Dizilo Sandama: specifications ndi ndemanga

Chimodzi cha zolakwa zikuluzikulu za makampani Russian magalimoto ndi kupanda misa magalimoto dizilo. Polingalira za opanga m'dera ndi ntchito za m'gulu lina. Kukula kwa Motors izi linayamba mu theka lachiwiri la atumwi wotsiriza, ndi njira misa akadali sizimawoneka. Kenako, tikambirana magalimoto dizilo Vaz.

prerequisites

Woyamba magalimoto experimental dizilo anaonekera mu Europe mu 30s lapansi. Mu zaka zapitazo. Mu USSR, izi zinachitika nthawi zambiri, zifukwa zingapo.

Choyamba, mayunitsi mphamvu izi zili zovuta kwambiri popanga poyerekeza ndi Anzawo petulo.

Chachiwiri, diesels kuti nthawi ndithu lagged kumbuyo ntchito.

Kachitatu, Motors Local anali atanena kuti ntchito zoipa: mkulu phokoso msinkhu, mavuto a ozizira chiyambi otsika zachilengedwe ubwanawe.

Kachinayi, pa nthawi imene mafuta anali wotsika mtengo ngakhale ena makina katundu anali okonzeka ndi injini mafuta. Malinga diesels zifukwa zimagwiritsa ntchito pa makina katundu, kumene iwo anali okhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa injini mafuta chifukwa mkulu-makokedwe.

Munthu woyamba Soviet galimoto, kupeza injini dizilo, anakhala GAZ 21, ndi katundu wake analogue: mu 60s lapansi. makina Belgium zokuzira ndi embodiments angapo injini mumlengalenga kupanga yachilendo.

Mu 70 ntchentche. Iwo anayamba kufalitsa yogwira injini dizilo mu magalimoto ang'ono ndi makalasi sing'anga. Chifukwa chachikulu chinali mavuto mphamvu ya 1973 Cars & Motors Local mwa ndiye zayambika kwambiri. Anali opambana kuposa petulo Anzawo mawu a dzuwa ndi durability ndi nthawi 1.5-2, chifukwa mphamvu zazikulu za mbali. Irinso kumatheka chifukwa cha ntchito turbines.

Choyamba vazovskiy dizilo

Pa za Volga galimoto Bzalani kukhala injini dizilo kwa zonyamula zitsanzo inayamba mu 80s. Okonza, anaganiza kumanga mota ndi mafuta opangidwa ndi zigawo sayansi, kutsimikiziridwa ntchito pa 2108. Mu patsogolo pawo panali vuto kulibe zida mafuta a injini dizilo magalimoto anthu.

Chifukwa, pa maziko a chipika 2103 analenga mumlengalenga powerplant Vaz-341 buku malita 1,45 ndi malita 55. a. Kumasiyana precombustion kapangidwe akwanitse osati carburetion pisitoni dera, ndipo mu chipinda osiyana. Electronics kwina. Kufalitsidwa kwa mafuta mu zonenepa anatenga kuthamanga mafuta mpope. Ndi mamangidwe, dizilo Vaz ofanana Ford Motors ndi galimoto oyambirira 80 ntchentche. Vuto injini ndi chitsanzo otsiriza watengedwa kuti chitukuko.

Malinga ndi zotsatira za anatsimikizira kuti ndi zosavomerezeka kwa ntchito muyezo "mafuta" mbali. Dizilo Vaz, ngati Motors zina za mtundu yodziwika ndi katundu chinawonjezeka chifukwa psinjika chiŵerengero apamwamba. Chifukwa cha ichi ambiri a zinthu akusowa mphamvu, makamaka limagwirira tiyipukuse ndi pisitoni gulu. zinthu zikuchitika kupanga otsika mwatsatanetsatane.

Kuchokera pa ichi, mu 1984, anaganiza kuti akonze 1.7 lita dizilo zochokera Vaz-2106 ntchito zinthu 21083.

Mu 1986 iye analenga Baibulo turbocharged wa 3411 mphamvu malita 65. a. ndi 114 NM, ndipo anamasulidwa awiri okonzeka ndi izo, "Niva" ndi index wa 21215. Komabe, iwo ali kunja kwa dongosolo posachedwa.

Komabe, Vaz-2105 ndi 341-mamita galimoto analandira mayesero boma index 21055, wadutsa mu 1986-1988 Komabe, ngakhale kugwirizana kwa injini ndi mafuta, galimoto sanamuthawe kupanga. Ichi chinali chifukwa zifukwa zambiri. Mmodzi wa chachikulu - chifukwa choti boma ndalama.

injini mndandanda dizilo

nyengo yotsatira chitukuko cha injini dizilo Sandama anatenga mu 1996 ndi "Barnaultransmash". Terms mgwirizano ankaganiza kuti chomera chachiwiri udzabala mayunitsi mphamvu Vaz chitukuko. banja la injini atatu zinalengedwa.

