Zakudya zabwino zamkaka ndi mkaka

Mkaka wamakaka ndi zakudya zomwe zimapangidwira, zimatsimikizira kufunika kwa zakudya za ana komanso zakudya. Kuphatikizapo zakudya zoterezi, mumadzaza thupi ndi kashiamu ndi zinthu zina zamtengo wapatali. Mkaka umapangitsa munthu kukhala wathanzi komanso wokongola kwambiri.

Kodi zakudya zabwino ndi ziti?

Pokhala okhudzidwa ndi izi kapena zizindikiro zazogulitsa, ndi bwino kudziŵa chomwe iwo akutanthauza. Choncho, chakudya chamtunduwu ndi mndandanda wathunthu wa zinthu zomwe zimakhutiritsa zosowa zathupi za thupi. Nthawi zambiri, mawuwa amatanthauza mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya mu magalamu 100 a mankhwala.

Ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kufunikira kwa chiwonetsero choterechi monga kufunika kwa chilengedwe. Amadziwika ndi ma makina a amino acid omwe amapanga mankhwalawa ndi zosowa za thupi la munthu. Ponena za mphamvu yamtengo wapatali, tifunika kuzindikira kuti iyi ndiyo nambala ya kalulu yomwe imatulutsidwa panthawi yogulitsidwa ndi mankhwala.

Mkaka: mankhwala ndi mankhwala

Mkaka ndi chakudya choyamba cha munthu, chomwe chimapatsa thupi zonse zomwe mumasowa pobadwa. Chifukwa cha mankhwala ake olemera, n'zotheka kukhala ndi ntchito yogwira ntchito yamoyo. Choncho, mkaka uli ndi zinthu zotere:

• Mapuloteni;
• Mafuta;
• Mkaka wa shuga;
• Mchere wamchere;
• Madzi.

Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti izi ndizomwe zimayambitsa zida zomwe sizingatheke kukwaniritsa mkaka. Mankhwala ndi zakudya zamtundu wa zakudya zimasiyana kwambiri, malingana ndi chiyambi cha mankhwala, komanso momwe amachitira.

Mukayang'ana kwambiri mapuloteni omwe ali mumkaka, amaimiridwa ndi albumin, globulin ndi casein. Otsatirawo amathandiza kupanga mapuloteni a glycopolymacropeptide, omwe amachititsa kuti zigawo zina zikhazikike. Mapuloteni onse amadziwika mosavuta komanso amakhala ndi amino acid oyenerera thupi.

Mafuta mu mkaka ali ndi mawonekedwe a tizilombo tochepa. Ndiwo amene amapanga zonona zokonda aliyense. Mafuta a mkaka ndi 96% omwe thupi lawo limatulutsa, chifukwa cha kufalikira kwake kwakukulu. Zomwe zili m'dongosolo zimadalira nyengo (chizindikiro ichi chicheperachedwa m'nyengo ya chilimwe), komanso chikhalidwe cha kusamalidwa kwa nyama.

Poganizira chizindikiro chotero ngati chakudya, mphamvu ya mkaka, sitinganene za chigawo chokha. Iwo amaimiridwa ndi lactose. Ndiko kupezeka kwa gawoli chifukwa cha kuthekera kokonzekera mankhwala okhwima mkaka.

Mkaka wa mkaka umayesedwa ndi mavitamini apamwamba. Mankhwalawa ndi A ndi B. Mu pang'ono, pali ascorbic acid, nicotinic acid, riboflavin ndi thiamine. Mavitamini ambiri mumkaka amapezeka m'chilimwe. Ndiponso, chizindikiro ichi chingakhudzidwe ndi njira zothetsera ndi kusungirako.

