Mkulu-nyamuka nyumba. Nyumba zosanja zitalizitali wa Moscow ndi dziko

Lero, palibe kudabwa Mipikisano nkhani nyumba, koma angapo zaka zana zapitazo, ngakhale mfundo za kumanga nyumba kuti kutalika Poyamba zinkaoneka ngati zomangamanga kwambiri. Masiku ano, dziko kupikisana kuchuluka kwa nyumba zosanja zitalizitali ndi kukongola kwawo. Nyumba kupitiriza kumanga, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha Pansi ndi complicating kuwerengetsera lapansi.

Mbiri ya nyumba zosanja zitalizitali

nyumba Mipikisano storey amadziwika kuti anthu kwa nthawi yaitali. Koma nyumba woyamba, wotchedwa inawomba nyumba yaitali inamangidwa ndi posachedwapa - yekha mu 1885 ku Chicago. Ndi zopusa kunena, koma ndiye dzina lake nyumbayi, yomwe inali apansi 10 okha, awiri zambiri inatulutsidwa mochedwa. Choncho, kutalika onse a inawomba nyumba yaitali ya atumwi XIX anali mamita oposa 50.

Development ndi kusintha kwa luso yomanga kenako kuchotsedwa vuto la nyumba yaikulu, chifukwa zitsulo analola anaumitsa khoma, pamene kuchepetsa kulemera akukhudzidwira ndi kwachitatu. vuto A zoterozo zochotsa kutalika wakhala anathana pambuyo Kutulukira zikepe magetsi.

Pasanapite nthawi itatha yoyamba nyumba mkulu-nyamuka pakati omanga anatembenuka kulimbana lalikulu mphamvu. Makamaka pachimake anali ndi zomwe ankalimbana ndi nyumba zosanja zitalizitali mzake wa New York mu 20s za m'ma XX. Pasanathe zaka 30 pambuyo kumayambiriro woyamba mkulu-nyamuka nyumba yapamwamba nsanja inamangidwa mita 241. Pa zaka 17, palibe munthu akanakhoza kuzileketsa nkhani imeneyi, kenako anagwira ulamuliro wa Chrysler Kumanga ndi chizindikiro 320 wa spire lapansi. Koma pasanathe chaka chimodzi (1931) nyumbayi linatsegulidwa, anadzakhala chizindikiro cha nyumba zosanja zitalizitali onse. Zinali Ufumu State Building, anagonjetsa chotchinga cha apansi 100. Linamangidwa mu nthawi umboni, pang'ono kuposa chaka.

Kwa kanthawi kulimbana kuchepa kwa mu '70s zinayambira kachiwiri. Palm intercepted nyumba mu madera osiyana a dziko, koma palibe amene wakwanitsa kuligwira kwa nthawi yaitali. Today adzaupereka kumanga Burj Khalifa, pamene koyamba ndiponso kapangidwe kuswa chizindikiro 150 storeys.

kapangidwe

Ntchito yomanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka kugwirizana ndi mavuto ena. Kuwonjezera pa mfundo yakuti wamanga ayenera kuganizira unyinji wa nyumbayi, kukana ake zivomerezi ndi magawo ena ambiri anapezazo onse ayenera kukhala enieni kwambiri, chifukwa mukatero amavutika kwambiri a anthu. Mu mtima wofuna kukwaniritsa zina zokhumba ayenera kukhala watcheru chitetezo ndi kufika nkhaniyo mosamala. N'chifukwa chake kamangidwe ka nyumba mkulu-nyamuka - ndiko mwambo osiyana kotheratu, chimene chimafuna mtima winawake.

Komabe, kufunafuna zodalirika, sitingathe kuyiwala za kukongola. Ochiritsira analimbitsa mabokosi konkire kwa nthawi yaitali ziribe kanthu, anthu akufuna chisomo zina ndi lightness mitundu, kotero kuti ntchito ya katswiri wa zomangamanga sangathe otchedwa mosavuta. Service nyumba zosanja zitalizitali - komanso zovuta, chifukwa ngakhale wabwinobwino kutsuka mawindo chogwirira sangakhale popanda misonkhano ya okwera mafakitale. Ndipo ayenera kutenga mavuto chitetezo nkhani, amene akhale ogwirizana kuposa pambuyo 11 September 2001, pamene moto kugwa nyumba zosanja zitalizitali ziwiri unapha anthu ambiri.