Anakhala koyamba 341-TH galimoto, kuchuluka kwa 1,52 malita buku. More imayenera injini 343 anali ndi buku la malita 1.8. Njira yamphamvu kwambiri - ndi chimodzimodzi dizilo Vaz okonzeka ndi IHI chopangira mphamvu, ndi zosonyezera 3431. The injini analandira zida mafuta Bosch.

Malinga ndi iyi osiyanasiyana zosintha dizilo zitsanzo muyezo. injini oterowo anakonza ntchito pa galimoto yothandiza. Choncho, 21045 ndi 21048 ngolo anakonza akonzekeretse aspirated embodiments 341 ndi 343, motero. Pa "Njira" 21215-50 ndi 21215-70 kuti kuikidwa lita 1.8 mwachibadwa aspirated ndi turbocharged injini, motero, pa Vaz-21315 - 3431 chokha.

Ndi 2000 Barnaul Bzalani katswiri kupanga injini dizilo, deta, ndiponso kudzera woyendetsa kupanga anayamba pa unsembe wa injini dizilo Vaz-2104 ndi 2105. Magalimoto amenewa amatuluka mu magulu ang'onoang'ono.

Ngakhale ntchito osauka, magalimoto galimoto anapita. Kwa odzichepetsa ntchito petulo mphamvu wagawo kuchepa mphamvu sikudakhala kwambiri makamaka kwa zitsanzo izi, koma chuma chawonjezeka kwambiri. Pa nthawi yomweyo injini adali ndi vuto lomweli monga woyamba 341 TH Vaz dizilo: chifukwa otsika mawotchi mphamvu ya gulu pisitoni zinali yochepa ankakhala kwambiri. Engine moyo unali 30-40 zikwi. Km. Akafike zinafunika mtunda ngati kukonza dizilo Vaz, wopangidwa mwa m'malo a yamphamvu pamodzi ndi gulu pisitoni.

Mavuto ambiri sayansi kuti ndiyakuti chifukwa kuchuluka injini durability. Komabe, mu 2003, Vaz-21045 inachotsedwa kupanga. Otsala 500 injini Vaz-341 anaika sedans, analandira index 21055. Total kutulutsa pafupifupi 6,000 magalimoto dizilo opitirira zaka 3.

Zifukwa kulephera

Kuŵeta magalimoto dizilo zonyamula alephera kukhazikitsa, pa zifukwa zingapo. Waukulu wa iwo - ndi chosapindulitsa za kumasulidwa kwa injini chifukwa chakuti kapangidwe kwambiri chakale. injini anali yemweyo precombustion chiwembu monga woyamba 341-TH zinachitika, ndipo kwambiri lagged kuseri kwa Anzawo yamakono ya ntchito ndi waubwenzi zachilengedwe. Pofuna kukwaniritsa ntchito yovomerezeka kunali koyenera kuti akonze injini kapangidwe osiyana. chitukuko Independent ankaona opanda pake, ndipo ndi anzawo luso ichi sanali. Komanso, mankhwala amagulitsidwa bwino Vaz ndipo popanda dizilo.

injini anabwereka

Popeza kuti panalibe yoyenera zonyamula misa dizilo Vaz mobwerezabwereza yobwereka galimoto mbali.

Choncho, mu 1981, gululi n'zotheka kusintha ndi mafuta injini Vaz-2121 mu nawo dizilo Porche.

Kuyambira 1987 mpaka mu 1990 Mlengi molumikizana ndi German importer Deutsche Lada zachitika dongosolo kulenga ndi katundu Baibulo la Niva ndi galimoto mphamvu unit. Komabe, kampani anakana kuti azolowere 1,9 lita ake injini kuti Niva nsanja.

Mu 1993 anakwanitsa kukhazikitsa mgwirizano mu chimodzimodzi Peugeot. Bungwe la French importer Jean Ngakhale wopanga wakhala ndinazolowera injini 1.9L XUD-9L kwa unsembe mu Vaz-2121. makina wopanga kuchita "Lada-Tumizani". Pali zambiri anapulumutsa "Niva", ndi mota muyezo m'malo ndi French. Total kutulutsa pafupifupi 6,000 magalimoto amenewa mu France, Spain, Italy ndi misika zina European.

Komanso, mu Italy, "Martorelli" zida "Niva" galimoto VM ndi FNM.

