Tanthauzo losiyana: zitsanzo. Mau omwe ali ndi matanthauzo: zitsanzo

Ngati anthu sankakongoletsa malankhulidwe awo ndi ziganizo zina kapena zosavuta, sizinali zokondweretsa ndipo sizinali zowala. Anthu onse a padziko lapansi adzalankhula muzamalonda kapena machitidwe ovomerezeka, sipadzakhalanso mabuku ojambula, ndipo okonda masewera sakuyembekezera kuti ana asanagone.

Ndikutanthauzira kwaulere komwe kumapezeka m'mawu. Zitsanzo zingapezeke m'mawu ophweka oyankhulana komanso m'nthano.

Tanthauzo

Tsatanetsatane ndi gawo la chiganizo ndikufotokoza mbali ya phunziroli. Limayankha mafunso "ndi-kapena, -y,"?, Kutsimikizira nkhaniyo kapena "wina,", "?", Kusonyeza kuti ndiyake.

Nthawi zambiri, ziganizo zimagwira ntchitoyi, mwachitsanzo:

• Zabwino (chiyani?) Mtima;
• Gold (chiyani?) Nugget;
• Bright (chiyani?) Kuwoneka;
• Kale (chiyani?) Amzanga.

Kuphatikiza pa ziganizo, ziganizo mu chiganizo zikhoza kukhala zilankhulo zomwe zimasonyeza zomwe munthuyo ali nazo:

• Mnyamatayo anatenga (yemwe?) Mbiri yake;
• Kusungidwa kwa amayi (ndani?) Kodi blouse yake;
• M'baleyo anatumiza abwenzi anga (ndani?) Kunyumba kwawo;
• Bambo adatsanulira (ndani?) Mtengo wanga.

Mu chiganizo, tanthawuzoli likugogomezedwa ndi mzere wodalirika ndipo nthawizonse imatanthawuza phunziro lomwe limatchulidwa ndi dzina kapena gawo lina lakulankhula. Gawo ili la chiganizo likhoza kukhala ndi mawu amodzi kapena kukhala ogwirizana ndi ena, kudalira pa mawuwo. Pankhaniyi, izi ndizo ziganizo zosiyana. Zitsanzo:

• "Wokondwa, iye adalengeza nkhaniyi." Mu chiganizo ichi, chiganizo chimodzi chimasungidwa.
• "Mundawu, wodzala ndi namsongole, unali wovuta kwambiri." Tsatanetsatane yeniyeni ndizobwezera zopindulitsa.

• "Wokondwa ndi kupambana kwa mwana wake, amayi anga anachotsa mwachinsinsi misozi ya chisangalalo." Apa chiganizo ndi mawu ogonjera ndikutanthauzira kwina.

Zitsanzo mu chiganizo zimasonyeza kuti ziwalo zosiyana za malankhulidwe zingakhale tanthauzo la khalidwe la chinthu kapena chokhacho.

Tisiyanitsa matanthauzo

Zosiyana ndizo zomwe zimapereka chidziwitso chowonjezeka pa phunziro kapena kufotokoza zake za munthu. Tanthawuzo la chiganizo sichikusintha ngati mutachotsa tanthauzo losiyana kuchokera palemba. Zitsanzo:

• "Amayi anagwidwa ndi mwana yemwe anali m'tulo pansi pake" - "Amayi anasamutsira mwanayo pachipata chake."

• "Chisangalalo choyambiriracho, mtsikanayo anamukankhira maso asanatuluke msinkhu" - "Msungwanayo adamunyamulira maso asanakwere pa siteji."

Monga momwe mukuonera, ziganizo ndi matanthauzo osiyana, zitsanzo zake zomwe zimaperekedwa pamwamba, zimveka zomveka, chifukwa kufotokozera kwina kumapereka chikhalidwe cha chinthucho.

Kusiyana kutanthauzira kungakhale kosagwirizana ndi kosagwirizana.

Malingaliro ololedwa

Malingaliro omwe ali ofanana ndi mawu omwe khalidwe lake limatanthauzidwa pa nkhaniyi, chiwerengero cha amuna ndi chiwerengero chimatchedwa chosagwirizana. M'kupereka kumene angaperekedwe:

• Cholinga - tsamba lachikasu linagwa kuchokera pamtengo (chiyani?);
• Gulu langa - galu wanga anathawa ku leash (who?);
• Numeri - mumupatse (chiyani?) Mwayi wachiwiri;
• Kutenga nawo - kumunda wapatsogolo kunkawoneka (chiyani?) Udzu wobiriwira.

