Chidani. magawo ake ndi mapeto

"Chidani" anali nkhondo padziko lonse, geopolitical ndi chuma nkhondo pakati Soviet Union ndi United States of America , mothandizidwa ndi ogwirizana zosiyanasiyana kumbali zonse. atasemphana inatenga pafupifupi zaka makumi asanu (kuchokera mu 1946 mpaka 1991).

"Chidani" si nkhondo asilikali tanthauzo loona. Maziko mlanduwo anali malingaliro a awiri mitundu yamphamvu kwambiri ya mdziko pa nthawi. Izi ofufuza chitsutso yodziwika monga kutsutsana kwambiri kwambiri pakati pa zokomera ndi dongosolo capitalist. Ukuimira chakuti "nkhondo ozizira" anayamba nthawi yomweyo Tikachoka lachiwiri World nkhondo, zinachititsa m'mayiko awiriwa anali opambana. Ndipo monga mu dziko pa nthawi imene anali chogwidwa ndi zinawonongekera, analenga zinthu abwino anakankhira pa m'madera ambiri a kasamalidwe chitsanzo mwa anthu. Koma, mwatsoka, United States ndi la Soviet Union panthawi imeneyo osiyana maganizo awo, choncho mbali mukufuna kupita patsogolo pa mdani ndi kupanga gawo lalikulu, pamene anthu sanali kudziwa zimene amakhulupirira ndiponso mmene moyo posachedwapa kufalitsa mfundo zawo. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anthu anataya limati kukhulupirira adzakhala wopambana wa dziko ndiponso kupangitsa izo kupyolera chuma chawo anthu ndi masoka.

standoff Izi zigawo "Chidani", lomwe ndi zotsatirazi:

- Home (1946-1953 gg.). gawo lino akhoza yodziwika monga Pofuna wa USSR ndi US kusunga mwambo woyamba ku Ulaya, akanadziŵa ndi Kuuluka mfundo za. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, kuyambira 1948, ali Anapachikidwa pa dziko n'zotheka nkhondo yatsopano, kotero onse boma anayamba mofulumira kukonzekera nkhondo latsopano.

- Pa anangotsala pang'ono nkhondo ya zida (1953-1962 gg.). Nthawi imeneyi, mgwirizano pakati pa adani zinasintha pang'ono ndipo iwo anayamba kupanga maulendo waubwenzi kwa wina ndi mnzake. Koma pa nthawi iyi ku Ulaya mmodzimmodzi anayamba ulimi kuti kusamalira dziko lawo. USSR mwachangu kuthetsa chisokonezo anayamba akupha nkhondo inayamba. The United States sanathe amalola ufulu mdani ndipo ayamba kusintha awo dongosolo mpweya chitetezo. Motero, ubwenzi sakuyenda kachiwiri.

- kumaliseche gawo (1962-1979 gg.). Nthawi imeneyi, mphamvu m'mayiko chikumenyana anabwera olamulira ndiwofatsa kwambiri amene alibe akufuna kukhala asamenyane yogwira, zomwe tikhoza kuyambitsa nkhondo.

- A wozungulira yatsopano ya nkhondoyo (1979-1987 gg.). Siteji yotsatira linayamba Soviet Union anatuma asilikali Afghanistan ndi kukagogoda kangapo ndi ndege yachilendo yapachiweniweni anawuluka pamwamba pa dziko. Zimene aukali chikwiyire pa US kuonetsetsa kuti apatsidwa awo roketi launchers m'gawo la m'mayiko ambiri ku Ulaya, kumene kumene, zinakwiyitsa Soviet Union kale.

- The kudza kwa ulamuliro Gorbachev ndi mapeto ya nkhondoyo (1987-1991 gg.). The watsopano Soviet wolamulira sanafune kupitiriza nkhondo ndi mfundo m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. Makamaka chifukwa malamulo ake anali Cholinga chake ndi kuthetsa wa boma chikominisi, amene anali tate wa chitsutsocho ndale ndiponso zachuma a mbali US.

Mapeto a "nkhondo ozizira" kutanthauza kuti Soviet Union adapangana kuti zokambirana akuluakulu, makamaka sakhudzidwa ndi mphamvu ku Ulaya, makamaka popeza mayiko anagonjetsa kuti unachoka chisokonezo ndi chinayamba paokha. Soviet Union anayamba kuona mavuto kwambiri amene anatsogolera mu December 1991 azingokhala yomaliza ya Union of Soviet Socialist. Choncho, "nkhondo ozizira" sikunapangitse zotsatira zabwino chifukwa dziko lathu, ndipo wakhala mbali ina imene inachititsa kuti kugwa kwa boma lalikulu.