Komabe, ndi kumayambiriro mfundo zachilengedwe Yuro-2 ang'onoang'ono kupanga dizilo "Neve" anamaliza.

Mu 1998, pamodzi ndi Peugeot ndi "Martorelli" Vaz akhazikitsa yopanga "Njira" ndi galimoto Peugeot XUD-9SD. Komabe, ntchito analinso ndi kutsekedwa chifukwa kukhazikitsa mfundo Yuro-3.

Komanso, kuchokera 1995 mpaka 1997 injini PSA TDU5 ku Peugeot 106 ndi Citroen Saxo ndi ZOWONJEZERA lachitatu chipani ndi zokuzira ndi original ogwiritsa Samara chifukwa msika French ndi maiko Benelux.

Zimene Recent

Mu 2007, Chevrolet Niva pa munthu ankafuna "Mutu Plus" amapereka FNM galimoto.

Mu 2014, Lada 4x4 ntchito ndi 1.3 lita 75 HP. a. mota Fiat Multijet. Pankhaniyi, izo zinali zosagwirizana ndi kufala kwa makokedwe Kuchepetsa kapena analogi circuitry Kulumikizana kwa akhoza kukwera basi.

Super magalimoto kufufuza kuthekera atakhala kuti "Lada" 4x4 1.5 lita injini dizilo ku Renault Duster ndi 2015. Komanso, galimoto komanso wakhala analengedwa 100 ndiyamphamvu 1.8 lita injini.

Kamangidwe ka injini dizilo

Kuweta mphamvu wagawo mndandanda analengedwa ndi kukulitsa woyamba 341-TH injini Vaz: dizilo anali chinawonjezeka ndi 4 mamilimita pisitoni sitiroko (84 mm). Ndi ndalama zimenezi chawonjezeka kuchoka malita 1,45 kuti 1,52. Cylinder mutu zopangidwa zotayidwa, chitsogozo bushing, mpando vavu - a alloyed kuponya chitsulo zipinda oyika kuyaka - a superalloy lapansi. limagwirira yogawa mpweya anaitenga ku Vaz-2108. Ntchito njira analowa valavu pamwamba elektropereplava. Crankshaft - kuchokera 2103 ndi kuchuluka tolerances stiffness kufalitsa chimachititsanso. Kuchuluka chinthu chimodzimodzi za kuponyera dongosolo 2103. anaika makandulo incandescent. Njinga sitata okonzeka mphamvu 1.7 kW (1.9 mu Vaz-21055). Mwambowu mkulu-mphamvu batire (AA 60 kapena 65 hours). Komanso, anaika Bosch mafuta mpope ndi mpope zingalowe kulenga zingalowe mu chilimbikitso ananyema.

Pali deforsirovan kusinthidwa 3413 anaikira mathirakitala yaying'ono galimoto magetsi. Kuyambira alipidwa 341-TH galimoto ndi malire osiyana liwiro pazipita kwa 3000 m'malo 4800.

lita injini 1.8 analengedwa ndi kukula m'mimba mwake yamphamvu ku 76 kuti 82 mm.

Pali turbocharged mitundu 1,45 lita injini 341 (3411) ndi Vaz-343 (3431 ndi chopangira mphamvu IHI)

makhalidwe luso

Monga taonera, chifukwa cha lotha kapangidwe Vaz-341 ali ndi zokolola otsika poyerekeza analogs a nthawi imeneyo. mphamvu ndi 54 malita. a. pa 4600 Rev / Mph, ndi makokedwe - 92 NM pa 2300 Rev / min. Kuti, ngakhale pa chizindikiro chachiwiri, agonjera ku petulo galimoto (103 NM pa Vaz-21043). Wammwambamwamba-makokedwe imathamanga otsika operekedwa ndi zithunzi zina ntchito ndi wotsikirapo zida chiŵerengero.

Version 3413 derated malita 32. a. pa 3000 Rev / min.

Mwachibadwa, waphindu 1.8 L dizilo Vaz: specifications kupanga malita 65. a. pa 4600 Rev / Mph ndi 114 NM pa 2500 Rev / min.

Turbocharged chimake akufotokozera 80 L. a. pa 4600 Rev / Mph ndi 147 NM pa 2500 r Mukhoza / min.

magalimoto dizilo

Unsembe wa dizilo kwa Vaz-2104 zinachitikadi mu Dipatimenti yokonza ndi kukonza Vaz magalimoto. Pilot kupanga inayamba mu 1998, kumasuka muyezo wa makina 50 ndi 341-mamita dizilo (21045).

Kenako anayamba kuyesa makina ndi injini 343-TH (21048) ndi kuzilembanso ake (gwero anayesa kuonjezera mpaka 150 zikwi. Km). Izo zinakonzedwa kukhazikitsa ulimi mu 2005, koma analephera.