Zambiri za Vitamini

Monga tanena kale, mkaka wa mkaka ndi mkaka makamaka chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa mavitamini mwa iwo. Kotero, ngati tilingalira mwatsatanetsatane mankhwalawa, tikhoza kuzindikira kupezeka kwa zigawo zotsatirazi:

Mtundu wosiyanasiyana wa mkaka

Mkaka wa mkaka umakhala wotsimikizika ndi chiyambi chake. Choncho, nyerere imatengedwa kuti ndi yopatsa thanzi. Mapuloteni ambiri ndi mafuta ndi 11% ndi 20%, motero. Koma vitamini chigawochi, katatu ndi saturated kuposa momwe mkaka wa ng'ombe umakhalira.

Zakuloteni ndizofunika kwambiri. Ndi chinthu ichi chomwe chimathandiza kuti kukula ndi kukula kwa thupi. Inde, mkaka wa amayi wokhala ndi mapuloteni okhudzana ndi 1.25% ndi wamtengo wapatali kwambiri pakamwa mkaka. Choncho, ngati pazifukwa zina muyenera kudyetsa mwana wanu ndi mankhwala ena, muyenera kuigwiritsa ntchito mu mawonekedwe osinthidwa.

Mkaka wa mkaka umakhala wotsimikizika ndi chikhalidwe cha mapuloteni omwe ali mmenemo. Choncho, ziweto zambiri (kuphatikizapo ng'ombe ndi mbuzi) zimapereka mkaka wa casein. Ndipo, mwachitsanzo, mare ndi bulu ndi albumin. Popeza ndizofanana kwambiri ndi zomwe zimapangidwa kwa amayi, mkaka uwu umakhala ngati malo abwino oyamwitsa. Ma albumin ali ndi casein zochepa, choncho munthu amatha kunena za kupuma kwake.

Mkaka Wonse

Ngakhale kuti mkaka ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimadziwika bwino kuyambira ubwana, sikuti aliyense amaganiza za kusiyana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi zizindikiro zina. Choncho, choyamba, samverani mkaka wathunthu. Chakudya chamtunduwu, pa nkhaniyi, chidzakhala chokwera kwambiri, chifukwa mankhwalawa sanaperekedwe kuchipatala chilichonse. Kupatulapo kungakhale kusokoneza, komwe kumachitika mwamsanga mutangoyamba kugwedeza.

Mkaka wonse uli ndi mavitamini ochulukirapo ndipo amafufuzira zinthu. Palinso calcium yapamwamba kwambiri, yomwe imakhudza thupi lonse. Izi zimatchedwa kuti kulimbikitsidwa kwa chitetezo cha mthupi, kuimika kwa kayendedwe ka mantha, kuthetsa kupweteka kwa mtima, kuthamanga kwa kagayidwe kameneka.

Komabe, ponena za mkaka wonse pali mawu ambiri okayika. Chifukwa cha mafuta ake okhutira, si oyenera kudyetsa ana. Ndipo pokhala wamkulu, sikuti onse akulekerera ndi mankhwalawa. Choncho, malinga ndi zomwe zatchulidwa posachedwa, kusagwirizana kwa lactose kumakhudza anthu asanu ndi limodzi padziko lapansi. Mkaka wonse ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo, ndipo ukhozanso kutengera matenda opatsirana owopsa.

Mkaka wochepa kwambiri

Chikhumbo cha kugwirizana chimapangitsa anthu kugula katundu wotchedwa "0% mafuta." Izi zakhudza mkaka. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta mmenemo sikudutsa 0.1%. Ndipotu, izi ndi zomwe zimatchedwa kusintha, zomwe zimapezeka chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mkaka wa kirimu. Ogula ayenera kukhala okondwa kuti ambiri a mkaka uwu samatumizidwa kusungirako masamulo, koma kubwerera ku minda yodyetsera ziweto.

Musayikane kwambiri ndi mankhwala monga mkaka wambiri. Chakudya chake n'chofunika kwambiri. Zakudya ndi mapuloteni, motero, 5% ndi 3%. Caloric zili ndi chizindikiro cha 35 kcal. Pa nthawi yomweyi, mkaka wotere umakhala ndi mavitamini olemera. Komabe, madokotala samalimbikitsa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito nthawi zonse.

