Wolamulira Reserve. State Nature Biosphere Reserve

Mu 1741, kukaona motsogozedwa ndi mkulu Vitus Bering, anapeza Islands Commander. Kwa nthawi yaitali iwo anali anthu ochepa. Atsamunda loyamba anayamba creoles ndi Aleuts, amene anayamba kufufuza pachilumba cha 1825. Lero mudzi wa Nikolskoye pa Bering Island - Aleut mudzi okha la Russia.

Mbiri ya malo a

Mu nthawi lachifumu Mtsogoleri Islands anali ubweya ogulitsa kwa chuma cha mfumukazi. Kusalankhula kufunika kwa nyama kwachititsa kuti zoopsa a zisindikizo, amene achepetsa chiwerengero chawo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX, ntchito inayambika rookeries chitetezo malamulo woyamba pa ulimi wa zisindikizo ubweya ndi otters nyanja kuyamba. Control pa nsomba awo anali ovomerezeka mu 1911.

Kwambiri bwino zinthu pa nthawi Union. Mu 1958 analetsa nsomba mailosi sate kuzungulira zisumbu. The malo oyamba zofunika dera anaonekera padziko lapansi lino mu 1980.

dzina "Commander National Park" ndi udindo wa Federal analandira mu April 1993. Mu 2002 iye analandira udindo wa "biosphere" imene ili pansi UNESCO chitetezo.

malo

Commander Reserve lili North Pacific. m'gawo lake ndi njanjira pa kum'mwera kwa Nyanja ya Bering. Commander Islands - ndi kumadzulo malekezero a chilumba cha Aleutian Arc. Iwo ndi chimake cha zitunda m'madzi ndi zigwirizana zilumba 15 zamitundu yosiyanasiyana.

Kamchatka, Islands Commander

Kwenikweni izo freestanding miyala yaing'ono. Yaikulu ya iwo - chilumba cha Bering. pachimake apamwamba - phiri Steller, amene kutalika mamita 755. Komanso ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa chilumba kwabasi zamkuwa. Ndi lathyathyathya ndi otsika chilumba.

Komandorskii-Aleutian Arc lopangidwa ndi mwala chiphala. Pa zilumba zimenezi, ntchito chiphala si mapulani ndi zivomezi kuchitika nthawi zambiri. Izi inagwedezeka zazing'ono (wamwanayo 5-6).

Reserve "Commander": kufotokoza

Iye ndi Mtsogoleri zilumba. Izi dera Aleutian (Kamchatka Krai). Pamafunikanso ndi madzi m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Bering Nyanja ndi Pacific Ocean. Malo okwana m'dera limeneli - mahekitala 3.648.679. m'gawo Izi zikuphatikizapo mahekitala 3.463.300 a m'dera nyanja ndi 185 379 ha wa dziko.

malo ili kum'mwera kwa chilumba cha Bering. Komanso, pamafunika Arius Stone Island ndi mkuwa Island, amene anakonza mu gulu yaying'ono kum'mawa kwa Kamchatka.

Commander Reserve lagawidwa m'magawo, amene kutetezedwa amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana:

• kutetezedwa pachimake, komwe ntchito anthu akuletsedwa, ndi phukusi ake mu njira zachilengedwe;
• mabacteria gawo lotetezedwa, amene analola nsomba zochepa ndi tsankho ntchito zachuma.

nyengo

Commander Islands ali neledovitoy kum'mwera kwa Nyanja Bering. Apa ndi wokongola ozizira m'chilimwe ndi nyengo ndi wofatsa. Pafupifupi mwezi uliwonse pali masiku pamene mphepo ikuwomba pa zilumba ndi liwiro lalikulu - makilomita oposa 108 pa ola limodzi.

Zolinga ndi ntchito za m'dera limeneli

Pa malo Mtsogoleri zimene wapatsidwa ntchito yeniyeni:

• chitetezo cha malo achilengedwe ndipo madzi m'madzi pafupi izo, kusunga boma zachilengedwe zinthu zachilengedwe;
• kafukufuku, kasamalidwe amafotokoza za chilengedwe;
• polojekiti chilengedwe komanso maphunziro a zachilengedwe;
• oyamba mu dera la biosphere malo makhalidwe kasamalidwe kuti musamuononge chilengedwe ndipo alibe kuchepetseratu kwachilengedwenso;
• kulimbikitsa chitetezo cha mbiri, chikhalidwe ndi mitundu cholowa.

