Werengerani Shuvalov Potr Ivanovich: yonena, olandira

Cronyism, kukondera - kunathandiza kuti akugwira Mapu mu Russia amene anakwanitsa kufika pafupi ndi akuluakulu. Munthu woteroyo kamodzi anayesa anazungulira yekha ndi achibale. Choncho Shuvalov Fuko anachotsedwa pa mpando wachifumu mu oyambirira 50 ntchentche wa banja XVIII m'ma Razumovsky.

Kamera tsamba Ivan Shuvalov (1727-1797)

Ivan anabadwira m'banja losauka apamwamba mu Moscow. Mutu wa "Werengani" Shuvalov Ivan Ivanovich konse ankavala - kapena pobadwa kapena pambuyo pake, pamene iye anali wamphamvu zonse fuko lomveka. Anaphunzira panyumba, ankadziwa zinenero zinayi, kuwerenga kwambiri, anali ndi chidwi paluso ndi anakula wokongola ndi wodzichepetsa mnyamata.

Asuweni amene anali pa bwalo la Elizabeth, mu zaka 14 anatenga ignoramus mu Petersburg ndi kumatanthauza mu-kamera masamba. Pamsinkhu uwu, iye anali kukula yaing'ono ndi nthawi yake yonse ufulu kuwerenga mabuku ndiponso kuvina, anyamata ndi atsikana achichepere si chachikulu. Koma patapita zaka zinayi iye anatambasula pansi mamita awiri wamtali ndipo anakhala mnyamata wokongola. Pa ukwati wa mchemwali wake Prince Golitsinym Ivana anaona Mfumukazi Elizabeti. Mu 1749, iye anamupatsa udindo wake woyamba. Ivan Shuvalov anali njonda ya chipinda chogona, ndiko potted mnyamata. Ndipo abale anaonetsetsa adakhala pa yekha ndi makumi Mfumukazi.

Chief Chamberlain

Posachedwa Ivan analandira dzina latsopano - Chamberlain aakulu. Ambiri mwa bwalo chizolowezi latsopano Mfumukazi ankaoneka sakhalitsa akufunira. Koma wochenjera, wokongola, osati okonda ndalama ndipo sali wamwano Ivan anapitirizabe kukondedwa ndi Elizabeth anamwalira mu 1761.

makhalidwe ake, makamaka chosowa mtima wofuna ndalama kupanga, panthawi kuti yosowa kwambiri. Zinali zodabwitsa kuti onse, kuphatikizapo mfumukazi ndi akuganiza, amene ntchito zonse kwa iye kukwaniritsa udindo, dziko, anthu wamba ndi ndalama. Okalamba Mfumukazi Elizabeth chayala palibe moyo wina wake wosankhidwa, ndipo, ngakhale kuti ndi zaka, khalidwe lake chimaonekadi sakuyenda bwino, ankamusamalira ndi chikondi chomwecho.

Ntchito Ivan Shuvalov

Ine sindikuganiza kuti kukhala malo oyenera pa nthawi yoyenera, Ivan ndiye basi anakhala ndi moyo ndi chimwemwe kwa mfumukazi ya, msinkhu kukhala mayi ake. Mnyamata wokongola, fashionably ndi expensively atavala, ndi makhalidwe abwino, iye anatsogolera moyo osati zokoma basi. Shuvalov anasonyeza chikondi zachilendo zaluso: ziboliboliyi, mabuku, zisudzo.

Kotero, cholinga polenga Academy of Tirhana, mu 1755 iye anachoka Moscow FS Rokotoff ndi mpata kuyamba kuphunzitsa m'nyumba yake mpaka iye anatsegula Academy. Ndipo mu 1761 anaona yozimitsa moto mu nyumba yachifumu ya ziboliboli tsogolo Shubin. Ivan amapereka nthawi imodzi ndi mlengi wa woyamba Russian zisudzo Volkov F. ndi A. Sumarokov - Wolemba wina ndi ndakatulo.