Zomwezo zokhudzana ndi liwu lofotokozedwa liri ndi tanthauzo losiyana. Zitsanzo:

• "Mwachidule anati (chiyani?), Kulankhula kwake kunakhudza aliyense". Wophatikizapo "adayankhula" akuyimira mwachikazi, chimodzimodzi, kutchulidwa, monga "mawu", omwe amamasulira.
• "Tinatuluka panja (chiyani?), Komabe kunyowa ndi mvula." Chiganizo chakuti "chonyowa" chimaimira chiwerengero chomwecho, chiwerengero cha amuna ndi akazi, monga mawu akuti "msewu" omwe amamasulira.
• "Anthu (chiyani?), Wodala kuchokera ku msonkhano womwe ukubwerawo ndi ochita masewero, anapita ku zisudzo." Popeza mawu omwe ali mufunsowa akuimira zambiri komanso osankhidwa, tanthawuzoli likugwirizana ndi izi.

Tanthauzo losiyana (zitsanzo zasonyeza izi) zikhoza kuimirira asanalankhule mawu, kapena pambuyo pake kapena pakati pa chiganizo.

Kutanthauzira kosagwirizana

Pamene tanthawuzo silinasinthe pa chiwerengero cha amai ndi chiwerengero molingana ndi liwu lalikulu, silikugwirizana. Pali njira ziwiri zogwirizanitsa ndi mawu otsimikizika:

1. Cholumikizira ndi kuphatikizapo mawonekedwe olimbitsa mawu kapena gawo losasintha la kulankhula. Mwachitsanzo: "Amakonda mazira (chiyani?) Odzoka."
2. Utsogoleri ndikulingalira kwa tanthawuzo pa nkhaniyi, yomwe imafuna mawu otsimikizika. Kawirikawiri amasonyeza chizindikiro cha nkhani, cholinga kapena malo a chinthucho. Mwachitsanzo: "Msungwanayo adakhala pa mpando (wotani?) Wa nkhuni."

Mbali zingapo zakulankhulira zingathe kufotokozera kutanthauzira kosadziwika kosavomerezeka. Zitsanzo:

• Nthano yomwe ili ndi chida kapena chithunzithunzi choyambirira chomwe chili ndi "c" kapena "c". Mauthenga akhoza kukhala osakwatiwa kapena omwe ali ndi mawu odalira - Asya anakumana ndi Olga pambuyo poyezetsa (ndi?), Mu choko, koma wokhutira ndi kufufuza. ("Choko" ndi tanthawuzo losagwirizana, lofotokozedwa ndi dzina mu prepositional case).
• Ndime yeniyeni, kuyankha funso "chiyani?", "Chiyani choti uchite?", "Chiyani choti uchite?". Mu moyo wa Natasha panali chimwemwe chachikulu (chiyani?) - kubereka mwana.
• Dera lofananirana la omasulira ndi mawu odalira. Tinayang'ana patali mnzathu yemwe ali ndi diresi (yotani), wowala kuposa momwe amavalira.

Kutanthauzira kulikonse kumodzi, zitsanzo zimatsimikizira izi, zikhoza kusintha mosiyana.

Makhalidwe a matanthauzo

Mapangidwe a tanthawuzo angaphatikizepo:

• Mwachitsanzo, kuchokera ku mawu osiyana, agogo aamuna okondwa;
• Adjective kapena kutenga nawo mawu odalira-agogo aamuna, okondwera ndi nkhani;
• Kuchokera kutanthauzira zosiyana-siyana-agogo aamuna, akusangalala ndi nkhani zomwe zauzidwa.

Kulekanitsa kwa matanthawuzo kumadalira pa mawu omwe amamasulira ndi kumene iwo ali. Kawirikawiri amaimirira ndi makasitomala, mobwerezabwereza - dash (mwachitsanzo, mwayi waukulu (chiyani?) - kuswa jackpot mu lottery).

Kupatukana kwa Sakramenti

Chodziwika kwambiri chodziwika kumadera akutali, zitsanzo za zomwe zimapezeka nthawi zambiri, ndizochita limodzi (kubwereza phindu). Makasitomala ndi kutanthauzira kwa mtundu uwu akuyikidwa, ngati atayima pambuyo pa mawu omwe amamasulira.

