Agulupa ya Saint Euthymius, Suzdal: chithunzi, adiresi, kutsegula maola, mbiri

Ngati nthawi panali mzinda pakokha zakale, izi Suzdal. Mbiri yake lapadera ali osati zasungidwa mbiri, komanso masiku ano mu zipilala mazana atatu ndi mbali ya Vladimir-Suzdal mapulani zovuta akale.

Agulupa ya Saint Euthymius - mmodzi wa zipilala wamkulu wa zomangamanga, lomwe lili ndi mbiri yake ya "moyo", monga mumzindawo.

Suzdal

Olemera Suzdal anali gawo lalikulu Kievan Lazaro, koma m'chaka cha maziko a mzinda ndi losadziwika. Kwa nthawi yoyamba amatchulidwa m'ma 11 mu Mbiri, limafotokoza nkhani ya m'mphawi zipolowe.

Maziko pa malo ndi midzi kale malonda, Suzdal anayamba kukula mofulumira. yomanga ake anayamba ngati mizinda nthawi zambiri, ndi boma la Russia, amene anapanga mbwee m'nyumba. Suzdal ankasungabe dongosolo chitukuko chomwecho, monga izo zinali mu masiku amakedzana, ngakhale moto mpaka pansi kangapo.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba zimenezi zachitika chifukwa cha ndewu wachibadwidwe wa Chernigov Prince Oleg ndi olowa Vladimira Monomaha. Anamangidwanso kachiwiri, Suzdal pambuyo pake kuwotchedwa ndi Mongolia mu 1238. pachimake anayamba m'zaka za m'ma 14, pamene sanali kokha mzinda wolemera, komanso likulu la Chikhristu. Mwachitsanzo, anamanga mu 1352 agulupa ya Saint Euthymius akachisi ambiri mu tenements ndi Pokrovsky ansembe yotchedwa anakopeka amwendamnjira ndi okhulupirira ku Russia.

Pambuyo Moscow anakhala malo Moscow akalonga, Suzdal anataya ulemerero wake wakale, anakhala mudzi zigawo lero weniweni mapulani owonetsera zakale. Zopangapanga Sichinatsitsidwe anakhudza malo wokongola kwambiri ndi mwala wa njira wotchuka alendo "The Golden mphete ya Russia".

obisika Building

Agulupa ya Saint Euthymius, amene mbiri kunayamba m'ma 14, linakhazikitsidwa ndi chitsimikizo cha Prince Boris, amene analamulira pa nthawi ya Nizhny Novgorod-Suzdal ukulu. Poyamba zinali dzina la Chiwalitsiro wa Mpulumutsi, koma kukumbukira Abbot Euphemia, amene walunjika izo zaka zoposa 50, wakhala anadzatchedwa. Poyamba mtengo, wa Saint Euthymius obisika anamangidwanso kachiwiri mu zaka zana la 16 ndi ntchito ya njerwa ndi ofunikira anapulumuka mpaka lero.

Location ya agulupa pa magombe a mtsinje Kamenka, ndi kumpoto kwa mzinda wa kufunika njira. Unazunguliridwa mu mamita 1200 ndi khoma mipanda yolimba kwambiri ndi nsanja mlonda agulupa ya Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) anali weniweni nkhondo linga ndi kuwateteza okhala m'mizinda.

makoma awa kuzungulira obisika anali inamangidwa m'zaka za m'ma 17 mochedwa, 12 nsanja ndi munakhazikitsa panthawiyi amphamvu kwambiri m'chigawo cha Vladimir. Lalikulu ndi nsanja kuyenda, amene kutalika mamita 22. Ndi khomo la zovuta kachisi, ngakhale kumanga ake imagwira ntchito imeneyi Chipata Mpingo wa Annunciation, amene analowa agulupa ya Saint Euthymius ndipo anali mkati mwa mpanda. Pa nthawi ya mavuto yomanga lolimbikitsa ngati wa agulupa anali kufunika, chifukwa Orthodox adapulumuka ankhondowo kuukira.

nyumba kumene kumakhala Amonke: kusandulika Cathedral

Today agulupa ya Saint Euthymius (Suzdal tawuni) ali 14 zipilala mapulani omwe bwino anapulumutsidwa.

Mwala woyamba kumanga mpingo wa Mpulumutsi, amene inamangidwa mu zaka 1507-1511 pa kutaya wa abbot woyamba wa agulupa za - Euphemia. Pamene Mpulumutsi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral, izo walowa mu dongosolo ake akhale yopemphereramo inamangidwa 1564.

Lero si pa tchalitchi panopa, komanso kamangidwe wapadera kapangidwe, imene frescoes analengedwa zana la 16. Ambiri chidwi ndi kupenta makoma anapanga ambuye kwambiri magulu ankhondo Kostroma Savina ndi Guriem Nikitinym (zaka 17). Pa mtima wa frescoes a - za mbiri ya St. Euthymius, ndi chithunzi cha Grand Prince Vsevoloda Vladimirskogo. Images a mafumu a Mikhail Fedorovich ndi Alexei Mikhailovich gawo la nkhani akuda ndi mural.