Pamodzi ndi Mikhail Lomonosov, iye anali ntchito ndi kutsegula Moscow University mu tsiku dzina la mayi wake - mu Tsiku Tatiana mu 1755. polojekitiyi, iye anasungabe nthawi yaitali.

Shuvalov anatola aphunzitsi ndi ophunzira, ndi mabuku ake anaika maziko a mulaibulale yunivesite ndi kuonekera pa yunivesite nyumba kusindikiza chimene zipsera osati mabuku sayansi, komanso "Moscow News".

Academy of Tirhana - ana ake onse. Iye anasonkhanitsa aphunzitsi kunja, kufunafuna ophunzira mphatso, anapereka chopereka cha zojambula za Academy. ntchito zake zandale, akadali bwino bwino, akufuna kuchuluka kwa senators ndi kusintha zochita zawo, streamlining ndi bureaucracy ndi asilikali, iye ankakhulupirira kuti kufunika kuika patsogolo alendo Russian ndi ayi.

Ambiri a akufuna Shuvalov patsogolo nthawi yake ndi ndiwo moyo pansi Catherine II ndi Paulo I. Mu 1757 Chiwerengero Vorontsov anagonjera ndi kusodza lamulo limene I. I. Shuvalovu anapatsidwa udindo wa chizengerezo; aphungu, ndi serfs zikwi khumi. Mutu wa Ivan anakana. Kenako mutu aulemu a "Werengani" Ivan Shuvalov sanamvere, ndipo kuchokera Catherine I. Iye sanafune udindo.

Palace ya Chiwerengero Shuvalov

Ngakhale Ivan anali sanavale mutu wa Chiwerengero, koma nyumba yachifumu analidi odzitukumula zomangamanga, ali kotala lonse. Iye anali ndi akadali (ngakhale anamanganso) pa msewu Italy pafupi ndi Chilimwe Palace wa woyang'anira woyera ake.

The nyumba inamangidwa zaka zisanu mu kalembedwe wa Baroque Elizabethan. Bukuli linapangidwa ndi wamanga S. Chevakinsky. M'nyumba yachifumu anasunga chokongoletsera mbiri ya modutsa ndi mizati otsika ndi mitu. Mkati lonse la nyumba ya amapeza chokongoletsedwa ndi stucco. Koma izi makamaka kusintha ina.

Pakali pano, pali Museum a ukhondo, ndi nyumba yokha zimatetezedwa ndi boma, chifukwa ndi mbiri yakale ndiponso zachikhalidwe chathu cholowa.

Imfa ya Elizabeth

Atamwalira woyang'anira woyera lake Ivan anakhala zaka sate-faifi. Sanazengereze, iye analumbira mu 1762, watsopano Mfumukazi, koma anasiya bwalo. Osati kuti anali chamanyazi, koma akadali udindo wake wasintha kumeneko.

Mkulu-General Shuvalov namuka. Iye anali woyanjidwa ndi bwalo la Marie Antoinette, iye anapita ku bwalo yopapatiza yofikira ake ndi otchedwa Lilac League. Kunaikidwiratu lamulo France, ndipo, kupatula Ivan, munthu woyengeka, ophunzira, womva za alendo izo konse anali.

Pamene anapeza Catherine II, iye anali chabe amadabwa. Tsopano, podziwa kuti kudziko lina odzipereka wachifumu Russian m'banja lachifumu, ndi ulamuliro ku Ulaya, Mfumukazi anamupatsa angapo ntchito zamtendere. Iye anachita nawo glitter ndipo analandira udindo wa khansala atamva.

Mu 1776, Shuvalov anabwerera ku Russia. Iye anapatsidwa ndi penshioni ya rubles zikwi khumi, ndiyeno iye analimbikitsa kuti Chamberlain aakulu. Izi, poyamba anali udindo wapamwamba wa pabwalo - yokha Mfumukazi. Koma ambiri, Shuvalov - Munthu unango wakuveka olemera, minion chuma, tsopano anatsogolera zachinsinsi. Iye ankakhulupirira anakonza m'nyumba yake ndi okonzera mabuku ndinkakhala nalo ya nkhomaliro kwa ndakatulo Derzhavin ndi I. Dmitriev, ndi asilikali Alexander Shishkov philologist, anamasulira Homer E. Kostrova. Iye ankadziwa kuti tidzapeze moyo, kubweretsa izo chisangalalo abwenzi.