gulu

Kwa nthawi yaitali kusankha zimene ndendende ankaona inawomba nyumba yaitali, zinali zovuta. Ndipo tsopano funso akadali zogwirizana, chifukwa amagwiritsa i yosiyanasiyana. Wina kuyeza kutalika kwa denga, wosafuna kutenga nkhani spire, ena kuganizira ndi kunyalanyaza mlongoti ndi zipangizo zina, ndipo ena amanena lonse zochokera chimbuzi cha nyumbayi. Mulimonsemo, tsopano ankaona nyumba zosanja zitalizitali nyumba ndi apansi (kuti si nsanja), anakafika mpaka mamita 100 ndipo zambiri. Kuyambira 35 100 - nyumba mkulu-nyamuka. Pamwamba 300 - kopitilira muyeso-mkulu ndi 600 - ndi manambala oyambirira "Mega". Mwa njira, otsiriza awiri okha mu dziko.

mbiri-baka ichidachi

6 pa 10 mwa nyumba apamwamba mu dziko ili mu Asia Komabe, woyamba malo atatu wotanganidwa ndi nyumba, zomwe zili mu UAE, Saudi Arabia ndi United States. Choncho, mndandanda akhala zikutsatiridwa kwa 2009:

1. Burj Khalifa (UAE).
2. Abraj Al Nyambo (Saudi Arabia).
3. 1 Trade Center World (USA).
4. Taipei 101 (Taiwan).
5. Schanhaysky Trade Center World (China).
6. Mayiko Zamalonda Center (Hong Kong).
7. Petronas-1 (Malaysia).
8. Petronas-2 (Malaysia).
9. Grinlend Nanjing (China).
10. Willis Tower (United States).

Nyumba zosanja zitalizitali wa Moscow ndi Russia

M'mizinda ya la Russia kwa nthawi yaitali, mkulu-nyamuka nyumba ya zokongoletsa odzilamulira, ndi tiganizira achipembedzo. Mpaka m'ma XX m'ma chimbuzi cha pakati mbiri anakhalabe Ivan Wamkulu Bell kutalika mamita 81. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, nyumba mkulu-nyamuka mu Russia kwa nthawi yaitali dzina yake, osati anaitenga ku zinenero zina - tucherezy. The yoyamba ntchito anagwira kugwedezeka ano, anali kumanga nyumba ya Soviet Union, umene unali ndi msinkhu wa mamita 495. Yomanga inayamba mu 1937, koma mawu nkhondo, ndiyeno mfundo imeneyi linasiyidwa.

Mpaka m'zaka zingapo zapitazi kuti atchule moona mkulu-nyamuka nyumba mu mizinda ya ku Russia kunali kovuta, zikuoneka, iwo sizikugwirizana mu maonekedwe awo mapulani. Kumene, okaikira ambiri lero, koma chigawo Moscow City anapezanso mafani ake. Mu St. Petersburg, ndi tikukonza inawomba nyumba yaitali, analonjeza kukhala apamwamba ku Ulaya, koma mpaka mapeto a inakonzedwa okha 2019.

inawomba nyumba yaitali wotchuka

Ngakhale kuti ambiri a iwo sanali m'gulu la mndandanda wa nyumba zosanja zitalizitali wapamwamba wa New York ali otchuka kwambiri. mzinda uno mumaganiza pankhani nyumba mkulu-nyamuka. The heroines wa Hollywood mafilimu moyo mu penthouse ku Manhattan, madzulo mokondwera ndi panorama. Inde, New York kwenikweni zosatheka kuti aganizire popanda nyumba zosanja zitalizitali lapansi. Shanghai ndi Hong Kong nawonso anakulira nthawi umboni, koma kale zapamwamba zonse ndi maonekedwe.

Mwa njira, kwa nthawi yaitali, "Stalin" mkulu-nyamuka nyumba mu Moscow ankatengedwa mokwanira chidwi ndi kulonjezedwa nthambi ya zomangamanga. Lero, alendo yachilendo ndikawaone posachedwapa nayang'ana powumbidwa.

ziyembekezo

Zikuoneka kuti mapulani Sapita okhawa, kotero pambuyo angapo zaka nthabwala za akasinja mpweya akhoza chikukwaniritsidwa. Kale anayamba kumanga nyumba, kutalika kwa amene adzakhala mpaka 1 kilometre. Pali ntchito zimene anagonjetsa zinthu zopangidwa ndi okwera mpaka 4,000 - nkhani ya nthawi. N'zoona kuti anthu chodziwikiratu adzakhala okonzeka kutsikira pansi 800 TH kwa theka la ola. Koma n'zodabwitsa zokwanira kuti kuyambira mfundo luso view, yomanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka zoopsa zimenezi. Ngakhale, pofuna kuti ntchito zimenezi akhala maganizo weniweni, m'pofunika kuonanso mfundo zofunika za chitukuko m'tawuni.