Ndikoyenera kumvetsera mwatchutchutchu. The zakudya mtengo wa youma, skimmed mkaka ndi kwambiri kuchepetsedwa pa processing. Mukamachotsa chigawo cha mafuta, mavitamini A ndi D amachoka pamtundu wonsewo. Choncho, mapuloteni ndi kashiamu omwe amatsalira mkaka sagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi thupi. Ndikamagwiritsa ntchito mkaka wotsika kwambiri komanso wouma, thupi laumwini limatha.

Mkaka wa Mkaka: Mtengo wa zakudya

Mumzinda waukulu, simungathe kupeza zinthu zachilengedwe nthawi zonse. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu amakonda kupereka zinthu zodziwika bwino mawonekedwe abwino, mwachitsanzo, ufa. Chitsanzo chabwino ndi mkaka wouma. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa ndi wofanana ndi wa chiyambi. Koma chifukwa cha ichi muyenera kukonzekera chomwe chimatchedwa mkaka wobwezeretsedwa. Pachifukwachi, ufawu umadzipulidwa m'madzi (1: 7). Panthawi yomweyi, ndizotheka kukonzekera kefir, tchizi ndi zina zothandiza kuchokera mkaka.

Mkaka wamtengo wapatali wa mkaka umasungidwa kudzera mu njira yapadera yopangira mkaka. Kuwuma mwamsanga kumachitika, ndipo kutentha sikudutsa madigiri 40. Choncho, zinthu zonse zothandiza zimatsala. Ndipo chifukwa cha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa madzi (osapitirira 6%), kusungidwa kwa mankhwala kwa nthawi yaitali kumaperekedwa.

Chakudya cha mkaka wosungunuka

Ndikoyenera kuvomereza kuti ndi owerengeka omwe ali ndi chidwi ndi funso ngati chakudya cha mkaka wosakanizidwa. Kwa anthu ambiri, izi ndizozimene mumazikonda kwambiri. Komabe, mkaka wotsekemera si zokoma zokha, komanso mankhwala othandiza kwambiri. Choyamba, tiyenera kuzindikira mapuloteni apamwamba a mankhwalawa. Kuyikira kwake kumatha kufika 35 peresenti.

Ndipotu, mkaka wotsekemera ndi mkaka wa ng'ombe wochuluka. Nthenda yamagetsi yomaliza imakhala yochepa, koma kawirikawiri sizothandiza kwenikweni. Mkaka wosungunuka umakhudzidwa ndi thupi, umadzaza ndi calcium ndi phosphorous. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa nthawi zonse, mukhoza kulimbitsa thupi la mafupa, maso ndi kuyambitsa maganizo.

Komabe, mkaka wokwanira sungagwiritsidwe ntchito molakwika. Chowonadi n'chakuti lili ndi shuga yambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti mtengo wa caloric ukhale wapatali (328 kcal) ndi gawo lalikulu la ma carbohydrate (55.5 g). Kuchuluka kwa mankhwalawa kumathandiza kuti chitukuko cha kunenepa kwambiri, shuga ndi caries zisamangidwe.