Vaz-21315 anawakonzera kutulutsidwa mu 2002, komanso osati akuthamanga.

Features

Dizilo ngolo mbali zina kamangidwe kwa mafuta Vaz-2104. Dizilo chifukwa cha unyinji waukulu akufuna kukhazikitsa analimbitsa kutsogolo kuyimitsidwa masika. awiri Main linasintha ndi 4.1 kuti 3,9. Zoperewerazo phokoso kuchuluka kwa injini dizilo anaika mu injini chipinda zina kutchinjiriza phokoso (kuteteza nyumba ndi nyumba). Utsi chitoliro atakulungidwa kuzungulira pofuna kupewa kudetsedwa a lamanja nyale mwaye. Lakutsogolo panali chowala pulagi Kutentha nyale ndi kiyi wa mafuta fyuluta chotenthetsera (mu nkhani iyi si pa nyali).

Reviews

Atangobadwa atolankhani "gudumu" anakumana ngolo Vaz dizilo. Reviews kusonyeza kwambiri injini kudziletsa opaleshoni revs otsika. Choncho, ngakhale kuti anyamuke akhoza kukhala zida 5, ndi 30 Km / h akuyamba adaponya yosalala. Pamene galimoto kudya M'malo mwake, muyenera kusinthana zambiri kuposa galimoto mafuta, chifukwa cha adzafupikitsidwa awiri waukulu. Choncho Mulimonsemo mphamvu ya galimoto dizilo ndi utsalira. Only imathamanga otsika, ndi mwayi pang'ono.

The mathamangitsidwe 100 Km / h mafuta Vaz-2104 mofulumira 8. Kuwonjezera makina dizilo wolephera liwiro pazipita 13 km / h. Pamene mofulumira kuchokera sitiroko ndi 20 mpaka 90 Km / h zosakwana kusiyana (pafupifupi 3 masekondi). Komanso, ndemanga mabuku "Auto", ndi dizilo mochedwa anachita kwa ngo mpweya.

Pankhani mkulu mlingo phokoso, amene zambiri yodziwika ndi injini zimenezi, dizilo Vaz kwambiri mokweza pa zachabe (6-8 DB (A)). Ndi kukula kusintha kusiyana yafupika ndi 3.1 DB (A), kenako kusiyiratu.

The zotsatira atolankhani analandira 10% kusiyana mu pafupifupi mafuta zinthu losanganikirana. Komabe, phindu la ndalama ntchito injini dizilo ndi galimoto mtengo mafuta pa nthawi mayeso anali 36%. Atolankhani masamu kuti lalikulu $ 1,300 mtengo wa makina limapindula kwa 180 zikwi. Km.

Feedback ku kuona Vaz-21048, iwo kunapezeka kwambiri moyenera ndipo chifukwa kwambiri mkulu-makokedwe, limakupatsani kusinthana kuli.

Ndi injini chomwecho bwino anasonyeza yokha "Niva", makamaka kumbali msewu.

Vaz-3411 anatembenukira pa galimoto ofanana mu chikhalidwe 2121. Mofanana ndi injini mafuta, ndi bwino kumaonekera imathamanga mkulu. Chikafika pa liwiro otsika adaponya n'chozama ngakhale kuposa anthu a Vaz-21213, kuti limachulidwa Turbo kwanthawi.

Sewerolo

Chifukwa kulemera olemera a injini ya galimoto Vaz-21045 kuchuluka kwa 1,06 mamita (40 makilogalamu poyerekeza 21043), okwana - mpaka 1,515. Malinga ndi Mlengi, mathamangitsidwe 100 Km / h mu 23 mphindikati (6 zambiri), ndi liwiro - 125 Km / h (zosakwana 18 km / h). mafuta a malita 5.2 pa 90 km / hr, lita 7.5 pa 120 kukafika / h ndi 6.2 L mu chilengedwe m'tauni (7, 9,9, 9,8 L mu 21043, motero).

The makina ndi mphamvu 343-mamita galimoto pafupi ndi siteshoni petulo ngolo Vaz. 1.8 lita Dizilo amapereka mathamangitsidwe 100 Km / h masekondi 19 ndi liwiro pazipita 133 Km / h.

Mofulumira Vaz-21215-50 mpaka 100 Km / h 25 m, ndi mathamangidwe pazipita ndi 127 Km / h ndi 19 137 Km / h ndi 21213.

Vaz-21215-70 kwa mphamvu ya mathamangitsidwe ndi wofanana petulo "Field" ndipo lags pa liwiro pazipita 7 km / h.