Shuvalov moyo wake wonse, ndipo anakhala zaka 70, motsogozedwa osati nsanje, ndi ulemerero wa wanzeru, wokoma mtima, munthu woonamtima. Osati chifukwa kunali moyo msuwani wake.

Petr Ivanovich Shuvalov (1711-1762)

Pyotr anachokera chigawo olemekezeka Kostroma. bambo ake, commandant ya Vyborg, mwana anatha angagwirizanitse tsamba pa bwalo la Petra Velikogo. Pamene mfumu anafa, iye anatenga gawo mu coronation wa Catherine yoyamba ya utumiki tsamba, anaphunzira zofunikira za khoti ndipo anakhoza, chifukwa ichi, ntchito zina bwalo.

Pamene mwana Velikogo Petra ndi mwamuna wake anachoka Kiel, pamodzi ndi iwo kuti atumikira ndi kamera tsamba PA Shuvalov. Pali anagula ndi m'moyo watsopano.

Akabereka mwana wake, tsogolo Mfumu Peter III, Anna Petrovna anafa ndi P. Shuvalov anabwerera ku Russia, ndege chotengera ndi thupi la korona kalonga mu 1728. M'zaka zimenezi anakumana ndi Mavroy Egorovnoy Shevelevoy, kenako anakwatiwa. Iye anali mnzake wapamtima wa Mfumukazi Elizabeth Petrovna ndipo kenako anathandiza kwambiri pa ntchito ya courtier wofuna.

pafupi ndi mpando wachifumuwo

Nditabwerera ochokera m'mayiko Shuvalov anatumikira Yehova mokhulupirika kamera-cadet Mfumukazi Elizabeti.

Petro anatenga nawo mbali kulanda boma mu 1741, akuika Elizaveta Petrovna ku mpando wachifumu, ndi oyamikira adalandira khoti udindo wa Chamberlain. Iwo ikukula kwambiri ndipo ntchito asilikali. Choyamba, - yekha alonda msilikali ndipo ambiri akuluakulu, koma chaka chotsatira anakhala msilikali, ndipo posakhalitsa msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja wamkulu.

Msinkhu ntchito yake monga wotchera, monga Elizaveta Petrovna saiwala zosangalatsa mwa wothandizira wanzeru amene anathandiza kutenga mpando wachifumu wake. Petro amalandira Order wa St. Anne ndi kulankhulana. Aleksandra Nevskogo ndipo aphungu. Ndipo mu 1746, kutsogolo kwa ife aonekera kale Werengerani Shuvalov. Ndi nthawi iyi anali kale pa banja ndi "sneaky", monga iwo anati, wantchito wa ulemu Mavre Egorovne Shepelevoy, amene, monga mkulu, Alexander, yemwe anali ndi zaka khumi pa bwalo, anamuthandiza mwamsanga kusunthira ntchito makwerero.

kutali

Poyamba, zonse zochita zake mu Front Army. Iye, pamodzi ndi platoon wake nawo coronation wa Mfumukazi mu Moscow. Ndiye platoon wake amachita pa parades, koma Chiwerengero Shuvalov msanga katswiri pa bwalo ndi chimodzimodzi msanga afika udindo wapamwamba - Field kulamulira. Iye akhoza kunena, akuthamanga udzu mu moyo chuma ndi ndale za mitu iwiri, komanso mu ufumuwo.

