Thonje Tree: ofotokoza ndi katundu

Mu kotentha, mungapeze chidwi mbewu wotchedwa thonje mtengo. Izo zikuwoneka zachilendo kwambiri, zomwe zimakopa chidwi cha anthu ndiponso alendo. Pafupi chimphona, simudzaliona munthu ndi nkhwangwa, nkhalango palibe vandal sadzakhala zikande makungwa ake kuti: "Apa anali Yohane." Kodi chinsinsi, ndi chifukwa ochiritsira zomera mozungulira amapita nthano zambiri ndi kutenga? Chimenechi chidzakhala nkhani m'nkhani ino.

Gawo sayansi

Latin thonje mtengo wotchedwa Ceiba pentandra. zomera otentha malvales kuti wa banja Malvaceae. Ndi mtundu waukulu wa zake zomera Ceiba, chomwe chili ndi mitundu 17 ya mitengo. Poyamba anabadwa Ceiba anali m'gulu la banja la Bombaksovye.

malo ambiri ntchito n'chimodzimodzi mayina - kapok (dzina usasungunuke), pyatitychinkovaya ceiba, samauma.

kumene ilo limakula

Malo mmera ankaona Africa West. M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, mtengo likupezeka mu Mexico, ku Central America, zilumba Caribbean. mtengo Tingaone mu kumpoto kwa America South.

maonekedwe

Thonje mtengo (Ceiba) ali pa mndandanda wa dziko apamwamba zomera. kutalika kwake angafikire mamita 70. Thunthu la zomera ndi kwambiri lonse, mizu ribbed kuti zakomelistost, iwo amatchedwa thabwa-buttress. Ndipotu, mizu kupanga wapadera protuberances ofukula (buttresses), amene ali pafupi thunthu. kutalika awo akhoza kwambiri upambana kukula anthu ndi kufika mamita 6-7. Asayansi akukhulupirira kuti buttresses kupereka mtendere zofunika kwa mbewu monga thonje mtengo ali wamphamvu kwambiri ndi katundu korona. Popanda zogwiriziza zina okhwima mtengo sangathe kupirira mphepo yamphamvu. Makungwa ceiba limatchedwa telegalamu, ngati iwo ali wamtali ndi molunjika.

mitengo achinyamata yosalala makungwa wobiriwira, koma msinkhu, zonse amasintha. Mwina mungafunse kuti, zimene zili thonje makungwa? Choyamba, makungwa kusintha mtundu ku wobiriwira imvi. Ndiye, pa iwo pali mphamvu ndi spines lakuthwa kwambiri conical mawonekedwe. View spikes ndi woopsa kwambiri, kotero kutumikira monga chitetezo chabwino adani onse. Nyama sanali kumva kuwawa thonje makungwa. Alendo salola kuthamanga chiopsezo kuswa ndi akhaipisa zomera otchuka. Iwo sayesa kukwera pa iwo kapena zikande amene analembedwa pa thunthu. Koma pamene iye adawona mu nkhalango wamkulu mtengo thonje, onetsetsani chithunzi.

Ceiba masamba palmate-zovuta. Kunja, ndi chinachake chofanana ndi masamba a kanjedza, aliyense tsamba tichipeza masamba 5-9 (pazipita 15) amene kutalika ndi za 20 cm. Timapepala ta lonse.

Pa mitengo maluwa okutidwa ndi lalikulu maluwa woyera bisexual amene angamvetsere Pyatignezdnaya zipatso mabokosi. Pa mitengo okhwima angapo zipatso zana lalikulu (kukula kwa mabokosi ndi pafupifupi 15 cm) akhoza kupangidwa. Pyatistvorchataya bokosi ali ndi mawonekedwe elongated. Kunja ndi yosalala, ndi silky mkati yokutidwa ndi tsitsi ambiri amene uzikuta mbewu. Mkati mabokosi ndi mbewu za mawonekedwe pafupifupi ozungulira. Mtundu wa nthangala bulauni mdima wakuda. Monga zipatso zipse, mabokosi losweka, ndi madontho iwo kwa oyera, achikasu kapena kuwala bulauni kapok (CHIKWANGWANI). CHIKWANGWANI Ichi ndi chofunika kwambiri.

Monga CHIKWANGWANI ntchito

Ceiba CHIKWANGWANI lili mapadi, hemicellulose, lignin ndi zinthu zina. N'zosavuta (nthawi 8 opepuka kuposa thonje), si yonyowa ndipo kugwa. Nkhanizi ndi ndinapirira mofewa, ndi buoyancy mkulu ndi madzi repellency. Komanso, ali otsika matenthedwe madutsidwe ndipo zikumveka bwino mayamwidwe. Komabe, pali zoonekeratu drawback - pa flammability mkulu, koma anaphunzira nkhondo.

