Mutu 171 wa Criminal Code: bizinesi yosavomerezeka

Masiku ano, anthu ambiri akuyamba kuchita bizinesi iliyonse, yaikulu kapena ayi. Musanayambe kupanga kwanu kapena kupereka mautumiki, muyenera kulembetsa ndi akuluakulu a msonkho ngati bungwe lalamulo kapena IP.

Komabe, si onse omwe akufuna kupindula ndi bizinesi yawo, pendani njirayi. Chifukwa chake, apa pali funso la malonda osagwirizana ndi malamulo, omwe mwiniwakeyo ali ndi udindo woyang'anira ndi wolakwa.

Zalamulo

Malamulo a Penal amachita ndi bizinesi popanda kulembetsa kapena popanda chilolezo. Choncho, ngati wogulitsa malonda kale ali wokhometsa msonkho, koma amachititsa zinthu popanda chilolezo chapadera, izi zimalangidwanso ndi lamulo lalikulu (chigawo 171 cha Criminal Code ya Russian Federation).

Mitundu ya malonda, komwe chilolezo chikufunikidwira, chimalankhulidwa mu lamulo lapadera lovomerezedwa pankhaniyi. Mwachitsanzo, pempho lapadera likufunika pazochitika za banki, pogulitsa mafuta ndi mafuta ndi mabungwe ena ofanana. Izi ndi zofunika kuti ateteze msika kwa anthu osakhulupirika amalonda, popeza ntchito zovomerezeka zimapereka mphamvu yapadera pazochita za mabungwe awa.

Chiwawa

Choncho, ngati nzika ikasankha kuchita bizinesi (ntchito zomwe zimaphatikizapo kulandira malipiro alionse), ndiye ayenera kulembetsa ndi ofesi ya msonkho pamalo a malonda ndi / kapena kupeza chilolezo.

Zikakhala kuti zidzawululidwa kuti palibe kapena wina alipo, ntchitoyi ikugwiridwa, yomwe ili mu Article 171 ya Criminal Code ya Russian Federation, bizinesi yosavomerezeka. Malingana ndi kuchuluka kwa anthu omwe adachitapo ndi phindu lanji mzimayi wamalonda anali atatha kale kuchotsa, chigamulo chinadutsa.

Uphungu ndi Chilango: Nkhani 171, Gawo 1 la Criminal Code ya Russian Federation

Gawo 1 la bungweli linanena kuti ngati ntchito za kampani yotereyi zawonongeke kwambiri kapena zikugwirizana ndi kulandira ndalama zochulukirapo, zilango zotsatirazi zingagwiritsidwe ntchito:

- zabwino mpaka rubles zikwi 300;

- Ntchito yolemetsa mpaka maola 480;

- kumangidwa mpaka miyezi 6.

Gawo 2

Kuphatikizanso, ndime 171 ya Criminal Code imaperekanso cholakwa chochitidwa ndi anthu angapo pansi pa dongosolo lokonzedweratu kapena popanda, koma pochititsa kuwonongeka kwakukulu. Chilango cha ntchitoyi ndi ichi:

- zabwino mpaka rubles zikwi 500;

- kukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka zisanu;

- kutsekeredwa kwa zaka zisanu ndi zisanu ndi malipiro a ruble 80,000.

Malamulowa ali ndi mutu 171, gawo 2 la Criminal Code ya Russian Federation.

Zosintha

Tingazindikire apa kuti ntchito iliyonse yomwe imaphatikizapo kupeza malipiro osatha, ngakhale munthu wolakwa atatha kupanga chinthu chimodzi chokha, ndiloletsedwa. Komabe, ndime 171 ya Criminal Code m'mawu atsopano operekedwa kuti asamalandire mlandu ngati chochitikacho chinali choyamba, nzika sakhala ndi mbiri ya chigawenga ndi kubwezera chiwonongeko chomwe chinachitidwa kapena mwadzidzidzi kutembenuza ndalama potsata boma.

Zosinthazi zinakhudza nkhani zingapo, koma zokhudzana ndi kumasulidwa, zikutanthauza kuti zikhale zophweka, popanda zovuta (monga mutu 171, gawo 1 la Criminal Code ya Russian Federation).

