Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi anthu

Sika ndi madzi omveka omwe alibe mtundu. Ichi ndi chinsinsi cha glands, zomwe zimagawidwa m'kamwa. Zimapereka lingaliro la kulawa, kulimbikitsa kufotokozera, kumawotcha chakudya chotafunidwa. Kuwonjezera apo, phula ili ndi mabakiteriya, imatsuka pakamwa, imateteza mano kuti asapweteke. Chifukwa cha mavitamini omwe amapezeka pamsana, chimbudzi chimayambira pakamwa. Nkhaniyi idzagwira ntchito ndi machitidwe a anthu.

Zizindikiro za glands zopusa

Matenda ameneŵa omwe ali m'mbali mwa chigawo cha m'mimba amathandizira kuonetsetsa kuti thupi la munthu lili bwino komanso kuthandizira mwachindunji ndondomeko ya kudya. Mankhwala opangira mankhwala amagawanika kukhala ang'onoang'ono ndi aakulu. Yoyamba imaphatikizapo chilankhulo, molar, labial, lingual, palatine, koma ife timakhala ndi chidwi kwambiri ndi matope akuluakulu, chifukwa salivation makamaka amapezeka mwa iwo.

Zisokonezo izi zimaphatikizapo zilinganizo, submaxillary, glands za parotid. Yoyamba, motere kuchokera pa dzina, ili mu khola la hyoid pansi pa oral mucosa. Mankhwalawa ali m'munsi mwa mthungo. Zazikuluzikulu ndizozizira zamtunduwu, zopangidwa ndi maululendo angapo.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ting'ono tomwe timapanga sinsinsi, timapanga chinsinsi chapadera, ndipo timatontho timapanga pamene chinsinsichi chimakhala chosakanikirana ndi zinthu zina.

Zamoyo zamakono

Saliva ali ndi msinkhu wa aciditi wa 5.6 mpaka 7.6 ndipo ndi 98.5 peresenti ya madzi, komanso imakhala ndi zinthu zina, mchere wa mankhwala osiyanasiyana, mavitamini a zitsulo zamchere, ma vitamini, lysozyme ndi mavitamini ena. Zomwe zimapangidwira m'thupi ndizo mapuloteni omwe amapangidwa m'magulu amchere. Mapuloteni ena amachokera ku seramu.

Enzyme

Pa zinthu zonse zomwe zimapanga mtundu wa anthu, chidwi chachikulu chimayimilidwa ndi michere. Izi ndi zinthu zakuthupi zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni, omwe amapangidwa m'maselo a thupi ndikufulumizitsa mankhwala omwe akuchitika mwa iwo. Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti mu michere mulibe kusintha kwa mankhwala, zimakhala ngati zowonjezera, koma nthawi imodzimodziyo zimapitirizabe kusinthika.

Kodi ma enzyme ndi mbali ziti zamatumbo? Ambiri ndi maltase, amylase, ptyalin, peroxidase, oxidase ndi mapuloteni ena. Amagwira ntchito zofunika: amalimbikitsanso kudyetsa chakudya, amapanga mankhwala oyambirira, amapanga chakudya chapadera komanso mankhwala amtengo wapatali - muvundi. Kuti tiwone mosavuta, mavitamini omwe amapanga saliva amachititsa kuti chakudya chikhale chodyeramo komanso kudutsa m'mimba kudzera m'mimba. Ndikoyenera kukumbukira kamodzi kokha: chakudya chokhazikika ndi pakamwa pokhapokha kwa masekondi makumi awiri kapena makumi atatu, kenaka chimalowa mmimba, koma mitsempha yodalirika ngakhale zitapitirira kukhala ndi zotsatira pa chakudya cha chakudya.

Malingana ndi kafukufuku wa sayansi, mavitamini ambiri amakhudza chakudya kwa pafupi maminiti makumi atatu, mpaka mphindi imene mimba ya mimba imayambira.

Zina mwazolembazo

Anthu ambiri m'matumbo ali ndi antigen, zomwe zimagwirizana ndi ma antigen. Zinazindikiranso mapuloteni enieni - phosphoprotein, omwe amapanga mapangidwe a mano ndi tartar, ndi salivoprotein, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti phosphorocalcium ipangidwe mano.

Pang'ono ndi pang'ono, mankhwalawa amaphatikizapo kolesterolini ndi esters, glycerophospholipids, mafuta omasuka, mahomoni (estrogens, progesterone, cortisol, testosterone), komanso mavitamini osiyanasiyana ndi zinthu zina. Mavitamini amaimiridwa ndi anions a ma chlorides, mabicarbonates, iodides, phosphates, mabromid, fluorides, cations of sodium, magnesium, iron, potassium, calcium, strontium, mkuwa, etc.. Saliva, kuthira chakudya ndi kuchepetsa chakudya, zimapangitsa kuti pakhale chakudya chokwanira ndipo chimapangitsa kuti chimbudzi chikhale chosavuta. Chakudya chitatha kuthiridwa ndi chinsinsi chimaikidwa kuchipatala choyamba chomwe chili m'kamwa, pamene ma α-amylase chakudya amagawidwa pang'ono mpaka maltose ndi dextrins.