Amapereka Werengerani P. Shuvalov

Kale mu 1745 Chiwerengero Shuvalov zachitika ntchito pa mndandanda wa msonkho kafukufuku komanso pofuna arrears. Mfumukazi ankamuona munthu amene mungautsitsimule ulemerero wakale wa boma. Amamvera mosamala kumanga naye kwa m'malo a misonkho mwachindunji mozungulira, kuti Levy chindapusa kwa asilikali a chigawo mchere wa minting ndalama mkuwa (makilogalamu mkuwa zinapangidwa ku theka, ndiyeno kanayi ndalama zochuluka, zomwe zimabweretsa phindu ku cuma). Koma Mfumukazi yaitali amanyamula kamvuluvulu zosangalatsa, kotero mphamvu pang'ono ndi pang'ono anaikira mu manja a anthu adyera komanso ndalama njala Peter Ivanovich.

Mu 1753, pa malingaliro ake, mkati kasitomu anali anathetsa, ndipo mu 1755 pamene watsopano Customs lamulo nawo yogwira analandira.

Kusintha asilikali

Kale mu 1751, pamene P. Shuvalov anakhala ambiri-mu-akulu zinali pafupifupi popanda wopikisana naye lamulo la magawano. Iye amasonyeza changu chidwi, akusuntha ndi kukankha ndodo kuwaphunzitsa, zida zankhondo Division komanso kuchita chovala chake. Izi kubwera imathandiza kenako, kodi ndi liti pamene masiku asanu ndi awiri chaka nkhondo ndi Prussia mu 1756

magulu onse Werengerani Shuvalov anapereka maphunziro zida zankhondo ndi malo Corps, imene inali anthu zikwi makumi atatu. Pankhaniyi ndi bwino kuti iye, ndipo iye bwinobwino liyense chakudya cha mfuti yatsopano, mfuti yatsopano ndi yunifolomu.

Pa nthawi imeneyo, anaikidwa General-feldtseyhmeysterom, kutanthauza lamulo la zida zankhondo ndi zomangamanga Corps. Werengerani Shuvalov deploys maphunziro ntchito Gunners ndi kugonjera kwa Senate ntchito kulenga howitzer latsopano.

Popanda kupita tsatanetsatane luso, tisaiwale kuti ngakhale ndi ayamba, koma zinalephereka. Koma izi chida amatchedwa "chipembere" anali malo wopambana. Izi gunners howitzer anatulukira M. Danilov ndi Sergei Martynov omwe, ndipo icho chinali kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuthandiza oyenda nkhondowo pafupifupi zaka zana pambuyo chidali chifuniro chake. dzina amagwirizana ndi chilakolako pofuna ndime pa amene chizindikiro anafaniziridwa nyama zimenezi wosangalatsa.

Chovala manja Chiwerengero Peter Shuvalov

Chithunzi cha chipembere atatu omwe odula manja Chiwerengero Shuvalov. Choyamba, izo ukufanizidwa pa bolodi, ndipo kachiwiri, iye wagwira chishango ndi chachitatu, kumanzere kwa chisoti ndi coronet n'kulemba a. A mabomba atatu kukumbutsidwa inalowa mpando wachifumu wa Elizabeth. Womwewo anati ndi mawu akewa n'zandani.

Pa kuchepa kwa Elizabeti I

Werengerani Shuvalov pamene Elizabeti anakhala de A facto mtsogoleri wa boma Russian. Zonse zimene zikusonyeza wotchuka uja lafotokozedwa mu Senate. Komabe, kupanda dyera, mosiyana ndi msuweni, ndi osiyana. Nthawi zambiri ntchito yake wapindulira ndi kuwononga chuma.

Mwapadera, iye anali woyenera kugulitsa nkhalango, mafuta ndi blubber. Kuwedza nsomba ndi zisindikizo mu White Nyanja ndi ya Caspian analinso okhawo wake. Werengerani Shuvalov nawo fodya anagula kutali, iye anali bwino chitsulo ntchito. A mwamuna kapena mkazi, kukhala State-dona Elizabeth akuti anatulukamo chopeza tithe ndi mphoto ndalama.