Ponena za kuchuluka kwa kuwonongeka kapena phindu, zikhoza kunenedwa kuti ndalama zomwe wogulitsa malonda amalandira zimayenera kulamulidwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo ndalama zomwe bwana wamalonda amachita pofuna kukonza bizinesi yake.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati mwiniwake wa sitima yapamwamba akukweza ndalama, kenaka adagula mafuta ndi malipiro kwa antchito, kuchuluka kwa ndalama asanayambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Zakudya

Kuphatikiza pa zolakwa zawo, zomwe zimapereka nkhani 171 ya Criminal Code (bizinesi zosavomerezeka), makamaka amalonda "apamwamba" sakuima pamenepo. Izi ndizo, pali mtundu wina wosagwirizanitsa ntchito bizinesi, pamene bungwe linalembedwa kapena liri ndi layisensi, koma pali mavuto ndi katundu.

Mutu 171.1 wa Chigamulo cha Mlanduwu umanena momveka bwino kuti ngati munthu walamulo kapena wachibadwa (osasamala) amatha kugula, kugula kapena kuvomereza, ndikugulitsa kapena kugulitsa katundu popanda kulemba, izi zimaonedwa kuti ndizophwanya malamulo.

Monga zochitika zina zimapatsidwa chilolezo, zogulitsa zambiri zogulitsa zimakhala zovomerezeka ndi zolemba zinazake.

Mosiyana, chiwerengero cha zakudya, mowa ndi fodya zanenedwa mu Article 171.1, gawo 3-6.

Zikakhala kuti mzimayi wamalonda amapereka chiwongoladzanja cha mankhwala popanda chidziwitso chodziwika pa chokhachokha kapena sichizindikiro, chilango chidzakhala chotsatira:

1. Kukula kwakukulu:

- zabwino mpaka rubles 400,000;

- Kulimbikitsidwa kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka 3;

- kumapeto kwa zaka zitatu ndikuphatikizapo rubles 80,000;

2. Kukula kwakukulu:

- zabwino mpaka ma ruble 700,000;

- kukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka zisanu;

- Kutumikira chilango chodziletsa ku colony mpaka zaka zisanu ndi chimodzi ndi ndalama zokwana 1 million ruble.

Pachifukwa ichi, chikhomo, muzolemba ku Article 171.1, chimasonyeza maonekedwe a kukula kwa ndalama ndi zigawo. Pa gawo lachitatu ndi lachinayi, lalikulu - mabulu 250,000, lalikulu kwambiri - ruble 1 miliyoni.

Zamtengo wapatali

Ponena za mowa ndi ndudu, bwalo lamilandu adapereka chilango chifukwa cha katundu wa katundu wotere popanda zolemba zapadera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kukula kwakukulu kudzakhala kulemera kwa 100,000 rubles, makamaka lalikulu - ruble 1 miliyoni.

Ngati munthu wamalonda, podziwa kufunikira koyika mankhwala a distilleries ndi mafakitale a fodya mwanjira iyi, samachita izi, amakumana ndi chilango:

- zabwino mpaka rubles zikwi 500. (Rubles 800,000 omwe ali ndi ndalama zambiri);

- kukakamizidwa kugwira ntchito mpaka zaka 3 (mpaka zaka 6, motsatira);

- koloni, nthawi - mpaka zaka zitatu ndi ndalama za ruble 120,000. (Zaka 6 ndi 1 miliyoni kwa ndalama zazikulu).

Kutchova njuga

Aliyense akufuna kupeza ndalama. Winawake amapita kuntchito, ndipo wina akuchita zinthu zoletsedwa ndi chiyembekezo chopeza ndalama zambiri.

Mogwirizana ndi lamulo loletsa mabungwe otchova njuga m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo ku Russia, anthu osakhala oona mtima kwambiri amalonda ankapitiriza ntchito zawo pansi kapena amapanga malo atsopano a zosangalatsa zoterezi. Sizobisika kuti ndalama zomwe zimachokera kuntchitoyi ndi zosaoneka, ngakhale kuti iye mwiniyo ndi wowopsa.

Pogwirizana ndi chiletsocho, nkhani ina inafotokoza kuti izi zimapereka chilango chokhazikitsira ntchito zoterezi - 171.2. Ndondomekoyi ikuwona kuphwanya mwatsatanetsatane kuposa ndime 171 ya Criminal Code ya Russian Federation. Mlanduwu ndi wosiyana kwambiri ndi uwu.

