The Soviet nkhondo ya Afghanistan: Zoyambitsa ndi Zotsatira

The Soviet nkhondo ya Afghanistan kwa zapitazi, kuchititsa asayansi ambiri, asilikali ndi andale otsutsana mtima. Pa dzanja limodzi, ntchito lokha mfundo yaikulu umene unali kuukira nyumba yachifumu mu Kabul, Amin, akadali chitsanzo cha mphamvu yapadera kanthu mu zoterezi. Pa ena, n'zosatheka kuganizira Soviet nkhondo ya Afghanistan kwayekha ku exacerbation wotsatira wa mavuto padziko lonse, komanso chifukwa chakuti adzadabwa adzakhale chimodzi mwa zifukwa za kugwa Soviet.

Nthawiyi, pofuna kumvetsa tanthauzo lakuya la chochitika kwa zaka zoposa makumi atatu zapitazo, m'pofunika kuganizira zimene zinthu zachitika mu dziko Central Asia mu 1979.

Zonsezi zinayambira April 1978, pamene Mphamvu mu Kabul mu chiwembu asilikali uja anafika PDPA kutsogozedwa ndi wolemba wotchuka N. Taraki. Pamene chitukuko ichi imatengedwa lalikulu US miscalculation monga Taraki ndi anzake anaona angakuthandizeni waukulu wa Soviet Union, umene unali ndiye mphamvu amene ali wokongola yotheratu boma lolamuliridwa ndi Leonid Brezhnev.

Utsogoleri Soviet ndi Party Communist kufuna kuonetsetsa kuti munjira ina iliyonse kuthandiza boma yamphongo ya Republic of Afghanistan. Kuyambira 1978, pano imatsogoleredwa ndalama kwambiri ndalama, adatulutsa usilikali ndipo chuma alangizi, amene anali okonza chachikulu cha dziko ndi kukonza maphunziro.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mkati Afghanistan kukula kusakhutira pakati pa anthu wamba ndi pakati osankhika akulamulira. Kumayambiriro 1979, kukana zimenezi zachititsa kumulakwira lotseguka, umene, monga kunapezeka mu nthawi yathu, United States anayima. Taraki kale adamfunsa ku Brezhnev kuti kulowa ndi ulamuliro pa asilikali a Soviet ku Afghanistan, iye analandira kukana kotheratu.

The zinthu zinasintha kwambiri mu September 1979, pamene mmodzi wa anzake a Taraki ndi Amin anapanga zisinthe anayamba kulamulira m'malo zopotola m'ndende pulezidenti wakale. nyamuka Amin kwa mphamvu udasintha modabwitsa monga mmene zinthu zinalili ku Afghanistan ndi malo ake m'bwalo lonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, monga mwa Maulendo posachedwapa lofalitsidwa wa wotchuka American womenyera ufulu chikhalidwe Zbigniew Brzezinski, mu kusintha iyi United States zatenganso mbali mwachindunji, ndi monga cholinga chake chokhacho Scott Soviet Union mu "Vietnam nkhondo ake."

Choncho, chikuchititsa mavuto a nkhondo Soviet la Afghanistan inkakhala zofunika kwambiri njira udindo wa dziko, komanso chakuti pambuyo kulanda boma la, Amin boma Soviet anakakamizika kanthu zochitika mkati mwa State kuti, osati kuti m'malire ake kukuchitika ya mavuto.

The Soviet nkhondo ya Afghanistan anali atalamulidwa ndi chigamulo cha chipani apamwamba limba - ndi Politburo wa ku CPSU Committee Central. Pa chigamulo pa inanena kuti zochita za USSR utsogoleli zochokera kupanga pangano la mtendere, limene lalembedwa pakati pa maiko awiri mu 1978.

Madzulo a watsopano, 1980, chifukwa cha itachita la nyumba pulezidenti anaphedwa Amin ndi pulezidenti wa Republic anakhala protege wa USSR B. Karmal. Kwa kanthawi Union nkhondo ya Afghanistan chinathandiza normalization wa moyo mkati mwa dziko Koma kenako, asilikali a Soviet anali ndewu katundu ndi Mujahideen, zomwe zachititsa imfa oposa 15,000 kuyambira mbali ya Soviet Union.