Sergei Yutkevich: chithunzi, banja, ndi yonena

Wotchuka Soviet wosewera, wotsogolera, wolemba, chithunzi ed ndi filimu theorist Sergei Yutkevich analowa mu dziko la chisunzo wamng'ono kwambiri, inu mukhoza kunena, mwana, ndipo anakhalabe kufikira m'masiku otsiriza a moyo wake yaitali zipatso. Creative njira munthu uyu zakhala zovuta osalala, koma sanasiye anasankha msewu kamodzi.

Kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yolenga

Yutkevich anabadwa Sergei I. mu St. Petersburg mu 1904 (twente-chitatu wa December). Ndipo m'chaka chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri anayamba moyo wake kulenga. Russia ankalota nkhondo yapachiweniweni, koma amakonda ndi maloto a ntchito ndi kuchita, mtsikana kuwaŵerenga zimene zikuchitika m'dzikoli ndi mwamakani anapita ku cholinga chake.

The wosewera wamng'ono, wojambula, wotsogolera wothandizira wotchedwa Sergei Yutkevich Sevastopol ndi Kiev moyenerera angatchedwe wake "mwana wankhuku" - pambuyo malo onse a mumzindawo "fledge" kuthekera nyenyezi n'kumene Chithunzi Anthu a tsogolo la Soviet Union analandira choyamba nawo ntchitoyo ndipo amanoledwa luso lake .

Koma chizolowezi ndi chizolowezi, ndipo popanda maphunziro sindingakhoze kupita patali, ndi wamng'ono nugget ali bwinobwino. Mu 1921, seventini Sergei Yutkevich akulowa Theatre ndi luso luso Art zokambirana, yomwe itha mu 1923. Masiku omwewo zapakati pa maphunziro ake pa zokambirana State Apamwamba kutsogolera, moderated ndi Vsevolod Meyerhold.

chosintha luso

Nthawi imene anagwa Sergei Yutkevich njira yoyamba luso, yodziwika ndi kusintha yovuta moyo wa m'dzikolo. Russia anati tiwonana wachikulire onse ndi kumanga kudzoza kwatsopano. Mwachibadwa, ndi maganizo chosintha anakhudzidwa sing'anga wosewera wa.

Mu 1922 Yutkevich S. ndi G. Kozintsev ndi thandizo la L. ndi G. Trauberg Kryzhitsky anapereka Ndondomeko pansi pa ovuta mutu "eccentricity", omwe anakhala ongolankhula maziko FEKS (Factory wa wosewera Eccentric). Cholinga cha Olemba Ndondomeko anali kulenga zatsopano, chosintha luso, kuti iwo anali kupita kupereka dziko, kaphatikizidwe Mitundu yosiyanasiyana: siteji, masewera aja, zisudzo ndi ntchito zokopa. Zinali luso pamene chikufunikira ndi achinyamata Soviet boma.

zaka ziwiri pambuyo mawu mokweza SERGEY Yutkevich anasamuka ku mawu kanthu ndi kutulutsa filimu "Perekani wailesi!" Ponena za moyo wa ana likulu la msewu. Mu sewero lanthabwala izi eccentric motsogoleredwa ndi kuyesera kutchula ganizo la kuyanjana Mitundu. The oponya voti anatenga chithunzi kwabasi.

Ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, ndi experimental Yutkevich kinokollektiv ndipo anakhala mtsogoleri wawo. Kufunafuna mitundu yatsopano ya luso kupitiriza.

"Lenfilm"

Mu 1928 Yutkevich-wotsogolera akuyamba "kukula mu" odalirika, ndipo anaikidwa mutu wa kinomasterskoy Choyamba pa "Lenfilm".

Atalandira zoterezi positi zofunika, Sergei I. amayesetsa mmene ndingathere kuzindikira maganizo awo kulenga, koma apo icho chinali. boma Soviet ankafunika mafilimu a nkhani zina, ndi atsogoleri sanayese n'komwe kuzimitsa njira mwachindunji wa zokomera ndi kukhazikitsa ena a malingaliro awo.

Poyamba Yutkevich kufunabe mwanjira kuphatikiza zatsopano lake ndi kuti chikhalidwe ( "Black kupalasa", "zingwe"), koma kwa nthawi yaitali sikunali kokwanira. Movies "kauntala", "Golden Mountains", ndi zina zotero. E., Wotengedwa motsogozedwa ndi mkulu wachinyamata kenako tatchulazi, kale zinapatsira ndi mfundo kupyolera.