Zotsatira za mkaka wofukiza

Zomwe zimapangidwanso, mkaka wa mkaka zimapanga mankhwalawa kukhala amodzi kwambiri. Komabe, mu mawonekedwe ake enieni, anthu ochepa amakonda izo. Anthu ambiri amakonda zakudya zamkaka wowawasa. Amangokhala ndi ubwino wokwanira mkaka, komanso amakhala ndi phindu pang'onopang'ono. Choncho, ndi bwino kulipira kwambiri zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Kefir imakonzedwa pamaziko a mkaka wosakanizidwa. Ndalama yapadera yowonjezera kwa iyo, pambuyo pake kuyesa kwayambira kumayambira. Mtengo wa mankhwalawa umadalira mtundu wonse wa mkaka. Ngati mankhwala onse amagwiritsidwa ntchito, puloteniyi imakhala pafupifupi 3%, mafuta amtundu wa 3%, ndi ma carbohydrate 4%.
• Mkaka wophika mkaka umakonzedwa kuchokera ku pasteurized mankhwala pogwiritsa ntchito mabakiteriya. Zidzakhala ndi mafuta pafupifupi ofanana ndi mafuta ndi chakudya (pafupifupi 3%) ndi 10% Zakudya. Popeza kuti mankhwalawa ndi otsika kwambiri, amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ana.
• "Belakt" imakhalanso mkaka wopangidwa ndi mkaka wopangidwa ndi mabakiteriya. Amadziwika ndi mavitamini ambiri. Chinthu chinanso cha mankhwalawa ndi kukhalapo kwa zinthu, zomwe zimakhala ngati maantibayotiki.
• "Nkhono" ndi mankhwala a mkaka wowawa, omwe tinachokera ku Armenia. Kumeneko amagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa ana. Chifukwa cha mabakiteriya apadera omwe ali ndi chotupitsa, asidi ya acidity ndi yotsika kwambiri. Ndipo, kulowa m'thupi, "Narine" amachititsa kupanga chinthu chomwe chimapangitsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kwa mapuloteni ndi mafuta mu mankhwala, motero, 3% ndi 4%, ndi chakudya - pang'ono kuposa 6%.
• Koumiss kawirikawiri imakonzedwa kuchokera mkaka wa mare. Komabe, maphikidwe amasinthidwa kuti ng'ombe idziwike. Mkaka umawonjezeredwa ndi ferment yomwe ili ndi mabakiteriya ndi yisiti. Chakudya chamadalira makamaka chimadalira kukula kwa maziko komanso kukula kwake. Zitha kukhala ndi mapuloteni 3%, mpaka 1% mafuta ndi 6% wa chakudya. Chogulitsidwacho chimathandiza kuti chimbudzi chikhale chogwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso chimakhala ndi zotsatira zovuta.
• Mtedza wa kasupe siwotchuka kwambiri wa mkaka wowawa, komanso umakonda kwambiri. Kalekale anali wokonzeka kokha mkaka wa nkhosa. Kuti mupeze yogiti, maziko ayenera kuwonjezeredwa otchedwa Wulgaria wand. Kawirikawiri, caloriki yamagulu otsirizidwa amadziwika ndi ndondomeko ya 57 kcal. Mavitamini, mafuta ndi zakudya m'kati mwake ali ndi, 4%, 2% ndi 6%. Zizindikiro izi zimasiyana, malinga ndi mtundu wa mkaka ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti yogurt yokha, yomwe ilibe mazira ndi zowonjezereka, ili ndi phindu lapadera.

Zojambula zina zotchuka

Kuyambira kalekale anthu akhala akukhudzidwa ndi funso ngati chakudya cha mkaka. Zakudya za mkaka zimayambitsa zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, pali angapo otchulidwa omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala pa tebulo, monga:

• Tchizi cha kanyumba ndi imodzi mwa zakudya zamtengo wapatali kwambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni apamwamba (pafupifupi 14%). Kukonzekera kwake kumadalira njira za lactic nayonso mphamvu. Khola limakhala ndi mkulu wa acidity. Koma chizindikiro ichi chikucheperachepera ndi kuwonjezeka kwa msinkhu wamafuta omwe apangidwa.
• Njira yopangira tchizi imadalira mpweya wa casein. Malinga ndi momwe mkaka ukugwiritsidwira, mankhwalawa akhoza kukhala ovuta, ofewa, ofewa kapena osakanikirana. Pulogalamu ya mapuloteni imatha kufika 30% (kuphatikizapo mafuta).
• Chakudya cha kirimu ndi mankhwala opangidwa pa maziko a pasteurized zonona. Ndi mafuta (chiwerengerochi chikhoza kufika 40%).