Mwachikhalidwe (kufotokozera za chichitidwe) zimanenedwa kuti ntchito yotereyi ndizophwanya malamulo , zomwe zimachokera ku bungwe ndi / kapena kukhazikitsa njuga. Zindikirani kuti masewera angathe kuchitidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono, intaneti kapena kugwiritsa ntchito njira iliyonse yolankhulirana. Zikakhala kuti mzimayi wa bizinesi wapanga zosangalatsa zofanana mumalo osungirako ovomerezeka, koma sanalandire chilolezo cha izi, iye ndi wolakwa.

Poganizira zochitika zoterezi zikhoza kunenedwa kuti zochita za wogulitsa malonda zikugwera pansi pa ndondomeko yomwe ndime 171, gawo 1 la Criminal Code ya Russian Federation ilipo, koma woweruzayo adanena mwatsatanetsatane ntchitoyi padera.

Zosankhidwa

Chilango cha 172.1 sichiri chochuluka, koma zambiri:

- zabwino mpaka rubles zikwi 500;

- Ntchito yolemetsa mpaka maola 240;

- Kuletsedwa kwa ufulu kwa zaka 4, kusowa - mpaka zaka ziwiri.

Popeza kuti pali masewera awiri okha a ku Russia , si aliyense amene angakwanitse kusewera mpira. Chigawo chimodzi chili ku Krasnodar Territory ("Azov-City"), yachiwiri - ku Altai ("Siberia ndalama").

Chilango cha magulu olimba ndi akuluakulu

Ngati cholakwa chikuperekedwa ndi anthu angapo omwe ali pamsonkhanowo, kapena wamalonda amangopereka phindu phindu lalikulu, Mutu 171.2 wa Chigamulo Chophwanya Chilamulo cha Russian Federation mu gawo 2 akupereka chilango chotsatira:

- chabwino cha ma ruble 1 miliyoni;

- nthawi yeniyeni yokhala ndi chilango mpaka zaka 4 ndi malipiro a ruble zikwi 500.

Pamaso pa zizindikilo zofunikira (gulu lokhazikitsidwa, kugwiritsa ntchito udindo wapadera kapena kukula kwakukulu), chilangochi chimaperekedwa ngati ndalama zokwana ma 1.5 rubles, komanso potumikira nthawi yokhala m'ndende kwa zaka 6 ndi ndalama zokwana 1 million rubles.

Kuonjezera apo, ngati chochitacho chitaperekedwa ndi wogwira ntchito kapena munthu yemwe ali ndi udindo wapamwamba, wolakwirayo akhoza kuletsedwa kupitiriza ntchito yake ndikukhala pamalo oyenera kwa zaka zisanu. Chigawo ichi cha chilangochi chikugwirizanitsidwa pamodzi ndi ndende komanso zabwino, ngakhale kuti zilangozo zingakhale ndikungokhala m'ndende muno. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti ndime 171 ya Criminal Code ilibe mfundo zoterezi.

Zofanana zomwezo

Choncho, poyerekeza ndi amalonda omwe amachita bizinesi zosavomerezeka (popanda kulembetsa kapena popanda chilolezo cha ntchito zina), pali nkhani zingapo zomwe ntchitoyo inagawidwa ndi mankhwala kapena mtundu wa mankhwala.

Mwachitsanzo, ndime 172 ya Criminal Code palokha imatanthawuza chilango cha ntchito zabanki zoletsedwa, ndi Article 222 - chifukwa cha zida zogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi gulu la anthu (mbali 2 ndi 3).

Fomu yojambulira

Nthaŵi zina, n'zotheka kulankhula za kulengedwa kosaloledwa (kulenga) kwa bungwe lalamulo. Zoletsedwa ndi zoletsedwa zidzangotengedwa ngati zolembera, zomwe zolemba zamatsenga kapena mafano ogwiritsira ntchito adagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Pankhaniyi, ngakhale ngati khama likuchita ntchito zovomerezeka, kuphwanya lamulo lolembetsa kumaphatikizapo kulangidwa pansi pa ndime 173.1 ya Code Criminal ya Russian Federation.

