Sitima zapamadzi Project 641: zombo, zithunzi

Mu masiku a Chidani nkhondo pakati pa USSR ndi USA panyanja panali stalemate: pa dzanja limodzi, ndi mulidziwe analibe vuto ndi zombo padziko (kuphatikizapo zida onyamula), koma zombo m'dziko lathu (kuphatikizapo chifukwa cha intrigue lachinsinsi logwira) m'dera limeneli linali ofooka kwambiri. Koma Soviet Union anali ndi sitima zapamadzi. Zosiyanasiyana, panali chachikulu kwa aang'ono tingauone "makamaka nsomba," kuti chachikulu "nsombazi."

Ngakhale kuti waukulu chidwi mphamvu ya dziko lathu panthawiyo anali chida nyukiliya, ngakhale wodzichepetsa dizilo-magetsi sitima zapamadzi Project 641 zatenganso mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya shipbuilding.

Kwatsopano - zofunika zina

Ndi theka lachiwiri la 50 ntchentche Mu zaka zapitazo zinaonekeratu kuti "mayi wokalamba" wa ntchito 611 amafuna latsopano kale musati makalata. America pa nthawi imeneyo kale kwambiri atatsamira pa ntchito ya sitima zankhondo za nyukiliya, koma Soviet Union anapanga ndalama yaikulu ziwembu tingachipeze powerenga, ndi zoona.

Apa ndi kuti injini dizilo, ziribe kanthu momwe paradoxical zingaoneke, ndi phokoso kwambiri kuposa atomu: vuto la yotsirizira mu kugwedera, phokoso ku ntchito magudumu nthunzi ndipo condensing mayunitsi. Dizilo chomwecho sitima zapamadzi adalowetsedwa kupita kokha pa magetsi choncho phokoso la iwo ali otsika kwambiri.

Kusankha maboti Project 641

Monga kuloŵedwa m'malo ntchitoyi sitima zapamadzi 641 cholinga chake chinali kuphimba convoys apanyanja, chitetezo ochita malonda ndi kulankhulana, kukhala kugwirizana. Koma galimoto latsopanoli anayenera kukhala ndi liwiro ntchito bwino, kudziyimira pawokha kwambiri, mikhalidwe amoyo ndi moyo wa anthu ogwira ntchito, ndi chinthu chachikulu - kubweretsa zida kwambiri ndi pa bolodi.

Adalira unali ndi anthu 70, kuphatikizapo anthu 12 - alonda. Pakuti onse tinalengedwa zinthu kwambiri pa nthawi ya moyo, imene pa polojekiti 611 maboti anali mumangire. Makamaka omasuka anali sitima zapamadzi B-427 641 ntchito.

Makhalidwe yaikulu ya sitima zankhondo latsopano

Amene analinganiza anapanga wowopsa okonza SA Egorov ndi ZA Deribina. Corpus chitukuko amakhala ndi otsika lachimwemwe ndi chimaonekadi mumbali, "truncated" tsinde. inawo chidachitika kuti azipeza ndi seaworthiness ya sitima zapamadzi ndi panabukanso. Maboti cha polojekitiyi ali katswiri ndi fairings kutchulidwa mu mphuno, amene kutumikira kuwaganizira Rada osiyanasiyana ndi zipangizo zina.

Koma zipangizo, chipinda choyamba - pachikhalidwe ndi looneka. Sitima zapamadzi Project 641 bwato akhoza moto torpedoes kuti akuya mamita 80. Chipinda chachiwiri ankakhala, panali, kuphatikizapo, ndi komwera mowa. Mu chipinda chomwecho pansi sitimayo kupanga, ndi okonza kuti anaika paketi batire. Wachinayi anali (kale) malo ofesi chapakati ili.

Komanso, panali moyo kanyumba ndi zina paketi batire. The gawo lachisanu - dizilo, zili zotsatira injini ya magetsi, ndi yamasika, yemwe ndi chiwiri, zachokera kubwerera oponya machubu.

Maonekedwe a mtundu wa boti komanso yodziwika ndi mpanda kwambiri padziko kanyumba. Ndi "yaikulu" pa iye kanthu kukacha. Komanso, fairing pamphuno, amene takambirana kale, si poonekera kokha, komanso mpweya umene ndi zida kupereka injini dizilo pansi pa madzi.

sitima zankhondo anali atakonzekera ndi mtundu uwu?

Waukulu armament - sikisi machubu uta oponya, omwe amathandizana zinayi chakudya kwambiri. Koma onse zofanana - m'mphuno, mwamsanga pamene iwo zili ndi wapadera kudya dongosolo recharging. Onse zipolopolo - 22 torpedoes. Amenewa anaphatikizapo choyamba ndi "telemetry" chitsanzo, lotengeka ndi waya. Komabe, mu nkhondo zambiri nyamulani mphindi 1/3, m'malo torpedoes iwo. Kwa wotsogolera ntchito yowotcha akukumana zovuta "Leningrad-641".