• Msungwanayo (chiani?), Wowopsya, adakachetechete. Mu chitsanzo ichi , gawoli limasankha chikhalidwe cha chinthucho ndipo chimayimilira pambuyo pake, kotero chimagawanika kumbali zonse ziwiri ndi makasitomala.
• Chithunzi (ndi chiani?), Chinalembedwa ku Italy, chinakhala cholengedwa chomwe ankachikonda kwambiri. Pano amene amatha kukhala nawo ndi mawu odalirika amasankha chinthucho ndipo amaima pambuyo pa mawu omwe akufotokozedwa, motero amalekanitsidwa ndi makasitomala.

Ngati sakramenti kapena zowonjezera zowonjezereka zikugwirizana ndi mawu otsimikiziridwa, ndiye kuti zizindikiro za chizindikiro siziikidwa:

• Mtsikana woopsya adapita patsogolo.
• Chojambula chomwe anajambula ku Italy chinasintha kwambiri.

Mmodzi ayenera kudziwa za mapangidwe a ophunzira kuti agwiritse ntchito tanthawuzo lotsekemera. Zitsanzo, zokwanira mu mapangidwe a participants:

• Pakulenga mgonero weniweni panopa. Nthawi kuchokera ku verebu 1 ya kugonana, chikwama -yush-yush chinalembedwa (kuganiza - kuganiza, kulemba - kulemba);
• Pogwiritsa ntchito panopa. Nthawi ya enieni 2 c., Gwiritsani ntchito -asch-jasch (smoky - fuming, mbola);
• M'nthaŵi yapitayi, zokambirana zenizeni zimapangidwa mothandizidwa ndi chokwanira -chi (cholembedwa, cholembedwa, chinenedwa, chinenedwa);
• Kuphatikizidwa kumagwirizanitsa ndi kuwonjezera kwa zilembo -nn-enn mu nthawi yapitayi (yotengedwa - yopangidwa, yolakwitsidwa - yotsutsidwa) ndi -m, -m-im ndi -t pakali pano (kutsogolera - wingman, chikondi - okondedwa).

Kuwonjezera pa sakramenti, chiganizocho ndi chofanana.

Kupatukana kwa chiganizo

Okhalitsa kapena osalankhula mawu omasulira amasiyanitsidwa mofanana ndi participles. Ngati tanthauzo lokhalokha (zitsanzo ndi malamulo ali ofanana ndi ophunzira) ndi pambuyo poti mawu akufotokozedwa, ndiye kuti comma imayikidwa, ndipo ngati kale, ndiye ayi.

• Mmawa, imvi ndi zolakwika, zinalibe kuyenda. (Mmawa wakuda ndi wamdima sanayende).

• Mayi, wokwiya, akhoza kukhala chete kwa maola angapo. (Mayi wokwiya akhoza kukhala chete kwa maola angapo).

Kulekanitsa pamalo otchulidwa

Pamene cholowa kapena chiganizo chikutanthauza chilankhulo, iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi chiwerengero, mosasamala komwe ali:

• Akhumudwa, adalowa m'bwalo.
• Iwo, atatopa, anapita kukagona.
• Iye, wofiira ndi manyazi, anapsyopsyona dzanja lake.

Pamene mawu olemekezeka amagawidwa ndi mawu ena, tanthawuzo lotsekedwa (zitsanzo kuchokera ku zowonongeka izi zikuwonetsedwa) zimaperekedwanso ndi makasitomala. Mwachitsanzo, "Mwadzidzidzi, steppe yonse inayamba, ndipo kuwala kwake kunakhala kowala kwambiri (M. Gorky).

Maofesi ena omasulira

Kutanthauzira kwina (zitsanzo, malamulo pansipa) kukhoza kutanthauzira tanthauzo la ubale kapena ntchito, ndiye amapezanso ndi makasitomala. Mwachitsanzo:

• Pulofesa, mnyamata wokongola, anayang'ana anthu ake atsopano.

• Mayi, muvala chovala chovala ndi apron, sanasinthe konse chaka chino.

Mu zomangika zotere, matanthauzidwe akutali amanyamula mauthenga ena okhudza chinthucho.

Malamulo amawoneka ovuta poyang'ana poyamba, koma ngati mumvetsetsa malingaliro awo ndi momwe amachitira, zinthuzo zimaphatikizidwa bwino.