The akuganiza (CPC): tanthauzo. ufulu wa akuganiza lapansi. Article 46 a Code la Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba

anthu onse amene mwa njira ina zimakhudzidwa wachifwamba ndondomeko asapita chilamulo, ali nawo mbali (a Kuthi chigawenga) choncho mukhale ndi zina za ufulu ndi udindo. Mu mabuku zamakono jurisprudence pa nkhani imeneyi pali mfundo zina za view. Zikhulupiriro ophunzira mu ndondomeko chigawenga ndipo nkhani zake zofanana.

The mlandu, ndi akuganiza, amalimbikitsa awo ndi owayimilira, komanso gulu yapachiweniweni malinga ndi Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba ndi zipani za thupi chitetezo ya.

A akuganiza m'chitsimikizo chigawenga: lingaliro

Mabuku mfundo ndi mlandu chikuperekedwa gawo loyamba la Art. 46. Malinga ndi makonzedwe malamulo, munthu wa ulemu amene yazamalamulo mabungwe osati kokha amaganiziridwa kuchita kuti mlandu winawake, komanso kuchita zina procedural kanthu. Ngati kungakhale muyeso njira (malinga Art. 100), musanagulitse mlandu kapena mlandu pa milandu onse, anthu ndi anthu milandu kapena kuwatsekela pa kukayikirana.

Pamene choyambirira zipangizo investigative (zaufulu kugonja, mawu a ntchito ya milandu ananena ndi Kulemba macheke awo wapolisiyo, kufufuza thupi, wozenga mlandu, wapolisiyo) ali zomwe zimabweretsa kopanda kuti mchitidwe chigawenga chidaperekedwa ndi munthu wina, chigamulocho mlandu, kuti ayenera kukhala anasonyeza. Pambuyo pake, munthu amatchedwa yekha monga "kuganiza". Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba akuganizira lingaliro ili yokhala ndi malamulo, mphamvu yopapatiza, ndipo ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira.

Ngati pa nthawi chigawenga nkhani zokhudza munthu saali, ndipo imapezeka mu nthawi ya kufufuza kuyambirira, ndi akuganiza m'njira malamulo, izo kukhala.

udindo wa akuganiza mu nthawi

Onani kuti akuganiza (Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba kuti Mulungu) amakhalabe udindo uwu yochepa (okha) nthawi. Choncho, ngati iye anamangidwa ndipo kenaka amugwire, pamene anali pansi sadzakhala upambana masiku khumi kwambiri pa milandu imene amasonyezedwa Part Special wa Code Wachifwamba. The kuchotserapo zochita amene akugwa pansi mchitidwewo zigawenga, maphunziro ake, thandizo kukhazikitsa ndi ena. Mu milandu, nthawi anawonjezera kuti masiku 45 kuchokera nthawi osankhidwa muyeso wa kudziletsa. Ngati anali sanasankhidwe chifukwa masiku awiri, akuganiza (CCP, Art. 94, lomweli. 2) adzakhala adzamasulidwa, kenako kanthu ndi yokhala ngati munthu sanalinso. Komabe, ngati za kufunsitsa akhoza anakhalabe mpaka zojambula ndi chitsutso ndi wozenga.

Ngati gulu lina, akuganiza m'chitsimikizo chigawenga ali ndi maudindo, komanso ufulu. Tiyeni tione iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

Ufulu zokhudza zimene ndendende amaganiziridwa

Mwina zofunika kwambiri ndi lalikulu pomwe akuganiza. Ndi kupeza udindo uwu, munthu adzakhala nako kudziwa chimene icho ndi achifwamba. Panthawi yake zindikirani - Ndi udindo wa munthu kuchititsa kufufuza waukuluwo. Kukhazikitsa mu njira zingapo:

• makonzedwe a makope (awapatsa mbiri yabwino) chisankho anayambitsa Kuthi chigawenga kutsutsana naye, kumene kumasonyeza m'munsi ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa lingaliro ili, komanso malamulo a chilamulo zigawenga maziko umene unapangidwa;
• umboni amajambulapo maluwa okongola ndi posungira mu m'ndende protocol m'munsi;
• ndi kuonetsera chigamulo pa ntchito muyeso wa woletsa munthu pamaso kumubweretsera milandu nduna, umbanda imene akuganiza iye.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti akuganiza ali ndi ufulu (Nkhani 46) kuti akalandire Mabaibulo chikalatacho pamwamba (mwaubwino, Mphindi). Ndi utumiki wa zikalata ayenera idzachitika mkati tsiku lina pa tsiku la Kulengezedwa awo kapena kulembetsa.