Atamwalira Elizabeth, ngakhale kuganiza zabwino Peter III, Earl anayamba kudwala ndipo anafa 1762. Ake abwino ndiponso amphamvu makhalidwe ofanana anali kuthekera kulinganiza zinthu ndi kubweretsa zinthu zonse ku mapeto. Choncho moyo wake kwa wamphamvu, wofuna Chiwerengero Shuvalov. mbiri zake imasonyeza kuti iye anali munthu modabwitsa koma m'nthawi chikondi atagwira, wonyada ndi fabulously wolemera Zithunzi akadali osati ntchito.

Wolowa Chiwerengero Pyotr

Mmodzi kuti amaganiza kuti Chiwerengero wasiya zochuluka ndithu pambuyo pa imfa yake. Chifukwa ndalama chabe unaturuka kwa mtsinje wake. Komabe, izi sizinali choncho. Earl anali munthu wamatama kwambiri. m'malo mwake - mwana Andrei Petrovich - kusiya ngongole kokha kuchuluka kwa 92 zikwi rubles. Koma m'nyengo ya Catherine Andrei Petrovich sanali kusochera, nakhala aphungu, atamva milandu, bwanamkubwa wa Bank ndi wolemba. Anapitiriza mzera wa silithandiza Shuvalov, amene anakhalako kale m'zaka za m'ma XIX.

Mchimwene Shuvalov

Alexander (1710-1771) pamodzi ndi mng'ono wake anafika pa bwalo la Peter Ine ndi ndinayamba ntchito yake tsamba. Koma n'chinthu chofunikira bwalo la Mfumukazi Elizabeth, iye anali woyang'anira pabwalo chuma chake. M'masiku amenewo anali ndi udindo wapamwamba.

Pambuyo kulanda boma yachifumu, imene abale awiri anatenga mbali, Alexander analowa kukula. Kuyamba ndi kuyamba mu 1742, mopepuka yekha wokhudza zochitika za Chinsinsi Chancellery, koma amakonda Mfumukazi sanasiyidwe.

Ndi kupereka dongosolo Aleksandra Nevskogo, ndiye kubala mkulu wamkulu, pang'ono kenako - mu othandiza pamagaleta ambiri. Ndipo mu 1746 patsogolo pathu kale Werengerani Shuvalov dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich, m'malo ka mutu wodwala Chinsinsi Chancellery ndi mutu wa pake moyo wake onse.

Mu ulamuliro wa Elizabeth Ine ndi Peter III mu 1762 woyenera kuopedwa ndipo ankadana. Koma anasankha kuthana ndi nkhani zamalonda, zimene zingathe kuthandiza kulenga boma. Elizaveta Petrovna sanaiwale wothandizira wokhulupirika ndi kupereka iye 1753 ndi mphoto pamwamba pa Russian Ufumu - dongosolo la St .. Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Kenako Shuvalov ndi kukhala aphungu ndi ambiri munda polimbana. Pambuyo pa ulamuliro wa Catherine, iye anatumizidwa ku munda wake pafupi Moscow. Mwa njira, abale atatu, ndiye munthu amene uninteresting mukhoza kunena, colorless.

domesticity

Graf dzina lake Aleksandr Ivanovich anakwatira Ekaterina Ivanovna Kastyurinoy. Adyera ndi woumira anali banja, chisoni ngakhale ndalama zovala zoyenera mthupi mwawo. mwana Catherine anabadwa mu banja lawo, lopatsidwa kukwatiwa Werengerani G. I. Golovkina.

Pamene Alexander I inasanduka State-dona. Pali nkhambakamwa kuti nyumba yake Moscow anabadwa A. S. Pushkin. Iye akukufunani zisudzo, ndi chotchinga chake anakhala maziko a ovina wa Bolshoi Ballet. ana ake analibe ana, ndi mwana wamkazi wa si wake. Choncho ichi nthambi Shuvalov ana anali.

Pa chitsanzo cha Shuvalov Fuko mukhoza kulingalira momwe anali osiyana anthu omwewo amene anali mizu chomwecho.