Sitima zankhondo anali atakonzekera ndi torpedoes ndi zokwana nyukiliya, koma iwo ankafuna yekha kuukira pamwamba zombo za adani.

specifications injini

Mtima wa sitima zapamadzi ndi atatu basi dizilo 37D chitsanzo. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi gazoturbonadduvom, ateteze zigawo zikuluzikulu za yaikulu wapogawanikira soundproofing. Monga tanena kale, chifukwa njira m'madzi kukumana Motors awiri magetsi a mtundu PG 101. Mphamvu lililonse ndi 1350 malita. a. Pali galimoto kubwerera PG 102, amene mphamvu yomweyo HP 2700 Komanso pali ndalama 140 ndiyamphamvu PG 104. Izo ntchito milandu pamene muyenera kusamalira chuma, "atakhala" pa kutsinde chimodzimodzi ndi PG 102.

Ndi kayendedwe bwato angagwiritse ntchito atatu injini, sitepe sipangakhalenso amangosankha anasintha ndi ogwira ntchito. Padziko ntchito yotumiza dizilo, imene pa nthawi yomweyo mlandu mabatire.

zimango

Atatu migodi ndi zomangira atatu, chinthu chimene zikhoza kusintha mwa ogwira ntchito. Onse chiwongolero mozama ndi malangizo anali atatu okha pagalimoto: hayidiroliki, magetsi ndi Buku, amatchedwanso "mwayi wotsiriza". Achikhalire loyamba basi olimba "Marble" ntchito, zomwe kwambiri facilitates ntchito ogwira ntchito ndi kuyan'anila malo a sitima zapamadzi m'malere.

energetics

Poyamba bwato anaika rechargeable batire 46SU chitsanzo, kenako m'malo mwa 48cm kwambiri wangwiro ndi capacious. Total pa bolodi sitima zapamadzi zinali 448 maselo. N'zotheka kuti ena maboti angagwiritsidwe ntchito batire mtundu 60SU. maumboni awo zopezeka mu nkhani zingapo za Maulendo a submariners Soviet (makamaka, izo anatchula sitima zapamadzi B-427 641 ntchito), koma ndiye mwina tili ndi inaccuracy mwachizolowezi.

Zatsopano mu pa bolodi zida

Mu kamangidwe ka chombo m'gulu ingapezeke sonar, Rada ndi zida navigation, ena zina zamakono (kwa nthawi zimenezo) zida. Kudziwa mipherezero padziko ntchito makina ounikira dongosolo "mbendera" ndi siteshoni patsogolo MG-10 hydrophone akhoza kulandira chizindikiro osati wake, koma ena "asdikov". Ali yemweyo cholinga zovuta "Arktika-M", amene nthaŵi zonse amachita akafuna yogwira.

Ngati inu kugula chitsanzo sitima zapamadzi B-28 Project 641, tikhoza kuwona kuchuluka lalikulu mu mphuno, amene munali zamagetsi onse.

Kutetezela chabe ngalawa ndi "Kuwala M", limene likuthandiza ngakhale kuposa ena sonar nyemba. ELINT anachita ndi zovuta "freewheeling". Tikumbukenso kuti ndondomeko kupanga mu kamangidwe ka maboti amenewa nthawi zonse kusintha kwambiri, choncho molondola kufotokoza njira zonse pa bolodi zida sizigwira ntchito. Modernized sitima zapamadzi pansi pa chizindikiro 641B.

The zovuta yaikulu ya nkhani opareshoni

Kumayambiriro kwa akatswiri yomanga anapeza kuti malire a chitetezo kwa wamakono wa ntchito muyezo pafupifupi palibe. Ndipo chifukwa cha kumangidwa kwa sitima zankhondo chatha ija, iwo ankakhulupirira kuti cholinga pafupifupi pa amapita. Chifukwa cha kusintha wakhala kwathunthu kachiwiri okonzeka ndi kukonzanso anakonza chipinda chachisanu, okonza m'malo injini dizilo chodalirika, m'malo anali pansi mabatire muyezo.

Kumadzulo, sitima zankhondo awa mofulumira anadziwika monga Foxtrot. Iwo anali mmodzi wa sitima zankhondo loyamba la ntchito kuti anatitumiza paulendo ogwirizana okhaokha osonkhezera mu Warsaw ke, komanso ena, ovomereza-Soviet mayiko. Mwachitsanzo, sitima zankhondo awiri yomweyo pambuyo nyumba anaperekedwa kwa Poland ndi India ambiri anaika sitima zapamadzi wapadera, amene anali chiwerengero kusiyana lalikulu kwa asilikali pachiyambi.