Ufulu umboni kapena kukana iwo

Chilamulo munthu amaganiziridwa akuchita mchitidwe chigawenga, ali ndi ufulu kupereka umboni ndi mafotokozedwe za kukayikirana alipo kutsutsana naye. Iye akhoza kukana kanthu. Mbali yoyamba, munthu anachenjeza kuti umboni wake onse ankati ntchito mlandu ngati umboni, ngakhale kukana iwo. Komabe, pali zosiyana. Ngati akuganiza waives umboni wake, ndipo mu mphindi, pamene iwo anapatsidwa Posakhala m'gulu kumbuyo kwa CCP si ndiziyesa kukhoti.

Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, uyu ndi munthu woyenera, koma si udindo wake. The akuganiza sumabala alibiretu udindo nkhani zonama kapena kukana umboni. The wopanga malamulo ankaona kuti njira zimenezo zingakhale mulingo woyenera kwambiri. Udindo umboni wonama kufika munthu incriminate yekha kwa nthawi yaitali odziwika lothandiza: "zoipa awiri kusankha wamng'ono."

Lamanja la chitetezo

The akuganiza ali ndi ufulu kuonetsetsa kuti iye anali kumbuyo a. Code wa Kayendesedwe Wachifwamba amalola kugwiritsa ntchito zithandizozi ake ndi thandizo kuyambira pamene kwenikweni anali wopereka m'ndende, pa nthawi imene munthu mlandu, komanso zochita zina akuyendera chimango cha Kuthi chigawenga.

Ufulu kupereka umboni mlanduwo

Nkhani 46 Para. 4 h. 4 amapereka akuganiza yoyenera kupereka umboni. Iwo akhoza akuyendera zenizeni, ndi umboni kapena kupereka akuluakulu kufufuza kapena Loya wa zinthu zakuthupi amene ali ndi zoyenerera mwachindunji ku nkhani pano. Zingakhale zosiyanasiyana zikalata, nkhani, wailesi ndi video, ndi zina zotero. D. Dziwani kuti deta ndi ufulu ndi ophunzira ena mu Kuthi mu Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code.

Ufulu opempha ndipo ankakana

A Pempho m'chilamulo amadziwa pempholi boma akuti chilichonse. The akuganiza atume pempho osati magulu atsopano kapena zina umboni akuluakulu kufufuza kapena yotsimikiza Mabaibulo kuti akanakhala kuti ndilibe mlandu iye, koma milandu umafuna kuti liime kutsutsana naye, komanso kupereka mwayi timudziwe bwino iliyonse chikalatacho procedural, amachita, etc. .. Mulimonsemo, nthawi zonse mutu kubwerezanso ndi wapolisiyo lapansi. Iwo sangakhoze konse adakana akuganiza kapena malangizo ake khalidwe la zochita investigative, kuphatikizapo kufunsa a mboni kapena Kupenda azamalamulo, ngati zochitika za kukhazikitsidwa kwa omwe analandira pembedzero, ndi kwa mtengo uwu chigawenga choncho.

Posachedwapa, kapena, mwa kulankhula kwina, ntchito za kuchotsedwa kwa aliyense wa ndondomeko choncho, akhoza eni ulemu kwa katswiri kumbuyo, katswiri, wotanthauzira, woweruza, wozenga mlandu, ndi wapolisiyo mu nthawi imene akuletsa chotenga mbali zinanso zimene zikuchitika.

Nawo zochita investigative

Ufulu yovomerezeka akuganiza kuti nawo kanthu (investigative), amene amapangidwa pa zoyenda wake (ananena yekha, kumbuyo kapena woyimira malamulo) ndi chilolezo cha msilikali kufunsitsa kapena wapolisiyo, familiarization ndi ndondomeko ya zochita izi, amene adalemera ndi sachita mwachindunji ndiponso kudyetsa kuzipenya ali anakonza Dec. 8, 9 h. 4 nkhani 46.

