Tower Bridge - London chipata ulemerero waukulu mumzinda

Ngakhale anthu amene sanakhalepo ku England, kuphunzira Tower Bridge yomweyo. Iye - ndi mtundu wa khalidwe British. Chaka chilichonse, pafupi ndi mlatho ndi kujambulidwa ndi zikwi la alendo kuona zimatengedwa pansi m'bwalo. Ndipo usiku, iye amakopa chidwi cha mazana nyali, zomwe zikugwirizananso ndi madzi.

Ali Tower Bridge

Dziko la nyumba izi zazikulu - United Kingdom a Great Britain ndi Northern Ireland. Iye decorates ufumu wokha likulu - London. drawbridge ili mu mzinda pa Mtsinje wa Thames.

Ambiri, milatho - ndi London zokopa: Tower Bridge, Waterloo, London, Millennium, Railway Bridge Cannon Street ndi Westminster (pafupi ndi Big Ben). Komabe, zofunika kwambiri kukhala chizindikiro cha mzinda - izo Tower. Iye - yemweyo khadi malonda mu London monga Eiffel Tower ku Paris kapena Chifaniziro cha Liberty mu NY City. Chifanizo cha mlatho izi kwambiri ndi likulu la UK, zikuoneka ngakhale wamba. Komabe, ukulu wake ndi kukula kwa mitundu mobwerezabwereza kuzandima ndingaliro ya alendo.

anachita pamene dzina

Mbiri ya Tower Bridge zapiringizana ndi ili pafupi izo Nsanja ya London - malo kumene akaidi anali. Poyambirira, mpaka 1872, pakati pa mzinda ndi chimodzi mwa London Bridge, umasinthanitsidwa ndi pa Mtsinje wa Thames. London akuluakulu anaganiza kuti sikokwanira ntchito m'tawuni. Choncho, m'chaka anati, yamalamulo anatengera lingaliro kumanga nyumba yatsopanoyi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, ndi commandant Nsanja ya London anali ndi kumanga, koma yamalamulo ananena. Anaganiza kuti mlatho pafupi pa zomangamanga ayenera zimafanana bwino ndi ndende. Ndiko kumene chenicheni cha Tower Bridge.

Dzinali, analandiranso kuyambira pa Nsanja ya London. The kumpoto kwa mlatho inali pafupi basi ngodya ya ndende. msewu, zomwe ndi kupitiriza mlatho limayenda kufanana kwa mpanda wa Tower. Choncho, choyamba, amene anayenda kudutsa mlatho ichi, sanali olemekezeka London ndi kumangidwa.

Mlengi wa mlatho

M'nyengo yozizira 1876 boma la London analengeza mpikisano ntchito zabwino mlatho mumzindawo. Kwa polojekiti ankazionetsa zofunika zotsatirazi:

• mlathowu anali kukhala mkulu pansi pa izo zikanakhoza zotumiza;
• yomanga amayenera kukhala amphamvu padziko lonse kuonetsetsa kayendedwe zonse ngolo ndi anthu.

Makumi asanu ntchito chidwi akhala akufuna. Ambiri a iwo kupereka milatho mkulu chikhatho chimodzi. Koma ntchito zonse akhala zolakwa awiri wamba: pakati padziko madzi ndi mlatho pa mafunde inali mtunda yaing'ono kwambiri zombo chikanapitirizidwira, koma kuwuka kwa izo - kwambiri phompho mahatchi kuti kukoka ngolo. Mapulani amapereka options ndi kukweza chimakweza hayidiroliki kwa anthu ndi ngolo ndi kutsetsereka adzikometsa ndi mbali zozungulira.

Koma zimathandizadi ambiri mwa njira anamuzindikira monga wamanga ntchito mkulu wa London - Sir Horace Jones. Iye akufuna kukafola ndi dontho-pansi mlatho.

The ntchito zachilendo

Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene iwo anamanga Tower Bridge, drawbridges nthawi yaitali chozizwitsa. Iwo ankagwiritsa ntchito St. Petersburg, ku Netherlands ndi mayiko ena. Koma mbali ya Tower Bridge dongosolo lake zovuta luso. Paliponse mu dziko monga mwaunyinji sichinayambe ntchito hydraulics. Mu St. Petersburg pa nthawi milatho ntchito ntchito antchito, yomwe kenako m'malo mwa ntchito ya turbines madzi. Pa pempho la boma la mlatho tinalengedwera kalembedwe Gothic. Pansi pake mosavuta pochitika ngakhale yaikulu ziwiya nyanja.

Mbali A wa Tower Bridge anali counterweight kuti amalola kapangidwe ndi anamuukitsa padera. Pomanga nyumbayo ili zinakonzedwa kuphatikiza zomangamanga ndi dongosolo zitsulo.

