayansi, anakumana ndi okwerera kuswana ndi Laboratories kafukufuku, anakhazikitsa kugwirizana latsopano ndipo anakonza kugula zipangizo sayansi, mabuku ndi mbewu apamwamba.

1923 zinali zodzaza ndi Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova kusankhidwa ngati Director wa Institute State wa Experimental Agronomy. Pa njira imene wasayansi mu 20s ndi ambiri okwerera kafukufuku, kuphunzira ndi kuona zosiyanasiyana zomera zothandiza analengedwa zosiyanasiyana nyengo ndi nthaka ya USSR.

Amathandiza kwambiri sayansi

Wambiri Vavilova Nikolaya Ivanovicha kumagwirizana ndi maulendo sayansi, akuyendera kuchokera 1924 mpaka 1929. Ichi ndi Afghanistan, Africa, ndi Mediterranean, Japan, China, Taiwan, Korea, imene asayansi kuwonjezera pa mndandanda wa mbewu (zikwi zitsanzo), ndi kutulutsa malo kuphunzira mbewu kukula.

Mu 1927, kwa lipoti kwambiri "zatsopano Geographical kuphunzira masiyanidwe a zomera nakulitsa mu USSR" imene Nikolai Ivanovich anapanga Rome pa msonkhano wa akatswiri a zaulimi, asayansi anapatsidwa ndi Zikho Gold, ndi Conference tinagwirizana kuti tizigwiritsa ntchito anayamba Vavilov dongosolo la mbewu Hrs padziko lonse.

Nikolai Vavilov Banja

Vavilov Nikolay Ivanovich, kanthawi yonena amene amasimba zimene anachita kwambiri mu dziko la sayansi, wakhala m'banja kawiri. mkazi woyamba anali Ekaterina Nikolaevna wasayansi Sakharov, ndi ukwati ndi amene anali ndi mwana wamwamuna, Oleg. Iye anafa zaka 28 zakubadwa mu Caucasus pa kukwera miyala. Chachiwiri mkazi - Doctor wa ulimi Sciences Katswiri Elena Barulin amene Nikolai bwino kwa nthawi ophunzira ake (1918); mtsikana nawo amayesetsa zambiri wakeyo (kuphatikizapo mu ulendo mpaka kum'mwera kum'mawa kwa Russia), kulemba nkhani, amene ali m'bukuli Vavilov pa mbewu kumunda. Banja Elena Ivanovna ndi Nikolay analengedwa mu 1926. Ku ukwati anabadwa Yuri Vavilov, amene anakhala katswiri wa sayansi thupi ndi masamu, sayansi ya nyukiliya ndipo anathandizanso kwambiri kufufuza zambiri za atate wake ndi kufalitsa awo.

Pa nkhani ya kulengedwa kwa Institute Vavilov zipatso Kukula, masamba ndi mbatata gawo, mbewu subtropical, viticulture, chakudya, mankhwala ndi zonunkhira zomera - oposa zana mabungwe sayansi. Mu 1930, Nikolai Vavilov lotsogoleredwa ndi Leningrad majini zasayansi wa USSR Academy, mu 1931 - Onse-Union Society Geographical.

Kumangidwa ndi monyenga

Wopambana ntchito padziko lonse kuzindikira Nikolaya Ivanovicha Vavilova ankabwerera iye nsanje, amene analemba kalata Stalin zonenanena ndale, omwe anali ndi udindo Vavilov kwayekha ku ulimi weniweni chirema, chiwerewere ndale zomwe Vavilov sanali kusiyanitsa adani choona cha mphamvu Soviet. khalidwe kufanana kuzunza anthu ku periodicals. Popeza 1934, Nikolai Ivanovich inaletsedwa ku anapita kudziko lina, ntchito yake anapezeka mtima.

Vavilov anamangidwa mu August 1940, mlandu ntchito potsimikizira-chosintha. Mu 1941, wasayansi anali chilango cha imfa; chiganizo linasintha mu 1942 ndi chiganizo zaka 20. Nikolai Ivanovich anamwalira ku m'ndende Saratov, anali kudwala pamene anali m'ndende chibayo wake, kamwazi; mu chaka chatha wa moyo mavuto dystrophy. Imfa chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa ntchito mtima. Atamwalira wasayansi Russian anali anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso mu 1955: ndi milandu yonse naye Kuzipeka, zonama. Kumizidwa Vavilov, Nikolai Ivanovich, kanthawi yonena kuti chidwi ambiri admirers wake, mu manda, ndi akaidi ena.