Kupanga

Monga momwe zilili m'zolakwa zilizonse, chigamulo choyendetsedwa ndi Article 171 cha Criminal Code ya Russian Federation chiyenera kukhala ndi malemba, mwinamwake zochita sizikhala zoletsedwa.

Poganizira za malonda osagwirizana ndi malingaliro olakwika a lamulo lachigawenga, zikhoza kuzindikirika kuti zolembazo ndizosiyana, zakuthupi ndi zovomerezeka ndipo zili ndi ziyeneretso komanso makhalidwe abwino, zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Article 171 ya Criminal Code ya Russian Federation.

Njira Yofufuza

Kuwonekera kwa milandu iyi ndiko kupeza zizindikiro zomwe zingalole kunena za ntchito za wogulitsa malonda ngati zoletsedwa.

Palinso zamtundu wina pano. Wofufuzirayo ayenera kupeza ndondomeko zomwe ayenera kuziganizira, ndipo ngati bizinesi yomweyi ingakhale yoletsedwa. Kuphatikizanso apo, phindu lopindula mu ntchito ya bizinesi zosavomerezeka lilinso nkhani.

Ngati ndalamazi ndi zazikulu (kuphatikizapo katundu), kuchokera ku 1.5 million rubles, mlanduwu umakhala woyenera pa gawo 1 171 la nkhaniyo, ngati ndalama zambiri (kuchokera ku rubles 6 miliyoni), Article 171 ikugwira ntchito , Gawo 2 la Criminal Code.

Poyambirira, nkofunika kudziwa, makamaka, nkhani yeniyeni kuti iyeneretse, ndipo pokhapokha atenge umboni, malinga ndi zomwe zili kutsutsa.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati wamalonda ali ndi chilembetsero ndi olamulira a msonkho ndipo pali chilolezo cha mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito, koma mwakuchita mabizinesi amachita malonda pamtundu woyandikana nawo kapena wofananako, ndiye ziyenera kufanana ndi kuchita bizinesi popanda chilolezo.

Nchifukwa chiyani izi zikuchitika? Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti ntchito iliyonse ili ndi malamulo ake ndi zofunikira, kuyambira pa antchito ndikuthera ndi nyumba yomwe malonda angapezeke. Choncho, kuti muteteze mavuto ndi lamulo pakukhazikitsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zofanana (ntchito, kupanga), muyenera kupeza chilolezo kwa aliyense.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, ngati chilolezocho chikadalipo, koma nthawi yotsimikizirika yatha ndipo wogulitsa malonda akupitirizabe kugwira nawo ntchitoyi, izi zimaonedwa kuti ndi kuphwanya (Nkhani 171 ya Chipatala cha Russian Federation ndi ndemanga).

Zochitika za milandu

Ndikofunika kuzindikira udindo wa Khoti Lalikulu kuyanjana ndi amalonda omwe ali ndi chilolezo cha chinthu china. Malinga ndi Federal Law "Pazilolezo ..." chilolezo cha pempho sichikhazikitsidwa, ndikoti, n'zotheka kukonza bizinesi kudera lina, ndi kupeza chilolezo china (ngati, mwachitsanzo, pali nthambi kudera lonse).

Komabe, ngati dera lakhala likuyendetsa chinthu chosemphana ndi malamulo a Shirikisho kapena sichikukhoza kwa matupi awa, ndipo munthu wamalondayo walandira chilolezo pambali pachithunzichi, alibe udindo wotsutsa kapena udindo.

Kawirikawiri, pamodzi ndi ziyeneretso za umphawi zomwe zafotokozedwa mu Gawo 171 la Criminal Code la Russian Federation, chiweruzo chimatanthauza mitundu yambiri ya zoletsedwa, monga kukhetsa ndalama (Article 174), kugwiritsira ntchito chizindikiro cha wina (mfundo ya 180), ndi zina zotero.

Zovuta pakuyenerera

Pa chigamulo cha Khoti Lalikulu, lomwe linasindikizidwa pa November 17, 2004, njira yothetsera malonda osagwirizana ndi malamulo akuwonetsa zovuta zonse ndi nthawi za maphunziro ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa chilango. Choncho, malinga ndi chilemba, mavuto awa akuchitika:

- tanthauzo la phunziro;

- kusiyanitsa kwa zigawo zozungulira;

- lingaliro la ndalama - kusiyana pakati pa kugulitsa limodzi ndi bizinesi yokha.

