Wambiri ya Dostoevsky. Chidwi mfundo ku yonena za Dostoevsky

Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky anabadwa mu 1821. Iye anali mwana wachiwiri m'banja lalikulu (panali asanu).

Maphunziro ndi mphunzitsi, kusamukira ku St. Petersburg

Popeza 1832, Dostoevsky ndi m'bale wake Michael anayamba kuphunzira. Iwo anadza aphunzitsi kunyumba. Koma mu 1833, ana anatumizidwa ku sukulu yogonera komweko, "Suchard". Komabe, kumene kuphunzira kwa nthawi yochepa. Posakhalitsa anasamukira "Cermak" board. Dostoevsky kuyambira ndili wamng'ono kukonda kuwerenga. Mu 1837, amayi anga anamwalira Fedor, ndipo patapita kanthawi bambo ake anamutenga ndi Michael likulu kumpoto, kumene iwo aphunzira bwino.

1838-1843 gg:. Engineering School

Chikuonetseratu kuti sukulu ili Dostoevsky ankaona amalakwitsa kwambiri. malamulo asilikali anali mlendo kwa iye, pambali, Fedor zinali zovuta kukwaniritsa zofunika pa izo. Palibe chinam'chititsa chidwi ndi anzawo kusukulu anali atapeza. Ndipo ine anavutika bungwe ili F. M. Dostoevsky, amene yonena mwadzaza nthaŵi chopweteka.

Chiyambi cha njira kulenga

Si chinsinsi kuti Dostoevsky anali kutikonda kwambiri ntchito za Balzac, n'zosadabwitsa kuti iye anaganiza zomasulira mu Chirasha wa buku lake lotchedwa "Evgeniya Grande." Ichi chinali chiyambi cha ntchito yake. Mu yomweyi, Dostoevsky ntchito yomasulira ntchito za Zhorzh Sand, ndi Eugene Sue, koma iwo sanali kusindikizidwa.

kupambana chachikulu

Mu 1844 wolemba anayamba kutuluka za maganizo "Anthu osauka" ndipo kenako tsiku lina anakhala pa desiki yawo ndi kuyamba kulemba kwabasi. Choncho, buku walowa maganizo ake, ndipo Dostoevsky sanali kukhadzikika mpaka sanamalize izo. Pamene zimenezi zinali kuchitika, mlembi anapereka Baibulo pamanja Grigorovich (munthu ndi amene anali kukhala mu nyumba), amene anachita izo kwa Nekrasov, ndipo anakhala usiku wonse kuwerenga "Osauka Anthu". M'bandakucha, anadza Dostoevsky. Onse anafotokoza chikondwerero chake chenicheni. Ndinasangalala kumva zitamandozi F. M. Dostoevsky! yonena lake lili ndi osangalatsa mphindi, monga momwe tikuonera.

Mu bwalo la olemba

Posachedwapa, wolemba anakawagoneka bwalo la Belinsky, pamene iye anali mwansangala Pan Odoyevski Turgenev. Patapita nthawi, Dostoevsky anavomereza kuti pa nthawi anakwatulidwa wotsutsa dyera anavomereza malingaliro ake onse, kuphatikizapo malingaliro zokomera. Wambiri Dostoevsky zikusonyeza kuti ankakonda maganizo Belinsky a mabuku ake. Pa msonkhano naye 1845, wolemba kuwerenga machaputala angapo a mankhwala "kawiri," chomwe ankachitira ndi malingaliro wogawanika. Posakhalitsa nkhani imeneyi adzasonyeza zimenezo mabuku yake yaikulu.

Kumangidwa ndi ukapolo

M'bandakucha pa April 23, 1849 wolemba, pamodzi ndi anthu ena a ku bwalo Petrashevsky analandidwa ndipo anaikidwa Petro ndi Paulo Linga. Wambiri Dostoevsky zina Ndimagoma tsoka la ...

