The Balkan nkhondo

Awiri Balkan nkhondo kunachitika atatsala pang'ono woyamba nkhondo World. Nkhondo yoyamba anali mwangwiro emancipatory, odana ndi Turkey khalidwe. Yotsatira chifukwa cha zotsutsana pakati pa opambana pa nkhondo yoyamba.

The Balkan Nkhondo (gawo loyamba) kuloledwa adzawathamangitsa Turkey ku Europe. Union of Serbia, Greece, Montenegro ndi Bulgaria ankafuna kuti kulanda Ottoman Mabuku onse m'gawo la European. Kenako, mogwirizana ndi kukhala zotsutsana mu gawo Union, ena n'kubwerera ku Turkey. Nthawi zambiri, Balkan nkhondo amayamba aggravation winanso wa zotsutsana mfundo yachilendo. Izi kumenyana kumlingo inapita inayamba woyamba nkhondo World. Pa nthawi yomweyo Balkan nkhondo zinathandiza kuti chitukuko cha luso asilikali. Pa nkhondo ntchito ndege yatsopano, sitima zankhondo, magalimoto oti muli nazo zida. Komanso, anatsimikizira, ndi mtengo wa mfuti chachikulu, mfuti ndi mabomba ochita kuponya.

Choyamba Balkan nkhondo umayambira October 9 1912 ndi 30 TH May 1913. Mu nthawi imeneyi, Montenegro, Serbia, Greece ndi Bulgaria mu Union, kulimbana ndi Ottoman. Anthu a ku Balkans anafunika kuchita yofunika mbiri ntchito yomasula dziko chipsinjo ang'onoang'ono ndi Turkey. Komabe, ena mwa backwardness a wamba ndi kufooka kwa proletariat, ndi phukusi la mphamvu imperialist mu zochitika za chilumba cha zinachititsa kuti mfundo yakuti si chosintha, ndi njira asilikali.

Balkan Union ankapita ndi Chisebiya ndi Chibugariya bourgeoisie, amene anali kufuna kuti zilamulire zambiri Macedonia. Chibugariya oimira ankaganiza ndi kugwirizana Board of Western Thrace ndi Thessaloníki kupeza Nyanja Aegean. Pamodzi ndi uwu, olamulira Serb masamu phindu kupeza Nyanja Adriatic ndi kulekana kwa Albania.

Mofulumira wa Choyamba Balkan nkhondo am'kwiyitsa zipolowe ku Albania ndi ku Makedoniya, Chirasha Turkey nkhondo. Chifukwa kulengeza chiyambi cha gulu amanyansidwa chinali chakuti kutipatsa kudziyimira pawokha ku Turkey la Thrace ndi Macedonia, ndi kuletsa anthu kutengapo mbali wa asilikali Turkey.

Montenegro woyamba mliri wa Nkhondo pa 9 October 1912. October 18, nkhondo zonse za Union (Bulgaria, Serbia, Greece). Malinga ndi dongosolo la ogwirizana, ndi la Turkey ankayenera kuti aswe reinforcements ku Asia Minor. Tikumbukenso kuti magulu ambiri kuposa Turkey, osati nambala komanso manja, ndi mlingo wa maphunziro a asilikali. Pa nthawi yomweyo khamu la Ottoman zapita ziŵalo.

A nkhonya yaikulu kwa kum'mawa la Turkey wavutika Thrace. Anawoloka malire, woyamba ndi wachitatu Chibugariya asilikali anagonjetsa nyumba lachitatu la Turkey. Atagonjetsedwa wa Corps chachinayi kum'mawa Ottoman asilikali anathawa. asilikali Chibugariya anaimitsidwa Chataldzhinskih maudindo, yokhala ndi mipanda yolimba kwambiri zokwanira.

Kum'mwera kwa Macedonia mphamvu Greek anali anapambana nkhondo ya Yenice ndi unkatchedwa tiponye Salonika, omwe anali kulimbikitsa kuukira Chibugariya. Agiriki Komanso, mothandizidwa ndi asilikali Chisebiya ndi kulimbikitsa ndi Macedonia.

Pa Nyanja Aegean anali kulamulidwa ndi zombo Greek.

The kupambana wa mayiko a m'bungwe la Balkan ndi Union nkhondo patsogolo mphamvu ena otsutsana zokwanira kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, Russia ankaopa kuti anagonjetsa likulu Turkey la Bulgaria angafunse funso la Straits zinthu chokhwima kwa tsarist. Choncho, mfumu Russian zoperekedwa kwa suspend maudani ndi kupita ku nkhani mtendere.

Chifukwa cha zovuta chilengedwe padziko lonse, kulephera kugwila Istanbul Chibugariya anali anamaliza osayanjanitsika pakati Serbia ndi Bulgaria pa dzanja limodzi ndi Turkey - pa ena. Koma posakhalitsa, panabuka anali anayambiranso. Only patapita kugonjetsedwa latsopano Turkey asilikali armistice yosainidwa pakati pa maiko onse a Union ndi Turkey.

Chachiwiri Balkan nkhondo chifukwa cha zotsutsana mu Union. Mayiko anasonyeza kusakhutira awo ndi zotsatira za nkhondo 1. ntchito asilikali anali imachitika pa Turkey, Montenegro, Romania, Greece ndi Serbia pa dzanja limodzi ndi Bulgaria pa ena.

Chifukwa cha Bulgarians kumenyana anataya mbali yokulirapo ya m'dziko la Romania anachoka anapanga Alliance ndipo anasamukira pafupi ndi Entente. Bulgaria yokha anawamvera pafupi ndi bloc Austria-German.