Ponena za ndalama zapamwamba, zanenedwa kale kuti ndizoyenera kumvetsetsa ndalama zonse zomwe zatengedwa, poganizira momwe ndalamazo zakhalira. Ngati anthu angapo atenga nawo mbali, ndalamazo zimaganiziridwa ponseponse.

Kusiyanitsa pakati pa phindu la phindu la nthawi imodzi ndi bizinesi ndilo malangizo. Ngati munthu wagula foni yam'manja ku China, ndiye kuti anaigulitsa kwambiri ku Russia, sichikudziwika kuti ndi chinthu chogwirira ntchito ndipo sichikulangidwa ndi lamulo.

Ndalamayi, yomwe cholinga chake chinali kupanga phindu, kupitirizabe kugulitsa ndalama pa kugula katundu ndi malonda ake, imatengedwa kuti ndi ntchito ya malonda.

Popeza kuti mutu 171 uli ndi chiboliboli, ndizotheka kufotokozera chomwe kwenikweni malonda akukhazikika mu Article 2 ya Civil Code ya Russian Federation.

Pa milandu yoyandikanayo, akunenedwa pa nkhaniyi ngati zigawenga zikugwera m'gulu limodzi.

Zida zofanana

Mwachitsanzo, mungaganizire za malamulo a Criminal Criminal of the Russian Federation 171 ndi 159. Ndipo pazochitika zonsezi, wolakwirayo amachita, ndipo akuba. Choyamba pa nkhani yoyamba tikukamba za bizinesi yomwe imalimbikitsa phindu, yomwe idzakhala ndi chizoloŵezi chokhazikika, komanso m'nkhani yachiwiri - pokhudzana ndi kupeza (kosaloledwa), zosuntha kapena zosasunthika, kuphatikizapo ndalama. Pa nthawi yomweyi, chinyengo chingafanane ndi malonda kapena kukhala ndi zotsatira za zochita zoletsedwa ndi anthu wamba.

Tanthauzo la wolakwa

Funso lokhudzana ndi nkhani ya umbanda, likuwonekera mu chisankho chokwanira. Salola kuti polysemy ndikutanthawuza uthenga wosankhidwa kuti chilango chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nzika ina.

Choncho, udindo pa milandu zinthu zophwanya malamulo, kuphatikizapo ndi nyimbo ina, amanyamula munthu amene mwanjira ina wasankhidwa pa maziko okhazikika kapena zosakhalitsa, mutu wa kumalo a ntchito, monga nthambi ndi maudindo nthumwi (Nkhani 171 wa Code Wachifwamba Akuluakulu a ku Russia ndi ndemanga). Mawu osavuta, ndi mtsikana ngati wozengedwa yokha zofunika kwambiri.

Wogwila ntchito ku ogwira ntchito ndi kutsatira malangizo ake mutu sikudzakhala wopalamula pa ntchito oletsedwa pa mutu.

khotilo

motsimikiza A pansi Article 171 la Code Wachifwamba ayenera muli ofotokoza ndi zolinga mbali mwa zifukwa zimene anaganiza kuti ntchito kwambiri ndi nzika anali entrepreneurial.

Pambali ya upandu, chifukwa Tinalandira ndalama komanso mtengo kapena chuma, woyikidwa chiganizo amenewa, kumene ofotokoza ndi zolinga mbali ya zifukwa zolowa ndalama ngati boma.

Malo nzika amene akuzengedwa mlandu ngati wozengedwa, iye sankadziwa kufunika kulembetsa kapena wabwereka, zilibe kanthu: umbuli wa chilamulo Palibe chowiringula. Makamaka pankhani chigamulocho pa kukhazikitsa ntchito zina, mndandanda wa kwambiri moti n'zosatheka kusochera chabe. N'zokayikitsa kuti amapanga ntchito kabotolo Mwachitsanzo, sankadziwa kuti m'pofunika wabwereka.

Komanso, kampani iliyonse yaikulu, amene akufuna ntchito bizinesi pa nyumbayi mabungwe m'munda kuti chiphatso mokakamiza amafuna chikalatachi.