Panakhala wolemba monga mmene miyezi 8. Iye anayesera kuti asataye mtima, ndipo ngakhale analemba nkhani "The Little Hero" (inasindikizidwa mu 1857). Posachedwa Dostoevsky mlandu akukonza chiwembu ndipo ayenera akadaphedwa. Kwa mphindi yaitali, mpaka kuphedwa, wolemba anadwala wodikira chopweteka imfa, koma mwadzidzidzi anapatsidwa chilango osiyana zaka zinayi za ukapolo ndi kumangidwa mwamtheradi chabwino. Atatumikira akuti wake anakhala msilikali. Wolemba mu ukapolo ku Omsk, pamene anali m'ndende ku linga la. Apo iye anakakamizika kukhala moyo mwa zigawenga. Anasamutsa kusauka kwa maganizo, chisoni ndi kukanidwa, chisoni, kuunika mofatsa makhalidwe, kuipidwa phale maganizo zikundichitikira kuyembekezera ndi kuzindikira oyambirira cholinga pa moyo wawo - katunduyu onse anapeza mu ndende, maziko a buku "Nyumba ya Akufa." Wambiri Dostoevsky - sewero enieni amene sangathe kuwerengedwa popanda empathizing naye.

Resumption wa ntchito zolembalemba

Kuyambira yozizira ya 1854, wolemba anatumikira mu Semipalatinsk, kumene iye anali msilikali wamba. Komabe, patapita 12 miyezi ndinakhala sanali analamula kapitawo. Patapita chaka chimodzi anaikidwa msilikali. Posachedwa Dostoevsky anali anabwerera ku mutu wa fuko lomveka ndi mwayi kufalitsa ntchito zawo. Mu 1857, wolemba anakwatira Mariey Isaevoy, amene kale adamuthandiza ndipo sanalole kutaya mtima. M'ndende, Dostoevsky analemba ntchito "The Mudzi Stepanchikovo" ndi "Amalume a Dream". Iwo zinasindikizidwa mu 1859. Nkhani analandira zambiri ndemanga aluntha. Wambiri ya Dostoevsky komanso imatilimbikitsa kuti musatope ndiponso kukhala amphamvu.

"Chipongwe ndi kuvulaza"

Wolemba ankafuna magazini "Time" amaona ndi anthu Nkhani lalikulu, ndipo chotero anaganiza kuzilengeza mu ntchito zake zabwino. Iwo ankatchedwa "The chipongwe ndi kuvulaza". Ofufuza za m'ma XIX izo ankaona ophiphiritsa kwa wolemba, ndipo ambiri amaona Pokhala a anthu pathos mabuku Russian.

Banja chipwirikiti ndi ukwati

Mu 1863, wolemba namuka, kumene anakumana ndi Apollinaria Suslov, limene kutifotokozera m'chikondi. Wambiri ya Dostoevsky, chidwi mfundo zomwe zimakhudza owerenga osadziwa chingakhale chosakwanira popanda kutchulidwa kwa mkazi uyu. ubwenzi wawo kumasowa kumulakalaka roleti m'tauni German wa Baden-Baden anauzira olemba kulenga ntchito za "The juga".

Mu 1864, mkazi Dostoevsky atamwalira, ndipo ngakhale kuti iwo nthawi zambiri sewero ndi nkhondo, chifukwa iye zinandipweteka kwambiri. Patapita nthawi yochepa anamwalira m'bale Michael. Wolemba kachiwiri namuka, ndi m'chilimwe cha 1866 iye anali mu mzindawu ndiponso dziko, yomwe ili pafupi ndi mzinda. Pa nthawi ntchito pa chidutswa cha "Chilango." Pa nthawi yomweyo ntchito ikuchitika ndi pa "Player" imene Dostoevsky kuti amaloweza stenographer Anna Snitkina. Pamene ntchitoyo zachitika (m'nyengo yozizira 1867), wolemba anatenga mkazi, ndipo kenako anauza N. N. Strahov, mgwirizano anali kwenikweni zogwirizana ndi osangalala. Choncho Dostoyevsky owona loto la banja labwino. Mkazi wake anali mkazi kwambiri amene anali kutikonda kwambiri mwamuna wake. Wambiri Dostoevsky kuwerenga ngati buku chidwi khalidwe chachikulu - wolemba yekha, sichoncho?

