Zosangalatsa za ulamuliro wa Catherine Catherine 2. Nthawi 2

Ekaterina 2 m'mbiri ya Russian Ufumu - si monga wa akulu a boma yaikulu, ndi lothandiza, ndi chodabwitsa chapadera. Pamene pakhala kusintha ambiri ndi nkhondoyo. Russia Catherine nthawi - wamphamvu, kufunsira hegemony dziko.

Kodi zambiri timamva za Catherine Wamkulu?

Ana wosathokoza. Mwina n'chifukwa chake "chidwi kwambiri" mfundo za Catherine 2 ikukhudzana, monga ulamuliro, zina nefarious a moyo wake wake, gawo la chotheka, nthano zongopeka malirime zoipa.

Munthu wapakati pa msewu "chabe amene akudziwa" iye anali mayi wa mphamvu wachikondi, chiwawa (munthu wapha, serdeshnogo), ndipo ngakhale opotoka, nayenso. anthu okonda Catherine 2, yoyamba anakumbutsa Grigory Potemkin, akhala kuyambira kukhala ndi byword. Zimachitika ake, ndi mapwando zakutchire, kujambula mtundu wa Russian Mfumukazi Messalina, koma kanthu koposa zopeka, palibe umboni wa kunena ngati kulibe.

Kunena okondedwa

Kunena, ndithudi, iye anali ambiri. Ngakhale pamaso kuchotsedwa kwa mphamvu ya Paulo III, mu 50s oyambirira, iye anakwanitsa kubweretsa Saltykov, Alonda kapitawo. Pamene, mu 1754, anabadwa tsogolo Mfumu Paulo Ine, panali kulimbikira mphekesera kuti bambo ake sanali Russian autocrat. Komabe, palibe umboni ichi.

Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Catherine 2 okonda zambiri zinasintha. Patatha zaka zisanu chiyambi cha chibwenzi ndi Saltykov Mfumukazi mokoma kucheza ndi Poniatowski, kuti adzakhale mfumu ya Poland. Pambuyo wina khumi theka kumayambiriro 60s 'anakhala wokonda ake Grigori Orlov, amene kunathandiza ake kuti akagwire mphamvu.

Analephera ukwati - zokhumba

Ndi mwamuna wake, Peter III, Catherine asapita sanali kukhala. Zambiri zalembedwa zoti mfumu Russian anali munthu wonyanyuka ndi infantile, ndipo malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena, zinali mavuto mwangwiro kuchipatala psyche lapansi. mkazi wake, sanawaphe chirichonse, iye amakhala momasuka ndi ankakonda wake, Vorontsova, ndipo mu 1762 mavuto kwa akazi malamulo kusanduka autocrat pachiswe njira: iye nthawi zonse mantha athamangitsidwe kapena ngakhale imfa.

Part wa kulanda boma, amene anapanga tsogolo autocratic Mfumukazi Catherine 2, anali kuponya preemptive kunja "kapena Ine, kapena iye ine" zino. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti Peter III sanasangalale wotchuka kwambiri. Catherine analengeza Mfumukazi (zinachitika m'chipindacho Izmailovsky) St. Petersburg chakumene ndi chisangalalo. Komabe, chizindikiro cha Catherine 2 anali osonyeza: N'zoonekeratu wochenjera, wanzeru, mkazi ophunzira, iye bwino pamodzi wachifumu kuposa mwamuna wake odious.

zokhumba anali anapima kuti kusapezeka kwa mfumu, amene anapita (kuti vuto lanu) mu Oranienbaum. Atadziwa za antics wa banja, Peter III anali kuyesera kukambirana naye, koma mwatsopano anaphika Catherine 2, ndipo sanafune kuti aganizire za zokambirana za. mfumu anakakamizika amatula pansi mpando wachifumu - ndipo dzulo Prussian Mfumukazi Sophia Augusta Frederica anakhala lamanja adzakonze dziko lalikulu.

chisamaliro anzeru

Komabe, si chilungamo kulankhula za mphamvu zonse: Catherine anakakamizika zingafunike mosamala ndi diso pa chilengedwe. mapeto kuyesera kukhala paokha, popanda kukhulupirira iye anadziwa momwe izo ziliri, izi zikhoza ndi kusiya.

Mfumukazi mwamtheradi anafuna kukangana ndi wina aliyense, ndipo ngati ife kuyang'ana kwa zosangalatsa za Catherine 2, ndiye onetsetsani kuti amatchula kuti aliyense okonda iye anakangana mapepala atatu. Pamene sanali titsatire okondedwa a dzulo, sanali pansi manyazi zinazi. kalembedwe lake kulankhulana ndi nzika simungathe gombeli: Mfumukazi anali wosamala, kugwirizana, kusintha kwa interlocutor lapansi.

chilengedwe waluntha

Akuti mfumu amachita Maapatimenti. Mmene izi, wofanana Catherine 2 olamulira sanakhalepo ku Russia. Ziri ngati wina aliyense amadziwa kuzindikira luso la anthu pa iye. Osati chabe pa ulamuliro wa Catherine 2 zinali zodzaza ndi zikamera wa angapo otchuka anthu. Ndithu luso munthu Mfumukazi akanakhoza kukhululukira kwambiri.