Chifukwa cha mphamvu

Nthawi Sergei Yutkevich safuna pofuna kupewa khungu. Mmodzi wa anthu amene angatchedwe zopelekedwa "Ankara - Turkey mtima", pomwe wodalirika nkhani yoona mogwira mtima pamodzi ndi storyline pachiyambi. kuyesera anali bwino Yutkevich.

Koma pofika m'ma mmasate ndi ufulu ndinali kulumikiza - kwambiri nkhawa kwambiri inali nthawi. Kuyambira chaka pafupi sate-chachinayi cha Sergei I. amachotsa chokha chimene angathe ndipo ayenera kuchotsedwa. Iye amadziwa kuti pabwalo ndi ofunika nthawi, zosayenera ndithu kwa kuyesera kulenga.

Zojambula "Anthuwa," "Man ndi Mfuti", "Yakov Sverdlov" ndi zina zotero. E., By theka lachiwiri la mmasate ndi, analimbikitsa ndi otsutsa ndi mphoto ngakhale kupereka boma. Koma mtengo luso la pafupifupi zinkaimira. Chapakati kuti awa anali Soviet mfundo.

Mwa njira, mu filimu "Man ndi Mfuti" Yutkevich woyamba anakhudza Lenin mutu chomwe pambuyo chinasinthidwa imodzi yofunika kwambiri ntchito m'tsogolo.

Jack ntchito zonse

Yutkevich Sergei adzasintha dziko luso osati monga filmmaker a. Iye anali bwana bwino kutsogolera situdiyo "Soyuzdetfilm" mphunzitsi wake, wachidwi kwambiri adamthamangira luso wotsutsa, theorist ndi luso. E., zambiri zinthu guises onsewa nthawi imodzi. Iyeyu anali ndi mwayi kugwira ntchito wotsogolera nyimbo ndi kuvina gulu loyimba wa Affairs Internal Komiti ya anthu kuyambira 1939 mpaka 1946.

Nthawi zambiri, chisanadze nkhondo ndi nkhondo zaka sankawabisira kwa Yutkevich uyenderere a ntchito ya kulenga. Iye ngakhale anakwanitsa kuwombera zingapo "kupitirira" mafilimu, kuphatikizapo mwachitsanzo, sewero lanthabwala "The New Zopatsa Chidwi cha Schweik." Nthawi imeneyi, maestro anali chabe Nditatsegula. Ophunzira, amene ndi mwayi zokwanira kuphunzira yomwe a wotsogolera VGIK Sergei Iosifovich, anakumbukira kuti mphunzitsi wawo nthawi zonse penapake akutayika; kuti pa kuwombera mu France, pa chikondwerero, ndiye "Mosfilm". Ndipo pamene pali: zokongola, onunkhira - ophunzira sindikanakhoza kutenga maso ake iye. Sergei Yutkevich, chithunzi chimene m'nkhani ino, nthawizonse inali yowala, maonekedwe wosaiwalika. M'nthawi anafotokoza kuti munthu abwino, osangalatsa kwambiri.

wakuda lamizeremizere

Koma pambuyo pa nkhondo chifukwa Yutkevich wayamba ndi lamizeremizere wakuda. Theka lachiwiri la makumi anai ndi - mwina yovuta kwambiri pa moyo wa anthu opanga film, ndipo anayamba ndi ntchito imodzi pa mutu wake ndiwotani (za Ilyich).

Ndi anatengera nawo sewerolo Pogodin "boma la Russia chimes", amene ayenera achita mu kugawa, amatchedwa "Kuunika kwa Russia".

Atakhala ndi "Zokoma" chithunzipo, utsogoleri chipani anaganiza kuti fano la Lenin chaululidwa izo wamkulu mokwanira, ndi wolemba anabwera pansi akukhudzidwa akuwadzudzula. Yutkevich ndinakumbukira zonse, ndi loyamba zatsopano ake onse prewar. Director mlandu cosmopolitanism, mu kowtowing kwa America ndi Opanga filimuyi ake, anamutcha iye ndi esthete ndi formalist.

Pa chaka cha forte naini a Sergei I. ndinakakamizika kusiya University ndipo Institute of Tirhana na kwa nthawi kusamukira ku kutsogolera.

Tibwerere m'chigonjetso

Mu 1952 Yutkevich amapanga pofuna kubwerera ku dziko ya mafilimu a kanema, kuchotsa filimu ndi kutali ndale, "Przewalski" ndi mbiri ya wofufuza wotchuka. Koma potsiriza kuwapatsanso "kuwonjezera" wotsogolera amalowerera atamwalira Stalin. Ndipo kuyambira m'katikati makumi asanu moyo wake wonse wa zilandiridwenso ndi kuzindikira dziko.