Lamulo saletsa nthawi yomweyo akuganiza kuti mbali pa zochita za kufufuza, amene amapangidwa pa njira imene zisudzo kapena zina matupi a kufufuza waukuluwo.

The bwino kulemba dandaulo

Ndipo akuganiza ndi mlandu ndi ufulu kupala kudandaula pa chosalanga kapena zochita ndi zosankha za atsogoleri a milandu, Ofufuza ndi omufunsawo, wozenga mlandu. ntchito Security kuti athandize anthu zinatchulidwa pa nthawi yomweyo ndi chilango kamba 125 ndi 126. Amaonetsa ndondomeko kudandaula Kutengera, komanso ndondomeko kuganizira chake cha Akuluakulu abomawa, amene amathandiza kuti dongosolo kuvomerezedwa kupereka mayankho (pa zotsatira za review ndi zindikirani chisankho).

Ufulu kudziŵitsa abale

Pa pempho la akuganiza maola 12 m'ndende wapolisiyo, wapolisiyo kapena wozenga ayenera awadziwitse aliyense wa abale ake apamtima (mu nkhani ya kusapezeka kwawo - ena) kapena kupereka mwayi kwa iye. Ngati akuganiza ndi dziko kapena nzika ya dziko lina, kukanena zimenezi ayenera kukhala mu ofesiyo (kazembe) wa State kuti.

Malamulo onse pali kuchotserapo. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi kwambiri. ufulu wa akuganiza (wamkulu) akhoza linaphwanya ngati kuli kofunika kusunga m'ndende chinsinsi cholinga chofuna kufufuza waukuluwo. Izi zimatheka ndi amavomereza wapolisi wina.

Ufulu wotanthauzira ndi izyasnenie m'chinenero chawo

Kuyenera ofalitsidwa kukumbukira kuti si nthawi zonse mafotokozedwe Russian anapereka ndi umboni akuganiza. UPK wapereka chipani izi Kuthi wachifwamba zogwiritsa ntchito izi chilankhulo chomwe iye ali bwino, kapena anu. Pankhaniyi, wapolisiyo ndipo wapolisiyo ayenera kulola kuzindikira za ufulu umenewu, kuphatikizapo popereka wotanthauzira kwaulere.

chilankhulo imene Kuthi ndi amachitika mlandu (chinenero cha boma kapena mmodzi wa nzika za ku Russia), imeneyi zilibe kanthu.

Kuti adzimvera, tisaiwale kuti Wachifwamba Kayendesedwe Code ndi akuganiza amafunika kuteteza yokha mwa zonse zilipo ndipo njira zimene si ndikoletsedwa ndi lamulo wachifwamba. Mwachitsanzo, anatchulidwa mu Constitution ndi ufulu kupeza momasuka, kulandira, kutengerapo ndi kubereka, kufalitsa nkhani, ndi anapempha thandizo kwa atolankhani, mabungwe ufulu ndi ena.

The kumanga akuganiza za

Kuwatsekela ndi muyeso chogonedwa monyengeleredwa procedural omwe umagwiritsidwa motsutsa akuganiza Loya wina wofunafuna, atafunsira matupi wofufuzayo kwakanthawi maola 48. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kukachitika kuti chilango cha mlandu ndi achifwamba akachita munthu amapereka m'ndende, ndipo ngati mmodzi wa malo omwe alembedwa pansipa:

• Munthu wagwidwa kuchita kapena mwamsanga pambuyo pake.
• mboni ndi / kapena akuvutika amatchedwa munthu monga munthu amene wachita upandu.
• Pa munthu naye, pa zovala ake, kuda upandu kukhala.

Palinso mbali zina za kumanga anthu amaganiziridwa akuchita upandu ndi pansi ndi zaka 18. Timadzipereka mwa view mfundo pamwamba. Komabe, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti nthawi ya anthu 16 amene anachita upandu loyamba yaing'ono chowongolera, osati kulangidwa ndi kumangidwa.