Choncho, pali anaiika mabatire osiyana, anali ndi moyo wautali pamene ntchito pa kutentha, mu chipinda chachinayi anachotsa cabins awiri basi, potero pa sitima zapamadzi anatha kuika mpweya dongosolo, komanso ndodo akhala ndithu kuchuluka mphamvu madzi abwino. Monga ndinkafuna izo, sitima zapamadzi wathu B-28 641 ntchito, anakakamizika nthawi imodzi yaitali chikopa ku America kotentha!

Current paki boma

Total kunja (kupatulapo mayiko zokomera bloc) wadutsa 13 sitima zankhondo zimenezi, ndipo tiri nawo, makamaka Libya ndi Cuba. Pakali pano, maboti izi ndendende kuchotsedwa ntchito kunkhondo ku India, chitsulo m'ma 2000s, anawatumiza zombo ziwiri Poland, tsogolo la mpumulo sakudziwika. Ambiri mwina, iwo basi butchered kwa zidutswa. Mu utumiki wa dziko lathu ndi amayendera dizilo bwato ntchito 641 (monga, mfundo wopereŵera), koma ndithu posachedwapa olembedwa kutali, monga lero m'malo zosintha zaka "Lada" ndi zina sitima zankhondo dizilo ndi mphamvu ya magetsi.

Komanso mpukutu wina ndi mu utumiki ndi Bulu Chiyukireniya (ndipo ndi sitima zapamadzi okha mbali). N'zoona kuti chikhalidwe cha galimoto kotero kuti wakhala mobwerezabwereza anapereka kudula zitsulo, monga kukonza ake ndi kale kosathandiza. Kuti pali mfundo yakuti mu 2012 chombo ichi kwa nthawi yoyamba mu zaka 20, kusiya njira yake kunka m'nyanja. Ukrainians kupulumutsidwa kokha kuti 641 ntchito (sitima zankhondo) lomwe lili ndi chithunzi cha oimira m'nkhani, anali wodalirika kwambiri ku mfundo luso view.

Cuba chida mavuto

Mu kumadzulo kwa sitima zapamadzi wa mtundu uwu wakhala zodziŵika mu nthawi ya chida mavuto Cuba. Iwo nawo kuswa anatseka misewu ndi Cuba, ndipo chiŵerengero cha sitima zankhondo nawo ntchito ndi osadziwika lero. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti panali sitima zankhondo za polojekiti 641 19 Brigade. The oyeretsa anali kugwira ntchito ndi mavuto, monga kutentha mu zipinda ndi zina anafika madigiri 60 Celsius, ndipo tiwolokere kwa mpweya wabwino komanso pochita batire sakanatha, kuti poopa ndi makhoti US. Kalanga ine tingachipeze powerenga sitima zapamadzi Project 641 analibe mpweya ...

Wotere kovuta, ndi oyeretsa, ndipo ngakhale sitima zapamadzi mkulu zina mwa masiku ochepa sanadziwe chimene chinkachitika mu dziko, ndipo palibe Soviet Union ndi United States mu boma nkhondo. Only luso mkulu ndi kukakumana kupewedwa tsoka zosaneneka. Ndipotu, pa gulu lililonse sitima zapamadzi anali torpedoes ndi zokwana nyukiliya!

Pali umboni wosonyeza kuti 60s pakhala milandu kukhudzana pafupifupi 641 maboti polojekiti ndi owononga American. Makamaka fanizo case, akale mu 1962. M'madzi bwato ntchito 641 ndi chiwerengero cha B-36 kwa nthawi yaitali apolisi kumagwa Cuba, bwinobwino kusunthira kutali kudziwika US Navy. Usiku wina, pa chitunda chizolowezi, iye chinaoneka pa bolodi ndi wosadziwika ofunkha American, oyendetsa amene (popanda chenjezo lililonse) anapanga odana ndi sitima zapamadzi oponya Launch.

Mwamwayi, oyendetsa wa B-36 wachita zinthu mwanzeru ndipo nthawi zonse. kumuukira anathawa koma ... America yaitali ankazunza bwato (kupita mwakuya kunali kosatheka batire ndi akatulutsidwa) ndi mwazisiya mlingo wake wa firecrackers ndi mabomba ngakhale wamba, kudutsa Glusha efa. Kugonjera telegalamu ku Moscow zinali chabe pofuna chitatu.

Ngakhale kuti panali chitsutso, oyendetsa anatha kusiya anawalondola. Ndipo ngakhale pambuyo pake, bwato anapitiriza kuti apitirize ntchito nkhondowo ndi kupita Kola Peninsula pokhapokha ambiri a batire ndi kunja kwa dongosolo. Zikufanana anali m'ngalawa ya sitima zapamadzi B-28 Project 641, koma panalibe kuukira oponya.