A chitsanzo chapadera ndi ubwenzi wake ndi zokongola Aleksandrom Vasilevichem Suvorovym, amene, monga ife tikudziwira, mawu ake osati kukwera, ndipo tingati anali m'malo ankakangana nonconformist. Monga momwe Mfumukazi anali kulankhula chinenero chimodzi ndi anthu ake kwambiri, izo zikusonyeza ndi makalata mwachidule potsata adani wopambana wa mkulu lodziwika bwino wa Warsaw. Wopambana mwayi, opanda sumnyashesya, analemba kuti dona wake: "Hurray! Warsaw wathu "- ndipo ndinalandira yankho mofanana laconic:" Hurray! Field polimbana Suvorov! "

M'badwo wa Choonadi ndi serfdom

Nthawi zina tiyenera kuwerenga za izo zonse zoyesayesa maphunziro Catherine, kukopana ake ndi Voltaire ndi zinthu zina owolowa manja zosaposa chonyenga. Kuti mfundo zachititsa kuti kulimbitsa serfdom, potsiriza muukapolo wamba kale Kalanga. N'zokayikitsa kuti zimenezi mawonedwe chomveka, chifukwa motetezera "ankaimba" kunena zina zosangalatsa kwambiri za Catherine 2. Mwachitsanzo, amene ndi midzi yake oposa mazana awiri anaonekera pa mapu a Russia ndi anthu chawonjezeka ndi wachitatu (opitirira mamiliyoni 10).

Mu yachokera Catherine anasonyeza mawunikidwe ambiri pa mutu wa chiyembekezo chakuti a serfdom, ndi embodiments zosiyanasiyana kukonzanso uku, koma sanali kukhala.

Mogwirizana ndi zokonda

Pamaso kumudzudzula mfumukazi, ayenera Komabe, kumbukirani kuti "zaluso" zimavuta kuti anakumana ndi kukondwa mwa nzika Russian, ndi kukangana ndi olemekezeka amphamvu Mfumukazi sanafune, chifukwa mphamvu ya unali kuchokera thandizo lawo ndipo iye anali kuyesera kamodzinso kuti mkwiyo wawo otchuka nzika.

Catherine ulamuliro pamene 2 sikuli chabe amatchedwa "golide zaka otchuka ndi": Grand Mfumukazi anapereka makalata setifiketi otchuka, enshrines maudindo kalasi, ndi kuchitira awo "atumiki" mosamala kwambiri ndi mosamala. Amadziwika Mwachitsanzo, kuti Mfumukazi anali aafupi kwambiri mtima, koma waphunzira zithetsedwe zowawa zake ndipo anali kale ndi zochita mopupuluma, kuyembekezera mkwiyo adzakhala kuchepa.

Mwina yekha malo otchuka amene anazunzidwa ndi Catherine, anali Orthodox atsogoleri. Mfumukazi bwinobwino "logwedezeka" tidakhala woyera dziko sankayenera kukhoma msonkho ndi anasamutsa obisika serfs mu udindo wa boma (motero, monga anthu ambiri amakhulupirira, kwambiri atsogolere chotenga mbali, ndiwo anthu zosachepera miliyoni).

Zikayenda bwino ndi kupambana

mfundo ovutika mu nthawi ya Catherine 2 anali pa mpira (makamaka poganizira mlingo wa chitukuko cha lamulo la chirengedwe padziko lonse). Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi osachepera chakuti pa nthawi yonse ya ulamuliro wake, kunali munthu mmodzi yekha anaphedwa. Koma panalibe aliyense adzakana kumvetsa Russian autocrat, chifukwa kunapezeka kuti wosasangalala Emelyan Pugachev, Adadzipatula "chozizwitsa wopulumuka" Mfumu Peter III ndi Catherine kupulumutsa keg mavuto ambili mu mawonekedwe a zikuluzikulu wamba kugalukira. Chimene_chimene, ndi mphamvu ya Mfumukazi sanali kupita nawo.

Iye analamulira dziko zake mwanzeru ngati n'kotheka, zonse kudandaula za chitukuko ake, kulimbitsa Russian malo pa dziko lonse. Mokomera nkhani yolembedwa, kuti mfundo zambiri zokhudza Catherine 2, chifukwa chiwerengero cha makampani mafakitale kuyamika kusintha wake kawiri kuti Ufumu anagwirizana Crimea, kupambana kwakukulu wakhala akwaniritsa mu Caucasus. The mfundo yachilendo ya mfumukazi ya chinali chosayenera, amene mantha kwambiri ena a ku Ulaya.

wosaiwalika

Ntchito yonse ya mkazi wamkulu uyu ananena kuti iye ankatsogoleredwa makamaka mwanzeru - lochititsa chidwi kwambiri, kusintha, wopanda tsankho. Kodi amphamvu ndi lotseguka mumaganiza atsopano anali chizindikiro cha Catherine 2, ikusonyeza mbiri ya katemera ndi nthomba, amene Mfumukazi tidamchita iye ndi mwana wake (wolowa kuti, mwa zina, ufumu). Zinali kuchita moona mtima, lomwe ndi limodzi mwa masitepe kwa chiwonongeko cha matenda oopsa, kutchetcha mizinda kamodzi lonse.

anatchulidwa mwapadera ayenera mfumukazi ndi achipembedzo kulolerana: ngati si anathamangitsa ndi zikhulupiriro zina, Abuda ndi oyamikira ngakhale analengeza kuti chimodzi cha mawonetseredwe a White Tara (chimene njira).

Choncho, kugawikana mudziwe aliwonse za Catherine 2, Olemba kunena zauve kusonyeza okha umbuli wawo. Kwa nthawi, kuti analidi wolamulira wamkulu, anachita zinthu zambiri kwa Russia. Kupambana makhalidwe ake wosatsutsika ndi - ndi akukokomeza kwambiri.