Chokhalitsa kapok kosamugonjera tizirombo ndi kukhalamo si chakudya cha m'bowawo. Izi ndi zodabwitsa zachilengedwe mfundo stuffing upholstery, mphasa hypoallergenic ndi mapilo. Kwa izo anapangidwa pontoons, buoys, zamphepo. Oyendetsa zambiri amatchedwa Seibu mtengo-mowasungira. Mabukuwa ntchito monga filler zovala ofunda Maulendo kumalo ozizira. Wa kapok kovuta kuti sapota, monga pamwamba pake ndi yosalala kwambiri, koma anayamba umisiri zapamwamba kuti wosalira ntchito imeneyi.

Kutchinjiriza chuma thonje nkhuni CHIKWANGWANI ntchito kutchinjiriza matenthedwe ndi kutchinjiriza phokoso la mpanda wa refrigerators ofesi, chikhalidwe ndi nyumba zogona.

Pambuyo kulamulira kwa otentha Africa nkhalango msonkhano wokopa misa ankafika Ceiba, kupereka kupanga CHIKWANGWANI. Mpaka 1960, Kapok ndi lofunika katundu mankhwala, koma ndiye mtengo wake ali utachepa penapake.

Kodi mbewu

mafuta yotengedwa mbewu za mtengo thonje, amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito monga lubricant, monga zowonjezera sopo komanso kuphika. The mafuta ntchito nyali kuti tipeze kwake kuyatsa. Mu ntchito zachipatala mankhwala ndi oyenera zochizira machiritso la misempha ndi chilonda. The amagulitsa chachikulu cha mafuta ku mbewu za mtengo thonje - Indonesia.

Kodi ntchito makungwa, mizu, maluwa ndi masamba

Thonje mtengo, malongosoledwe a lopatsidwa pano, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala African:

• ku mizu ya kukonzekera mankhwala khate, kutsegula m'mimba, kamwazi, matenda oopsa;
• ku makungwa - zikutanthauza dzino, mphumu, rickets, chophukacho, kutsekula m'mimba, chinzonono, malungo, ndi kutupa;
• teas tsamba anakonza mitsempha, mphere njira, conjunctivitis ndi lumbago (lumbar backache);
• slurry masamba wosweka chagwiritsidwa mabala ndi abscesses pa mabala;
• madzi tsamba ntchito matenda khungu;
• zouma ndi kuzitikita mu khungu la ufa zipatso ntchito ngati njira majeremusi matumbo.

Kuwonjezera ntchito zachipatala, masamba ndi mphukira ntchito ngati chakudya kwa nyama zing'onozing'ono. masamba Young ndi zipatso anawonjezera kuti chakudya.

Mbewu Tingafinye mafuta, ngakhale ndondomekoyi ndi wautali ndipo yolemetsa. Anthu wamba amagwiritsa kuti abwezeretse kukongola ndi kuyatsa nyumba.

Kodi mungachite kunena za mtengo thonje? The katundu wa zipangizo analandira kuchokera zomera akhoza ankaona maganizo, koma anthu wamba m'malo iwo. Ndipo izi chomera - lalikulu uchi zomera. Pa maluwa wochuluka izo exudes onunkhiritsa amphamvu kuti amakopeka njuchi ambiri.

Mayan mtengo wopatulika

Mayan kwenikweni anabzala thonje mtengo pakati pa tawuni yawo. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti mtengo uwu unaperekedwa kwa anthu ndi milungu. Komanso, Maya ankakhulupirira kuti dziko likuima pa mitengo zinayi zikuluzikulu thonje. Choncho, iwo konse kudula zomera, ndi ngati akusokoneza kapena anasonkhana mu nkhalango masamba Ceiba, nthawi zonse m'malo anasiya mphatso yaing'ono.

The linauziridwa ndi Mulungu wa mtengo chifukwa chakuti silinakumanepo anadwala mphepo yamkuntho, ndipo palibe m'modzi anaona kuti mphezi anagunda mtengo thonje. Amwenye ankakhulupirira kuti milungu kuteteza Pet ku hassles onse ndi kulanga munthu amene akuyesa kuwononga zomera.

Koma kwa mbadwa ya Haiti ceiba zinali chizindikiro cha zoipa. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti thunthu lake lokhalamo anthu ndi mizimu yoyipa, ndi konse kugona pansi korona wake. Mmodzi wa zilango koipa kwa akapolo a ku Haiti anamangiriridwa thunthu prickly thonje chiphona.