Mufilimuyi "The Great Wankhondo Albania Scanderbeg" analandira mphoto mu Cannes. Musaiwale za zisudzo ndi maestro. Anabwerera ku University ndipo nthawi zonse amasangalala omvera ndi chuma chawo chatsopano. Kwenikweni zaka khumi "cholembera chake" kuchokera kwa pafupi makumi atatu zisudzo. Chidwi kwambiri anthu amenewa anamucha kusewera "kusamba", "Bug", "Rise of Arturo UI" ndi zina zotero. D.

Yutkevich mwachangu amayenda kunja wake manja aŵiri ku France, anayambitsa loweruza wa Cannes Film Chikondwerero, ndi ngakhale kupereka malo wotsatila mutsogoleli wadziko la cinematics anthu.

Pamodzi ndi French Sergei I. amachotsa filimu "Mutu kwa Short Nkhani" za moyo wa Chekhov. Painting chotchuka kwambiri ndi anthu European ku Soviet Union kunali anthu ambiri.

Lenin

Monga taonera, mmodzi wa mitu yaikulu mu ntchito za Sergei Yutkevich anali Vladimir Ilyich Lenin. Zinali zovuta amaganiza kuti wotsogolera kamodzinso kuti ndikaonekere kwa munthu uyu pambuyo kupenta "Kuunika kwa Russia" imene anam'bweretsera vuto lochuluka chotero. Komabe Yutkevich amachotsa filimu "Nkhani za Lenin". Mu izo, iye amanga pa pedestal Ilyich St., chabwino, kapena osachepera wachilungamo, wachifundo ndi wokhulupirika mu dziko.

Buku linanso wodzipereka kwa mtsogoleri wa proletariat chinali kupenta "Lenin ku Poland", ndi anatengera filimu mu 1965. Anamutengera Yutkevich kupambana kwakukulu ndi mwachikulu imodzi yabwino mu deta yake. Apa, mbuye potsiriza amalowerera kukumana kwathunthu Kale chilakolako chake cha kuyesera. Mufilimuyi anapambana Cannes Film Chikondwerero, komanso Prize State wa USSR.

Ndipo chithunzi china chachotsedwa Yutkevich za Ilyich. Njirayi imatchedwa "Lenin ku Paris", kumasulidwa tsiku - 1981. Iwo angatchedwe otsiriza ntchito yapadera ya SERGEY Iosifovich. Mufilimuyi nawonso alandira State Prize la USSR, koma otsutsa icho, kuziyika izo modekha, zinalephereka ndipo zosakhutiritsa mwa mawu a mtengo luso.

Pa mzere mapeto

Sergei Yutkevich amene anayamba ntchito wachinyamata, sanapite naye mpaka masiku ake otsiriza. M'chaka eyite-chachiwiri, iye ntchito mu Moscow Music Komiti Theatre, kumene ankachitika masewero a Alexander Blok "Mlendo" ndi "zisudzo zoonera". Komanso, Maestro anapitiriza "sculpt" mafelemu kwa dziko la zisudzo ndi mafilimu a kanema pa VGIK, analemba mabuku, ndipo ngakhale lolembedwa ndi "Kinoslovar".

Sergei Yutkevich Banja

SERGEY Iosifovich Yutkevich anakwatira msinkhu wake chomwecho - ndi katswiri wovina Elena Ilyushchenko. ukwati uwu unali umodzi wake yekha. Banjalo kukondana ndipo anali wokhoza kusunga maganizo awo ndi zaka kucha akale.

Ngati tiyenda pachimene amanyadira m'moyo uno SERGEY Yutkevich, mwana wamkazi Marianne kwenikweni kukumbukira. Pambuyo anapita ku mapazi bambo ake ndi kukwaniritsa dera ukhale wake ndithu. Marianne Yutkevich (Shaternikova) anakhala filimu wotsutsa, zikugwira ntchito yophunzitsa, anaphunzira mbiri ya mafilimu a kanema.

M'chaka ninetieth Yutkevich mwana anasiya USSR, anasamuka ku United States. Pa nthawi imeneyo, makolo ake sanalinso moyo.

Chithunzi anthu a USSR Yutkevich anafa twente-wachitatu wa April 1985. phulusa lake mpumulo mu Novodevichy manda ku Moscow. Elena anapulumuka mwamuna wake kwa zaka ziwiri, anamwalira mu 1987.