Komabe, ngakhale ubwino zoonekeratu maganizo, mphamvu kuzengereza chigamulo pa chiyanjo ake. Ndiye Jones anakopeka injiniya wotchuka John Vulfa Barri, ndipo io bwino izo. Choncho, sewero latsopano, Tower Bridge anali kukhala mlathowu chapamwamba. Ndipo ntchitoyi anali naye.

Chiyambi cha zomangamanga ndi kusintha loyamba

Pofuna kubweretsa ntchito ku chenicheni, boma allocated ndalama yaikulu pa nthawi - £ 585.000. Kutukula kuti mwadzidzidzi inasanduka anthu olemera kwambiri.

Yambani ntchito yomanga anali anayambitsa mu 1886. Ndipo pa zonse loyamba ankati malinga ndi dongosolo. Koma m'chaka cha 1887, ngakhale pamaso anayamba kuyala maziko a mlathowu, anamwalira mwadzidzidzi mutu ikugwiridwira - Jones. Zinali zopweteka amphamvu ndi bwenzi injiniya wake, Barry, ndi kumanga pa nthawi mantha.

Barry ndiye komabe walunjika ntchito n'kuyamba wachiwiri wake wamanga George. Stephenson. Last anadyetsa chilakolako chachikulu kwa luso Gothic wa nyengo zamunthawi ya Victoria, amene kwambiri anakhudzidwa polojekiti. Mkubwela kwa Stephenson Tower Bridge kakusintha kusintha stylistic. Zitsulo mitundu mlatho anali pa chiwonetsero, monga izo zinali mu mzimu wa nthawi. Ndipo panali nsanja awiri otchuka chikugwirizana ndi ndime anthu oyenda pansi pamalo okwera mamita 42 pamwamba mtsinje.

Kutsegula mlatho ndi momwe ntchito

London Tower Bridge inayamba mu 1886 ndipo anamaliza patatha zaka 8. Kupezeka wake kunali chochitika wapadera umene unachitika mu June 1894. Mwambo panafika yekha Prince of Wales ndi mkazi wake Alexandra.

ntchito mlatho kwathunthu lolunjika pa injini nthunzi kuti atembenuza mapampu yaikulu. Nyumba kupanga kuthamanga mu dongosolo accumulator. Zimene pamapeto, ankakolezera Motors, onsewo crankshafts. Makokedwe imafalikira ku magiya kutsinde, amene chidakupangitsani kusuntha gawo imodzi. gawo ndi udindo kuswana wa mapiko mlatho. Anakweza mbali ya mlatho anali chachikulu kwambiri, ndi kutipatsa kuganiza kuti pa magiya ndi katundu yaikulu. Komabe, siziri choncho: mapiko a mlatho anali wokwera counterweights katundu amene ali Motors kwambiri thandizo hayidiroliki.

Pofuna kuthetsa mapiko, wambirimbiri mphamvu chofunika. Ndiyeno chirichonse anapereka. Nyumba limagwirira zikuphatikizapo asanu batire yaikulu imene opanikizika cholimba madzi. Iye anabwera injini udindo ntchito mbali makina mlatho. Mchikakamizo cha madzi kudza njira zosiyanasiyana zoyenda, ndi lalikulu awiri chitsulo chogwira matayala ndi mapazi awiri kuyambira atembenuza, zochotsa intaneti. Dongosolo lonse kuswana mlatho anatenga mphindi imodzi yokha!

mlatho lero

Tower Bridge lero akuthamanga kwathunthu magetsi. Komabe, monga kale, pamene iye ayamba kusuntha, amaundana zonse ndi nsangala kuyang'ana zotulutsa mu mapiko mpweya mlatho. Pamenepo, limachokera kwa mtsinje ozungulira. Ndipo kaya ndi zosangalatsa bwato kapena kumakoka, onse akuyang'ana ndi chidwi monga chitadutsa pansi pa mlatho.

The chidwi kwambiri anyamuka mu umodzi wa nsanja, kumene kowonera zakale odzipereka kwa Tower Bridge. Pali mukhoza kuphunzira zambiri zokhudza mbiri yake, onani zithunzi za zomangamanga, masanjidwe ndi mapulani. Chabwino, ndiye inu mukhoza kukwera kwa kuonerera sitimayo kuona zachilendo zosangalatsa ndi chodabwitsa panorama mumzinda amatsegula kumeneko.

Kotero ngati inu nokha mu London, onetsetsani kuti akaone Tower Bridge.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Old London Bridge, anagula mu 1968 Robert Makkaloh - wabizinesi ku United States. Kumangidwa anawachotsa ndipo kusamutsidwa kwa United States. Malinga ndi nthano, wamalonda ankaona kuti zaka London Bridge - ichi ndi Tower Bridge, chizindikiro cha Albion mwachinsinsi. Komabe, McCulloch ali atakana pamaso kuti analidi.

Tower Bridge - iyi ndi ntchito luso limene ntchito luso mapulani. Ndipo lalikulu ndi ili alendo kukopa osati London koma kudutsa UK wonse.