Soviet cosmonaut A. A. Leonov: yonena, zithunzi

cosmonautics Russian amadziwa zambiri umunthu otchuka. Koma pakati pawo ndi Soviet cosmonaut Leonov Alexei Arkhipovich. Choyamba, iye amadziwika kuti ndi munthu amene sanachite mantha kupita m'mlengalenga. Izi wotchuka Leonov cosmonaut. Wambiri ya umunthu chapadera ukhala mutu wa nkhani yathuyi.

Kubadwa ndi ubwana

M'dera Kemerovo, m'dera la kenako a m'mphepete West-Siberia, malo Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Tsiku lobadwa - May 30, 1934. Makolo ake, Arhip Alekseevich Leonov ndi Evdokia Minaevna Sotnikova, kupatula Alyosha yaing'ono kulera ana ena asanu.

Pamene Alex zaka zitatu, banja lake anathamangitsidwa. Bambo anapita m'kati m'ndende, ndipo mayi ndi mwanayo kusamukira Kemerovo, monga nyumba zawo kwenikweni kuperekedwa kwa adani. Koma patapita zaka ziwiri bambo ake asintha khalidwe lawo.

Mu Kemerovo A. A. Leonov ku sukulu, koma mu 1947 banja, mogwirizana ndi kusintha kwa malo a ntchito za breadwinner, anali kusamukira Kaliningrad. Icho chiri mu mzinda uno wa m'tsogolo wokayenda pamwezi kwambiri anaphunzira sekondale.

Kuyambira ali wakhanda, A. A. Leonov ndoto ntchito asilikali, kotero pambuyo polandira sekondale dipuloma (1953) kulowa usilikali Aviation School, umene bwinobwino maphunziro mu 1955. pambuyo pa zaka ziwiri maphunziro a mbiri zake.

chitukuko cha Space

Pakali pano, theka lachiwiri la m'ma 50s ndipo 60s XX ndi nthawi mofulumira kukula kwa mlengalenga. Mu 1957, yokumba Earth Kanema unayambitsidwa ndi Soviet Union. galu Laika - Mu chaka chomwecho ndege moyo choyamba cholengedwa anaikidwa mu kanjira. Onse m'pofunika kwambiri ndi funso la kuthekera zouluka m'mlengalenga munthu.

Mu 1960, Soviet Air Force anapanga kusankha gulu loyamba la chombo, zimene zinaphatikizapo 20 oyendetsa bwino chophunzitsidwa. Ndi pakati pa mamembala a gulu anapanga gulu la woyamba Maulendo Soviet danga. Mu ichi woyenera makumi awiri anamenyedwa ndi A. A. Leonov. Kuwonjezera iye, kumuwombera anali German Titov, wotchedwa Dmitry Zaikin, Pavel Popovich, Ivan Anikeev, Adrian Nikolayev ndi zina zambiri oyendetsa wotchuka. The mwayi waukulu wokhala cosmonaut woyamba Yuri Gagarin anapatsidwa. Mu April 1961, spacecraft "Vostok-1", anapanga woyamba yozungulira ndege.

Kuyambira mu 1961 mpaka 1964, malo ndege anapanga Titov, Nikolayev, Popovich, Valery Bykovsky ndi Komarov. The gulu la Vladimir Komarov, amene anaulukira ku October 1964, kuwonjezera mkulu wa asilikaliwo, unali ndi anthu awiri. mwayi wotero wapereka mtundu watsopano wa Mipikisano spacecraft "Voskhod" imene m'malo wakuti "East".

Kudikira awo kuti Soviet cosmonaut Leonov. Photo naye ndi Yuriem Gagarinym Tingaone pamwamba.

The ndege mbiri

The watsopano malo ulendo zinakonzedwa kwa m'ma March 1965. Iwo unali ndi anthu awiri. Anaikidwa mkulu Pavel Belyaev ndi woyendetsa - A. A. Leonov. Mission kunali kutenga malo mu spacecraft multiseater "Voskhod-2" imene, poyerekezera ndi Baibulo loyamba chasinthidwa.

Poyamba, ntchito ulendo chinali kukhazikitsa spacewalks anthu, ndipo amaonedwa monga mbali ya pulogalamu Soviet mwezi.

"Voskhod-2" ndi Belyaev ndi Leonov pa bolodi unayambitsidwa pa March 18, 1965.

Mu malo lotseguka

Pambuyo spacecraft analowa kanjira, kunali kofunika kuti akwaniritse cholinga chachikulu cha ndege - ndi spacewalk. ntchito imeneyi anali kusankha A. A. Leonov. The wokayenda pamwezi yomweyo anthuwo potsegulira chipinda, kenako chatsekedwa chipinda adalira mkulu nayamba depressurization ake. Ndiye Alexei Arkhipovich anasiya airlock ndipo anatuluka mu malo lotseguka. Ndi mwachita dziko lonse lili kuzindikirike A. A. Leonov (wokayenda pamwezi). Photo anakhala ku malo lotseguka ili pansipa.

Tikumbukenso kuti pamene kunja ndi spacecraft Alexei Arkhipovich anamva kusapeza: kutentha thupi lake anauka, anayamba thukuta, kuchuluka kugunda kwa mtima ndi kupuma mlingo. Mu akunja danga wokayenda pamwezi wakhala mphindi oposa khumi.