Mkaka wabwino

Mitengo yapamwamba ya mapuloteni a mkaka umatsimikizira kuti mankhwalawa ndi otchuka. Komabe, chifukwa cha zamoyo zimangothandiza kuti ndizofunika. Makhalidwe a mkaka makamaka amadalira momwe chithandizochi chinachitidwira.

Mkaka, womwe unabwera ku chomera, poyamba unkayang'ana chizindikiro cha organoleptic. Ngati izo zapezeka kuti zitsatidwe ndi miyezo, izo zimasankhidwa mosamalitsa kuchotsa zonyansa zakunja. Kuwonjezera apo, mafuta okhutirawo amawoneka mwa kuwonjezera chotsitsa kapena kirimu.

Chofunika kwambiri ndi magawo a kuperekera zakudya komanso kuperewera. Njirazi ndizofunikira kuti chiwonongeko cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso ma enzyme angapo. Motero, n'zotheka kupeza mankhwala otetezeka omwe amadziwika ndi kusungirako nthawi yaitali.

Kuthamangitsidwa kumachitika ndi Kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali. Chifukwa chake, mkaka umasintha kukoma kwake. Komanso kuzindikira kuti kuchepa kwa kashiamu kumakhala kochepa kwambiri.

Kodi mkaka umapweteka anthu?

Chakudya ndi phindu zamoyo mkaka zimapangitsa mankhwala mmodzi wa zothandiza kwambiri. Komabe, ponena za kuopsa kuti amanyamula ofunika. Mkaka akhoza kukhala gwero la matenda oopsa opatsirana. HIV angathe kulowa mankhwala kwa nyama ndi pa processing.

Mavairasi angakhale pano osati mkaka, komanso mankhwala anakonza pa maziko ake. Mu ichi makulitsidwe nthawi mabakiteriya ukuwonjezeka. Choncho, matenda owopsa kudzera mwa mkaka ziri motere:

• Phazi ndi pakamwa matenda - matenda tizilombo limene limatsutsa nembanemba mucous ndi kapepala kupuma. Iwo anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a matuza ndi zilonda. HIV ya matenda kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. Kuchotsa, muyenera kuwira mkaka kwa mphindi zosachepera 5.
• Brucellosis - matenda omwe amachititsa imfa ya pafupifupi onse machitidwe thupi. kuopsa kwake kwagona kuti pa siteji koyamba kuti atuluka pafupifupi asymptomatic. Mkaka ndi nyama ndi kachilombo brucellosis, amaloŵamo yaitali otentha ndi pasteurization wotsatira.
• TB - amakhudza makamaka dongosolo kupuma. Ngati nyama opezeka matenda amenewa, mkaka ndi kutiletsa kudya.
• matenda ena owopsa - ndi tizilombo ta matenda, matenda a chiwewe, matenda a chiwindi, mliri, ndi ena. Nyama ndi matenda adzathedwa ndi kukhalapo lamulo la dokotala ukhondo.

Pomaliza

Kuyambira masiku oyambirira a moyo wa munthu ndi katundu mkaka thupi lonse zofunika zakudya ndi mavitamini. Choncho, ntchito mankhwala ndi wosatsutsika. Kukhalabe mulingo woyenera fupa thanzi, m'mimba, mantha, ndi kachitidwe zina za thupi, mkaka limangolembedwa unkayenera kukhala mu chakudya. Nkofunika kusankha mankhwala quality, ndi lonse kapena kutungira - kuchitiridwa mosamala.

Panopa pa msika pali osiyanasiyana mkaka, amene yodziwika ndi phindu mkulu zakudya. Pakati pawo, limodzi nthawi zambiri tikhoza kupeza kwambiri zinthu amalembedwa kuti "Farm" kapena "Dziko". Mosiyana mumaganiza yapamwamba, mankhwala ayenera kuchitiridwa mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa mu mkaka alibe akukonza kutentha mankhwala ndi pasteurization, akhoza monga tizilombo toyambitsa kuti zimawononga anthu.