"Proletarians a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa!" - amene anati ndipo mawu zimenezi?

Kuphunzira mbiri oti "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa," muyenera kumvetsa tanthauzo la "proletarian" kapena "proletariat".

Proletarian. Origin mawu

Malingana ndi mbiriyakale, mawu akuti "proletarian" ali mizu Latin: proletarius. Kumatanthauza "n'kubereka ana." Nzika osauka Rome ananena chuma chake, analemba mawu akuti "ana" - "proles". Ndiko kuti, iwo, kuwonjezera ana, panalibe chuma. Choncho munakhala kwa amatanthauza: osauka, osowa, osauka. Mu dikishonare, akuti anafotokozedwa ndi Dahl ngakhale wowawa "pokhala kapena opanda minda, pokhala zahrebetnik". Izo zikumveka osachepera zolawula.

French pa "Great utasintha" wayamba kale kugwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti "proletariat", kutanthauza anthu onse osagwira amene momasuka moyo kudya, si nkhawa za mawa.

Chichewa, m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa ya chiphunzitso Marxist, mu 1847, "ennobled" akuti, anafunsa lathu wake yandale yatsopano anabweretsa latsopano zili zamalankhulidwe. Mu kutanthauzira kwa Chichewa Proletarian anakhala moona mtima wogwira ntchito, ogwira ntchito, wokonzeka kugulitsa mphamvu zawo, koma alibe maziko mfundo malonda awo. Kuyambira pamenepo, mawu akuti "proletariat" sichinasinthe pa Great October Socialist utasintha mu Russia, izo adawomba onyada. Ndipo mu masiku a Soviet Union linali pa kumva ndi pamaso pa anthu onse Soviet.

Phatikizani kapena pogwirizanitsa?

Amene anati, "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa" kwa nthawi yoyamba? Tiyeni tione nkhani imeneyi.

Kugwira ntchito limodzi pa akulemba "Manifesto Communist" Marx ndi Chichewa ndalemba kuti mawu akuti chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa otchuka: "Proletarians a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa" Ndipo chotero mawu chilema chilichonse yomasulira Russian.

Kodi kulankhula bwino? "Antchito a dziko pogwirizanitsa?" kapena "pogwirizanitsa?". Mu German mawu vereinigt amatanthauza "pogwirizanitsa", "kulumikiza". Ndiko kunena kuti Mabaibulo onse amene anamasulira.

Choncho, pali awiri Mabaibulo a kutha kwa kuitana Marxist: "Yanjanani" ndi "pogwirizanitsa".

Ogwira ntchito ndi mgwirizano

The Union of Soviet Socialist anali boma ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana, akubweretsa pamodzi 15 madera wochezeka.

Back mu 1920 panali foni, kuyang'ana kwa East kuti asonkhanitse ndi kogwirizanitsa maiko kale pansi kuponderezana. V. I. Lenin - mtsogoleri wa dziko la Soviet - anagwirizana ndi mawu ake ndipo amaonedwa zimafuna mgwirizano weniweni, monga limafanana ndi zamoyo zina boma. Choncho mawu akuti monga tidziwa anayamba chidzakwaniritsidwa.

Loloseredwa boma - Union la Soviet Socialist Respublik- anali, kwenikweni chifukwa cha kaphatikizidwe. Ochezeka anthu fraternal, ogwirizana ndi cholinga chimodzi - kumanga sosholisimu ndi chikominisi, makamaka amanyadira Soviet Union. Zimenezi ndale anali chitsanzo ndi kutsimikizira kwa umoyo wa chiphunzitso Marxist.

Mawu ndi zizindikiro za boma

Izo zinachitika kuti pambuyo pa October kuukira boma, mu nthawi Union, chiphiphiritso "Antchito a mayiko ndi anthu onse oponderezedwa kugwirizanitsa!" Iwo anakana ku idagwa "anthu oponderezedwa" anali Baibulo adzafupikitsidwa. Akukwana bwino mfundo mfundo pagulu ndipo motero udachita popularization ake. Boma la Soviet Union anasankha pa zophiphiritsa boma. Iwo: dzuwa, nyundo ndi chikwakwa, ndi kuwonjezerapo - ndi chiphiphiritso proletarian.

Odula manja a Soviet Union inkakhala zilembo, ndi malemba linalembedwa mu zinenero a mayunitsi Kupititsa anali mbali ya boma. Ndipo chiwerengero ANKACHULUKA, kuyambira asanu ndi limodzi (1923 -. 1936 gg). Atamaliza kale khumi (1937-1940 gg.), Ndipo ngakhale patapita - khumi ndi zisanu (1956).

The Republic, nayenso, anali chida cha manja ndi Mwambi wa Ndondomeko wotchuka ngati m'gawo yoyenda yokha mu chinenero (a Republic), ndi Russian.

chiphiphiritso Izi zinali paliponse

Mu Soviet Union, chiphiphiritso wotchuka anali ngakhale pa masitampa. Mumadziwika mtundu, pempho lake ndi kugwirizana proletariat otchulidwa Morse code, lemba aikidwa pamodzi ndi chimango chowulungika.

Nzika za USSR ntchito kuwona ndife Mwambi achidwi - pa malo ya nthandala ndi zithunzi. anthu ambiri anali kupirira m'manja mwa mbendera ndi malemba zitsanzo. akuguba chotere inachitika nthawi zonse May 1 (Labor Tsiku), November 7 (Tsiku la October utasintha). Utatha wa USSR, parades awa anathetsa.

"Mgwirizano" lemba izikhala pa khadi umembala (chimakwirira), nthawi zonse anaikidwa chamutu wa atolankhani aliyense kusindikiza buku zokhudza ndale ndi boma nkhani zakale. Ndi nyuzipepala "Izvestia" Mosiyana ndi zina - analola yekha kusonyeza kuti lemba pamwamba m'zinenero zonse (mayiko wakale wa dziko la USSR).

Malamulo, mendulo yaulemu, mipukutuyi

Aliyense ankakonda mawu kunawala mu Order "Red Star". Labor Order ya Red mbendela anali kupereka ulemu wotero.

Linatulutsidwa pa Mendulo munthu, "Antchito a m'mayiko onse kugwirizanitsa".

Pa wosaiwalika Red Army kanali zinasonyeza mtsogoleri - V. I. Lenina ndi mbendera malemba a kugwirizana proletariat.

Anakhudzidwa ndi zodabwitsazi ndi ndalama. Bokosili chimodzimodzi kuponyedwa ndalama zasiliva (1924 ) ndipo anaika pa banknotes ndi (chimodzi chagolide chidutswa).

Wotchuka akuti "ankawaviika magazi" ndipo anakhalabe kukumbukira mibadwo yambiri ya anthu, iwo anali kumanga sosholisimu akulakalaka chikominisi ndi ankakhulupirira mphamvu ya proletariat ogwirizana.