Abwerera spacecraft anali chifukwa mavuto ena. Chifukwa chakuti danga suti kwambiri kutupa, Leonov kunali kovuta ndibwerera mu airlock lapansi. Choncho - kuphwanya malangizo - anali Finyani mu mutu wake ndi manja ake kutsogolo.

ankafika

Tikufika spacecraft komanso motsagana ndi zimene zinachitika mosayembekezereka. Iye amayenera kuchitidwa basi, pambuyo chombo adzapanga ankasinthana 17 mozungulira kanjira lapansi. Koma zida ali malfunctioned. Choncho "dzuwa-2" zinkayenera kuti ziyikidwe mu mode Buku pambuyo 18 ankasinthana.

ankafika malo anali malo nayonso m'dera Perm. Kupulumutsidwa chipani anakhoza kupeza spacecraft kokha pa tsiku lachiwiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti chifukwa cha zolakwa mu ankafika zokha zinachitika mu malo unscheduled.

Komanso ntchito wokayenda pamwezi

Atachita ndege mbiri pachimake mu kutuluka kwa munthu woyamba bwino mu mlengalenga, Alexei Leonov anali kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union. Iye anali kupereka mwapamwamba Soviet mphoto - ndi "Gold Star" ndi dongosolo la Lenin.

Pambuyo pake mpaka 1969 Ponena Leonov anatenga gawo mu pulogalamu Soviet mwezi. Koma pambuyo ankafika ku America pa mwezi izo phased monga Soviet Union anataya Championship US mu "fuko mwezi". Tsopano, Dziko Lapansi Kanema zachilengedwe si kwenikweni cosmonautics Russian. Ngakhale pa nthawi imodzi zinakonzedwa kuti akhale Leonov munthu woyamba anafika pa mwezi.

Panthawi imeneyi, imodzi ndi ntchito Alex Arkhipovich anaphunzitsidwa Air Force Academy okonza malangizo.

Mu 1975, Leonov anapanga mlengalenga yake yachiwiri ndege. akukaika amene anali mtsogoleri wa anthu ogwira ntchito, zomwe, popanda iye, nalowa V.Kubasov. The ndege anapangidwa pa ndege "Soyuz 19" inatenga masiku opitirira asanu. Pa ulendo uno, iye kamodzinso kupereka mutu Hero wa Soviet Union.

Mu January 1982 sorokasemiletny Leonov pamodzi ndi ndege zina za m'badwo wake anasiya gulu la chombo. Kwenikweni, chifukwa msinkhu wake. Komabe, iye anapitiriza mpaka 1991 kutenga udindo wa kazembe. Mutu wa CPC. Mu 1991 iye anapuma ndi udindo wa Major General.

Activities pa penshoni

Koma si munthu wotero Alexey Arkhipovich kukhalabe pantchito. Kale mu 1992, iye anatsogolera olimba, chinkhoswe mu chitukuko cha mapulogalamu danga. Komanso ndi mlangizi boma ku bodi membala mmodzi wa yaikulu mabanki Russian.

Alekseya Arhipovicha waukulu chizolowezi panopa penti. Pankhaniyi, wakhala anazindikira mwa akatswiri. Leonov collaborates ndi wojambula A. Sokolov, ndi amene Co-Mlembi mndandanda wa masitampa.

Osati chipani Alexei Arkhipovich ndi ndale. Iye panopa ali membala wa bungwe Supreme ya gulu Una la "United Russia". Pa kubadwa kwake 75th Mkhristuyo anayamikira wotchedwa Dmitry Medvedev pa nthawi asanakhale mtsogoleri wa Russia.

banja

mkazi Alekseya Leonova a Svetlana Pavlovna ndi Dotsenko, anabadwa mu 1940. M'mbuyomu, anakakhala mkonzi mu yosindikiza nyumba ya CPC, ndipo tsopano anapuma.

M'banja iwo anali ndi ana aakazi awiri - (. 1967 p) Victoria (. 1961 p) Ndipo Oksana. Koma Victoria, amene ankagwira ntchito pa State University "Sovfraht", anamwalira mu 1996 chifukwa cha matenda a chiwindi ndi mavuto chibayo. Oksana panopa ntchito yomasulira.

umunthu ziyenera

Choncho, tadziwa zoterezi umunthu kwambiri m'mbiri ya mmene A. A. Leonov (wokayenda pamwezi). yonena ake anali wovuta kwambiri: ali wamng'ono anayenera Stalinist kupondereza anthu, ndipo anapuma anakumana kuwawa kwa imfa ya mwana wake wamkazi.

Koma, ngakhale mavuto ochepa onse ndi zopinga, Leonov anakhoza kukhala mmodzi wa umunthu wotchuka mu cosmonautics Soviet ndi dziko. Zinali iye amene anali analemekeza kwa nthawi yoyamba kupita m'mlengalenga. Kambirana mmene nthawi a kusankha ofuna, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kuikidwa ntchito kuti munthu ayenera kukhala Mwaichi kwapadera munthu makhalidwe. Ndi kulondola kwa zosangalatsa Alexei Arkhipovich anatsimikizira mu mchitidwe.

Inflexibility mtima komanso mwakhama ntchito yake anasonyeza Leonov akapuma, pamene, m'malo kupuma, sanaleke ntchito yogwira ndi zinthu zosangalatsa.

Ndi anthu ngati A. A. Leonov, Russia onyada.