Chifukwa zosiyanasiyana zamoyo zomera zam'madzi ndi zomera, madzi si yozizira koopsa m'nyengo yozizira m'dera ndi malo kudyetsa mbalame zambiri madzi, pamaso pa zatsala pang'ono kutha, kawirikawiri ndi kuderako mbalame ndi nyama. Kamchatka dera alibe ofanana kufunika malo.

zomera

The nyama ndi zomera za dera kumaphatikizapo mitundu 383 ya zomera mtima ndi 158 - algae. Kudzera Commander Islands, kum'mawa malire a gawo, kumene 93 mitundu ya zomera zosapezekapezeka kufalikira. Palibe nkhalango. Pa Msikiti Commodores chogwidwa Titafika pamalo. Only zina angapezeke kuno atachuluka chitsamba chilichonse rowan ndi msondodzi. Pansipa iwo akukula Swedish dogwood, luazeleriya recumbent, wakuda crowberry, phyllodoce Aleutian ndi buluu.

Udzu mu malo akuimira anemone raznotsvetkovoy, koyilo viviparous, goldthread atatu sheeted, horsetail wintering. Anemone raznotsvetkovaya zambiri akuvutika chifukwa cha kukongola kwake. maluwa ovuta nthawi zambiri anathetsa kupanga bouquets, ngakhale kuti chomera chakupha.

Palinso zitsamba zina: Siberia mlombwa, honeysuckle ndi chilombo ananyamuka tupoushkovy edible.

Mu meadows ndi kukula sedge dlinnoostistaya, Dactylorhiza spinous, horsetail, geranium pushistotsvetkovaya Iris setosa, tsitsi udzu tortuous.

nyama

Reserve wolamulira zimaonetsa lalikulu zosiyanasiyana za nyama. Pali ndiwo anawerengedwa mitundu 25 ya nyama zakuthengo, 25 - nsomba, 213 - mbalame. Nyama lapadziko, pali mitundu isanu ndi umodzi kuno. Izi ndi mink American, buluu nkhandweyo Mednovskiy, imvi makoswe, red-amatidwa vole, nyumba mbewa, ndi mphalapala. Iwo onse padziko Bering Island.

Makamaka odziwika bwino chikhalidwe malo otetezedwa ndi rookeries lalikulu la nyama za m'madzi, mikango nyanja ndi kumpoto mikango nyanja. Nyama zimenezi kupanga olowa rookery - zikwi masango pa gombe.

Zisindikizo a mitundu ya zisindikizo opindika m'makona. Ichi ndi ochuluka kuposa m'madzi mitundu, amene analemekeza malo mu dziko. Kumpoto mikango nyanja (mikango) ndi ochepa Komandorsky malo. Mabanga zisindikizo - zisindikizo ali osowa ndithu nyama Islands. Iwo amakhala pa miyala ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi ovuta kwa chilumbachi. Izi nyama zam'madzi okongola kwambiri ndi chisomo ndi mtundu variegated.

Anthurium - wotchedwa chilumba zisindikizo cha gulu la zisindikizo. Nthawi zina nyama amatchedwa "chisindikizo-maluwa" chifukwa cha mtundu zachilendo khungu: pa bulauni kapena mdima imvi maziko anamwazikana lalikulu chikasu ndi woyera yamawangamawanga mu mawonekedwe a mphete. Anthurium - nyama zina, kotero iwo kukuteteza boma.

Kamchatka (Russia) makamaka anthu moyo m'madzi. Commander uyu beaked chinsomba, amakhala wamtali, kumpoto Nangumiyu, ndi ena.

