Zizindikiro za HIV

Masiku ano, kachilombo ka HIV kaŵirikaŵiri kamayankhulidwa, koma anthu ambiri ali ndi zochepa zokwanira za izo. Aliyense wamvapo za kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a munthu, koma kutali ndi aliyense amamvetsa bwino kusiyana kwake ndi Edzi, kodi zizindikiro zazikulu za HIV, momwe angatumizire ndi zomwe siziripo, etc. Asanatchule zizindikiro zazikulu za HIV ndi Njira za kusamutsidwa kwake, nkoyenera kufotokozera mfundo zazikuluzikulu.

HIV sizongopeka ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda. Vutoli ndilo la banja la retroviruses ya RNA. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa timasanduka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Matenda omwe amabweretsa kachilombo ka HIV kumatchedwa kachilombo ka HIV.

Gawo lotsiriza la matendawa ndi Edzi. Panthawiyi pa chitukuko cha matendawa, chitetezo cha mthupi chimadwalitsidwa ndi boma kotero kuti silingathe kulimbana ndi mtundu uliwonse wa kachilomboka. Zotsatira zake, zilizonse, ngakhale matenda ang'onoang'ono chifukwa chofooka chitetezo chowopsa zingayambitse zotsatira zake.

Kodi HIV ikuwonetsa kuchuluka kotani? Chimodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa HIV kukhala nthendayi yowonjezereka ndi nthawi yomwe nthawi yomwe imatulutsa kachilombo ka HIV kamadziwonekera. Chowonadi ndi chakuti nthawi yochepa ya matenda ikhoza kukhala motalika kwambiri. Pali zizindikiro pamene zizindikiro za HIV zisanawonetsere zaka 20. Inde, izi sizili choncho nthawi zonse. Kawirikawiri, padziko lapansi, malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, pali odwala mamiliyoni makumi anayi. Ku Russia mu 2011, matenda okwana 664 976 omwe anali ndi kachilomboka anali olembetsedwa.

Zizindikiro za HIV zingadziwonetsere posakhalitsa. Pofuna kudziwa kuti munthu ali ndi kachilombo ka HIV, kufufuza kwapadera kumachitika. Zimaphatikizapo kupezeka kwa ma antibodies ku HIV. Ngati pali ma antibodies m'magazi, izi zimasonyeza matenda ndi matenda. Ngati palibe ma antibodies, ndibwino kuti mubwereze kuyesa magazi pambuyo pa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, chifukwa ma antibodies sakuwonekera nthawi yomweyo. Ngati zotsatira zowonjezera zimapezeka, kawiri kawiri kayezeso kamagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mayeso ena - immunoblotting.

Chekeyi amachokera chifukwa chakuti zotsatira zabodza zimatheka ngati munthu amene alibe kachilombo ka HIV kamakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino. Patatha masabata angapo, munthu amakhala ndi matenda a febrile, omwe zizindikiro zotsatirazi zikhoza kuchitika:

- kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha,

- pakhosi,

- kusanza,

- kutsekula m'mimba,

- kugona,

- kudandaula,

- malaise,

Tsamba pakhungu, ndi zina zotero.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, maselo a HIV m'magulu a febrile akuwonjezeka chifukwa chosadziwika. Zizindikiro izi zimadutsa, ndipo pakubwera gawo lokhalitsa, limene lingathe miyezi iwiri, ndipo lingathe kukhala nthawi yayitali, monga momwe tanenera pamwambapa. Pambuyo pa gawoli, pali chitukuko cha HIV, chomwe chimatchedwa AIDS.

Pali zizindikiro zosiyana za Edzi: Kutaya thupi, kupweteka kwambiri, kupweteka pamtima, kupuma pang'ono, kutsegula m'mimba, herpes, chifuwa chachikulu cha TB, toxoplasmosis, kutupa kwa mucosa wamlomo, ndi zina zotero.

HIV ingaperekedwe m'njira zotsatirazi:

- pogonana, kuphatikizapo pakamwa;

- Pakubadwa kwa mwana ndi mayi amene ali ndi kachilombo koyambitsa matenda a immunodeficiency;

- Pamene khanda likuyamwitsa amayi omwe ali ndi kachirombo ka HIV;

- pogwiritsira ntchito timipiringi tomwe timayambitsa matendawa;

- kupyolera mwa kuikidwa magazi;

- kudzera pakhungu loonongeka.

Kuonjezerapo, tiyenera kutchula momwe tingapewere matendawa. HIV siingathe kutenga kachilombo ka HIV: kukwapula, kugwirana, kugwirizanitsa, ndi zina. Izi, poyambirira, ndizofunika kuti pasakhale kusiyana ndi kusonyeza chidani kwa anthu omwe ali ndi matendawa.

Dziyang'anire nokha ndipo yesetsani kuteteza okondedwa anu ku mavuto.