Ntchito

Takhala takhudza kale ntchito za saliva, koma tsopano tilankhula za iwo mwatsatanetsatane. Choncho, zilondazi zinayamba kubisika, zinkasakanikirana ndi zinthu zina ndi kupanga maphala. Nchiyani chikuchitika kenako? Madzi amayamba kukonzekera chakudya chakumapeto kwa duodenum ndi m'mimba. Komanso, mavitamini onse omwe ali mbali ya phula, amachititsa nthawiyi kugawanika, kugawidwa m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono (monosaccharides, maltose), zigawo zina za mankhwala (polysaccharides, mapuloteni, chakudya).

Pakati pa kufufuza kwasayansi kunavumbulutsidwa kuti, kupatula chakudya chodyanitsa, magulu a anthu ali ndi ntchito zina zofunika. Choncho, imatulutsa mchere ndi mano kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso mankhwala omwe amatulutsa thupi. Ntchito yotetezera imakhala ndi ma immunoglobulins ndi lysozyme, omwe ndi mbali ya mapangidwe a nyamakazi. Chifukwa cha ntchito zachinsinsi, mankhwala am'kati amakhala osakanikirana, ndipo izi zimakhala zofunikira kuti zitsulo zamtundu umodzi zithetsedwe pakati pa phula ndi mlomo.

Zambiri zosiyana

Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mankhwala amtundu zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi msanga komanso chikhalidwe cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Mwachitsanzo, pogwiritsira ntchito maswiti, ma cookies, mlingo wa lactate ndi shuga mu sikhala wothira pang'onopang'ono kumawonjezera. Pochita masewera olimbitsa thupi, mpweya wa sodium, mabicarbonates amachepa kwambiri, mlingo wa ayodini ndi potaziyamu umachepa pang'ono. Mankhwala omwe amasuta amakhala ndi thiocyanates ambirimbiri poyerekeza ndi osasuta.

Zokhudzana ndi zinthu zina zimasiyana ndi matenda ena. Mankhwalawa amachititsa kusintha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku ndipo zimadalira zaka, mwachitsanzo, okalamba, calcium imakula kwambiri. Kusintha kungayambidwe ndi kumwa mowa ndi kumwa mankhwala. Choncho, kuchepa kwakukulu kumakhala kosavuta panthawi yotha madzi; Pa matenda a shuga, kuchuluka kwa shuga kumakula; Pankhani ya uremia, zotsalira zowonjezera nayitrogeni zimakula . Pamene makinawo amasintha, chiopsezo cha matenda a mano ndi matenda obisala amakula.

Zosamala

Muyeso kwa tsiku mu munthu wamkulu amagawanika mpaka malita awiri a saliva, motero chiwerengero cha kusungunuka sizunifolomu: Panthawi ya maloto sizing'ono (mu mphindi zosachepera 0,05 milliliters), podzuka - mu miniti pafupifupi 0,5 milliliters, pa kukakamizika kwa salivation - Mphindi mpaka 2.3 milliliters. Chinsinsi chomwe chimadulidwa ndi mtundu uliwonse m'kamwa chimasakanikirana ndi chinthu chimodzi. Mankhwalawa amadziwika ndi kupezeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, timagulu ta mitsempha (ma lekocytes omwe amalowa m'kamwa mwachisawawa makamaka pogwiritsa ntchito chingamu) komanso maselo osokonezeka. Kuphatikizidwa kwa phula, kuwonjezerapo, kumaphatikizapo kutuluka pamphuno, kumatenda, erythrocyte.

Zizindikiro za salivation

Salivation imayang'aniridwa ndi dongosolo lodzidzimitsa la mantha. Mu medulla oblongata ndi malo ake. Pomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu asamangokhalira kupweteka, amayamba kupanga phula zambiri, zomwe zimakhala ndi mapuloteni otsika kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, kusonkhezera mwachifundo kumabweretsa chitetezo cha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.

Kupatukana kwa mitsempha kumachepetsa chifukwa cha mantha, nkhawa, kutaya thupi, zimangotsala pang'ono kugona pamene munthu wagona. Kupititsa patsogolo kupatukana kumapezeka pansi pa chilakolako cha kulawa ndi zochititsa chidwi komanso chifukwa cha kusakanikirana komwe kumapangidwa ndi zakudya zazikulu pafunafuna.