Mu Komandorsky Reserve amateteza anthu kuderako a buluu nkhandweyo (nkhandweyo kumalo ozizira). Moyo wa nyama zimenezi ndi zonse za kuopsa ndi wosachiritsika kulimbana. Pafupifupi 40% ya ana agalu nkhandwe buluu akuphedwa. Ena mwa iwo kuphwanya kwa miyala, iwo kupha adani zikuluzikulu.

mbalame

Reserve Commander - kukaikira mazira malo a nyanja ndi madzi mbalame, komanso siteji ya waterfowl ndi mbalamezi zimatani kuti zikhale pa kusamuka. Chimphamba chisa zilumba, glaucous mapiko gull, peregrine kabawi, red-Clitocybe.

Zonse chisa pano za miliyoni mbalame, oimira naintini mitundu. Ambiri fulmars, murre wamba, guillemots wakuda wamba, hatchets. Fulmars ndi dzina lake chifukwa mwachimbulimbuli ndi: iwo sali owopa anthu. hatchets A, kapena malekezero akufa, wotchedwa chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo wa mulomo, amene ndi ofanana kwambiri hatchet a. Ali wachiwiri dzina - Zinkhwe nyanja. Pa nthawi imene mating, mtundu kale yowala nkhuku zina zodabwitsa.

Mu chakudya, mbalame akhoza kuyenda pansi pa madzi poipa kwambiri (10 m). Iwo kukhala pansi pa madzi kwa mphindi ziwiri, nsomba, yaitali anagwira si anamasulidwa. Iwo imodzi ungasunge kukamwa kwake kwa nsomba 12.

zokopa alendo

Masiku ano, nambala yaikulu nzika anzathu ndi alendo ochokera m'mayiko kubwera ndikusunga Commander, kuti amasirira chilengedwe zodabwitsa malo amenewa. Mu malo ndi m'bungwe kukwera njinga kuti kuthandiza kuzindikira zosiyanasiyana zinyama ndi zomera. Njira kuthamanga pa Bering Island ndi mkuwa bwino mbalame zilumba Toporkov ndi shonale Kamen.

Komanso, apa mutha kuona malo mbiri amene amafotokoza za mbiri ya dziko lathu. Mu November 1741 ndi paketi-bwato "Saint Peter", umene unatsogolera Commander Vitus Bering, anachotsedwa pa miyala m'mphepete mwa nyanja pa chimvula cha mphepo.

Zilumba, amene pambuyo dzina Commander, anakhala gawo la Russia, komanso Alaska ndi zilumba zina zonse za Aleutian Arc. Ndipo chimodzimodzi chipululu chilumba, dzina lake Bering Island, anakhala pothawirapo yotsiriza mtsogoleri wamkulu ndi anzake okhulupilika.

Mu 1867, Alaska ndi zilumba Aleutian anagulitsidwa kwa US, ndi kokha inaccuracy mu umboni wa deta Hrs mu mgwirizano, ankaona chilumba chakhala nawo kwa Russia.

Pambuyo zofukulidwa m'mabwinja (1922), wotchuka ulendo msasa ndi manda anatulukira. Izo zinali kuchitikira reburial wa gulu ndi wa Commander Bering. Kuyambira pamenepo, Bay Commander wakhala wokongola kwambiri kwa alendo amene akufuna kulambira opandamantha Russian ofufuza wachiwiri Kamchatka ulendo.

malo mode

Ngakhale nyengo nkhanza umakhala ndi ofunitsitsa kukaona Islands Commander chaka chilichonse. The miyezi yabwino kwambiri kukaona malo awa ndi July, August ndi September. Lero, maulendo angapo chidwi yapangidwa m'dera limeneli. Komanso, inu mukhoza kutenga chikudutsa kukaona rookeries nyama zam'madzi. Apa mudzaona nambala yaikulu nyama ndi azitha chithunzi chachikulu.

Kayendedwe

Pamaso pa Islands Commander akhoza anafika pandege, ndege kapena mwa nyanja. Kuyambira Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky kuti Bering Island inu kugonjetsa makilomita 735. maulendo zamoyo Reserve Mtsogoleri wa bungwe zonse.

kumene kukhala

Monga ulamuliro, alendo ndi munkakhala usiku m'mudzi wa Nikolskoye. Nthawi zambiri, bungwe la maulendo madzi kupereka malawi mu cabins wabwino zombo.