"Chilango"

Cholinga cha ntchito iyi wolemba anaonekera kwa nthawi yaitali, ngakhale mu ukapolo. Ngakhale Dostoevsky anali ndi mavuto azachuma, ntchito pa buku anali wokangalika, iye anali mokhudza kulemba. Ntchito linadzaza ndi zolinga chikhalidwe ndi nzeru. Iwo zogwirizana nsalu mu chiwembu ndipo amathandiza zinachitikira wauzimu wa Raskolnikov. Izo zikhoza wotchedwa nthanthi akupha ano Bonaparte, mbiri ya amene anamaliza chakuti waganiza kuvomereza mlandu wake, kuti osachepera kutchula mawu ndi chikumbumtima chake. Great mbuye mawu anali Fedor Mihaylovich Dostoevsky, amene yonena chimatichimwitsa amasirira luntha lake.

ntchito zazikulu

Mu 1867 inatha "The chitsiru", cholinga chimene wolemba analionera fanolo mwangwiro zabwino munthu. Prince Myshkin, makhalidwe angwiro, amene angayerekezedwe ndi Yesu, sakhoza yanjanitsidwani ndi maonekedwe a mkwiyo, kunyalanyaza, tchimo ndi kupita openga. Pambuyo tinachita "Ziwanda", kulimbikitsa chilengedwe umene unali ntchito Nechayev ndipo anayambitsa kampani pansi pa dzina "kuphedwa anthu". Mu 1875 lidalembedwa buku "Mwana" imene ili anabvomereza munthu amene anakulira konse adayipsa dziko, mu chikhalidwe cha kudzitsitsa ambiri. Ndiye ntchito inayambika mankhwala yaikulu ya wolembayo "Abale Karamazov", limafotokoza nkhani ya tsoka la pabanja. Dostoevsky kuchilakalaka kuwonetsera Russian anzeru. Komanso wolemba ankafuna kuti izo zimakhala amakhala a m'nkhaniyi - Alekseya Karamazova. Full wa zolembalemba bwino yonena za Dostoevsky. Masiku inachokera ku mmene kukhala talente yake, maganizo iwo katswiri pa nthawi ina.

imfa

Kumapeto kwa moyo wake wolemba anapambana ulamuliro yamphamvu, ambiri ankamuona Mlangizi ndi mneneri. Ngakhale Dostoevsky aswa mapulani ambiri ntchito m'tsogolo ndipo mukufuna kuyamba kugwira ntchito pa mbali ina ya buku "Abale Karamazov", koma m'nyengo yozizira 1881 iye atamwalira mwadzidzidzi.

Wambiri ya Dostoevsky: Chidwi Mfundo

Kodi mukudziwa kuti "Chilango," Dostoevsky ankafotokozedwa weniweni kunyumba, patios ndi mitunda, yomwe ili ku likulu kumpoto? Ndithu mfundo zosangalatsa, sichoncho? Wolemba ananena kuti malongosoledwe a malo wakupha zinthu zopangidwa ndi iwo ku nyumba ya mayi wachikulire uphimbika, zinali zochokera chokumbukira pabwalo la kamodzi anatembenuka, kuyenda mu St. Petersburg.

Kodi mukudziwa kuti wolemba anali kwenikweni nsanje? Iye amaganiziridwa mkazi wake yogwirizana n'ngwokayikitsa, ngakhale sanapereke chifukwa cha izi. Dostoevsky akhoza mwadzidzidzi kunyumba ndi kuyamba kufufuza milandu komanso kufufuza malo mipando. Kapena mwadzidzidzi nsanje munthu yotheratu akale, amene nyumba anali pakhomo lotsatira.

Apa takambirana mau monga Dostoevsky moyo. Wambiri mwachidule koma nkhani.