Hetman - chizindikiro cha Ukraine

Mbiri mwambo hetman - mkulu wa asilikali amene anatsogolera gulu lina la asilikali ndi gulu lonse. Kwa nthawi yoyamba mu magwero a liwu lakuti "Hetman" ndi anatchulidwa ndi Hussite kupanduka Czech Republic. Mu Poland, mawuwa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi 1503, anali mtsogoleri wa mfumu asilikali.

Hetmans monga atsogoleri andale

Ndi anthu ambiri hetman Chiyukireniya anachititsa chinthu monga "dziko yomenyele ufulu wadziko la anthu Chiyukireniya" otsutsana ndi Commonwealth. Mbiri ya kuyenerera a udindo mu Ukraine ndi chidwi kwambiri. Mosiyana ndi kuyanjana molimba mbiriyakale kuti Hetman - ichi mwangwiro mtsogoleri wa Cossacks ndi boma Hetman, nthawi yoyamba mutu anali mwalamulo Bogdan Khmelnitsky mu 1648.

Pambuyo Union of Lublin mu 1596 ku Poland, kusintha kwa boma chinachitika, chimene aliyense zigawo mafumu anali wolamulira yake, wotchedwa hetman. Iyi ndi nkhani ya zikamera wa mutu "Chiyukireniya hetman."

The Kupambana kwa asilikali a Zaporozhian

Kukamba za ena ntchito zothandiza Hetman boma anasiyira Mfumu ya Poland mu Ukraine, sikuthandiza. Pakati otchuka ndale, nkhondo ndi chikhalidwe mafanizo zaka 16-17 palibe Hetman boma. Cossack Hetman munthu gawo la ophunzira amene amadziona mfulu kwa Commonwealth. The Cossacks anapereka tokha ntchito zingapo:

• amenyane Polish olemekezeka, imene imadalira ndi alimi mtengo (panschina, mangawa, etc ...);
• nkhondo yolimbana ndi adani Link (Krymskoe Hanstvo ndi Ottoman).

Wotchuka Cossack hetman mochedwa 16 ndi m'ma 17 anali Krzysztof Kosiński, Severin Nalivaiko ndi Peter Konashevych-Sahaidachny. anthu awa taona ku chitukuko cha mwayi Cossacks kwenikweni kuzindikira chilakolako cha anthu Chiyukireniya kuti adziimire paokha, choncho boma lawo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo amvetse bwino kuchulukitsa kwa ndondomekoyi. Njira yaikulu ya kulimbana anali asilikali yokopa ndi kupanduka. Chachikulu kwambiri chinali chiwembu wa zaka 1591-1596. Pa nthawi imeneyo, zolembera Cossack anali wolimba mtima kwambiri, komabe zida zankhondo, kotero zowawa kulephera angapo mu nkhondo yaikulu. Pa fuko lomveka zoipa chomwecho iwo ungamuphe ndithu. Zinali pambuyo izi zipolowe Rzeczpospolita kusintha dongosolo boma, powapatsa akuluakulu a Hetman. maulendo akunja Cossacks Dziwani Moscow mu 1602, komanso kuukira akuluakulu ndi Turkey, Ukrainians asonyeza kuti adani amphamvu kwambiri.

hetman Khmelnitsky

Bogdan Zinovy Khmelnitsky anabadwa mu 1596. Anaphunzira wabwino pa Kiev sukulu mlongo. Patrimony ali Khmelnitskiy Subotove, pafupi ndi mzinda wa Chigirin (ano Cherkassy dera la Ukraine). Iye anatumikira mu msasa wa Cossacks boma, kuchita nawo nkhondo ndi Spain, anatenga malo achitetezo a Dunkirk mu France. Koma cholinga chake chachikulu pa moyo Khmelnitsky anachita mu nthawi kuchokera 1648 mpaka 1654 pa dziko yomenyera nkhondo Commonwealth. Inali nthawi Hetman zaka - nkhondo ndi mtsogoleri wa ndale mphamvu nkhondo Commonwealth. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi boma Polish zapita yosiyana bwino. Wopambana nkhondo anali m'chaka cha 1648 pa Yellow Madzi ndi Korsun.

atsogoleri Polish zinaonekeratu kuti polimbana ndi mdani wamphamvu. M'CHAKA cha 1648 asilikali Chiyukireniya anaukira zigawo Polish. chiwerengero cha asilikali ankhondo a Khmelnitsky kuchuluka kwa anthu 30 000. M'chaka cha 1648 kunali nkhondo kuwina wa pyliavtsi. Mu zaka wotsatira, iye anali kumenyana pa Zbarazh ndi Berestechko. The chifukwa chachikulu cha ntchito za Bogdana Hmelnitskogo anali kugwirizana m'mayiko Chiyukireniya kwa Russia mu 1654 Pereyaslav.

Ivan Mazepa - Hetman

Mu ulamuliro wa Mazepa kuchokera 1687 mpaka 1709 zikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu 2. Isanafike chiyambi cha kumpoto nkhondo Hetman anali pa ubwenzi wabwino kwambiri ndi Peter Wamkulu. The ntchito yaikulu ya Mazepa mu nthawi ino, kuti athandize anthu, akuwonetseredwa mu chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi uzimu (nyumba ya mpingo). The nthawi yachiwiri (1700 ndi 1709) anasonyeza kuti Mazepa - Hetman, kuganizira za ufulu wa dziko. The apogee wa malingaliro ngati akhala pangano Chiyukireniya hetman ndi Swedish Mfumu Karl XII. A chiwonetsero cha mgwirizano uwu unali nawo anagwirizana asilikali Mazepa ndi Sweden mu Poltava kukamenyana ndi asilikali a Peter.

Chiyukireniya hetman, ndithudi, sukanatha kuthetsa funso ufulu wonse wa dziko, koma panali mgwirizano ndi anthu apaubale - Russia ndi Belarusians. Hetman - munthu amene timapezamo ndi zolinga mtundu wa anthu Chiyukireniya. Zinali mkubwela kwa Hetman zakulitsa dziko kumasulidwa kuyenda m'dera la Ukraine ano.