The wokongola woyera-mwala tchalitchi, mbali ya agulupa ya Saint Euthymius mu Suzdal (amene adiresi: Lenin Street, 148a), ndi malo osungira zotsalira woyera wa St. Euphemia. Sizipumula mu anapanga mu 1823 ndi reliquary siliva.

Komanso Chiwalitsiro Cathedral ndi manda Dmitriya Pozharskogo ndi banja lake. Apa zasungidwa katundu, anapereka ku tchalitchi - cophimba, imene ndi ya mkulu panokha nsalu ndi mkazi wake, ndipo Uthenga lolembedwa ndi.

pakhomo nsanja

Mosiyana ndi nsanja zina athandizira ali ndi mawonekedwe lalikulu. Iwo alimbane ndi njerwa zofiira ndipo mophiphiritsa kugawidwa m'magulu awiri. The mmunsi mwa champhamvu ndi bandiwifi ndi tichipeza mavesi awiri arched ku Kyoto pa iwo.

The kumtunda kwa nsanja kwambiri kaso. Popeza chinaoneka kutali (nyumbayi kutalika mamita 22), gawo pamwamba anali chokongoletsedwa architraves ndi "lamba" ndi njerwa, amene adandipatsa izo wina "lightness" ndi chisomo.

Itha pakhomo nsanja hipped denga. M'zaka za m'ma 17 izo kuonongeka ndi mphezi ndi sanabwezeredwe kwa zaka zambiri. Kubwezeretsa ikuchitika 1860, akadali bwino anapulumutsidwa.

Lero, pamalo kuyenda arches ndi ntchito tikiti ndi mabuku.

Agulupa belu nsanja

Mpingo uliwonse uli osiyana mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa ake mabelu, ndi Suzdal agulupa ya Saint Euthymius yotero. Belfry ntchito yomanga chikale palokha nkhani yonse, monga chomangidwa ndi nthawi zosiyana ndi Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana mapulani.

The gawo loyambirira la Belfry - otchedwa belu stolpovaya Mpingo wa Ioanna Predtechi. Kapangidwe ali nkhope 9, omwe si mmene kwa alipidwa belu nsanja, nthawi zonse ndi chiwerengero cha kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino. Malinga ndi nthano, dzina lake amagwirizana ndi kubadwa kwa Yohane 4.

Wamfupi, belu la mpingo chinali choti kuvomereza atsogoleri wamkulu ndi mafumu.

Ndi zomera limene kalonga chikanapitirizidwira amaona pewani amwendamnjira ambiri okhulupirira. Izo zikugwirizana mpingo ndi arhimadrita nyumba ndi wotchi nsanja. The mabelu m'ma 16, mwatsoka, osati zinasungidwa pamene anali kutumizidwa ku ng'anjo mu 1932. Poyamba, anali chizindikiro kwa abale kupita chakudya kapena kupemphera. Lero, phokoso la mabelu kuyitana okhulupirika kwa utumiki mu pafupi Chiwalitsiro Cathedral.

Kopanda Refectory Church

Popenyana ndi Belfry The Mfundo refectory mpingo, umene uli mmodzi wa oyamba mu Russia mapulani hema nyumba. Linamangidwa mu 1525 ndipo ali mbali imodzi tchalitchi mu mawonekedwe a mpingo chipilala ngati, dzina lake polemekeza kuphedwa Diomede, ndi pa zina - chipinda cha refectory adatha anakwera padenga.

The mmunsi ansembe ntchito zosowa zapakhomo pamene nyumba chapamwamba anali refectory.

Mpingo uwu wachisomo adjoins thupi arhimandritsky limene poyambirira anamanga zosowa za cuma, koma m'zaka za m'ma 18 inasanduka moyo Archimandrite, ndipo inasanduka nyumba zogona. Anamanga mu mawonekedwe a kalata "G" ndi nyumba, ali ndi zomera matabwa kuti "promenade", umene amapereka mwa mizati mwala.

Pa nthawi ya Mfundo refectory mpingo utoto mkati ndi frescoes amene sanapulumuke masiku ano.

mpingo St. Nicholas

Mpingo wapachiyambi Nikolaya Chudotvortsa anapangidwa nkhuni ndi inamangidwa mogwirizana ndi kukula kwa obisika likadali pa abbot choyamba. Popeza agulupa ya Saint Euthymius (Suzdal) zinadziwika akutali malire ake, ambiri Chimonko latsopano anabwera kudzatumikira Ambuye mu malo awa motsogoleledwa ndi Mlangizi wanzeru.

Mpingo wa Nikolaya Chudotvortsa anali pansi m'chipinda chapansi lalikulu, refectory anali Ufumuyo, amene moti ankatha anthu ambiri nthawi imodzi. Iwo akutchedwa mpingo kuchipatala, monga izo zinali umakhala pafupi thupi ndi maselo kwa Chimonko odwala ndi kugona alendo a obisika a.

Stone Church of St. Nicholas, ndi nyumba zake zogundana kuchipatala, ndipo analeredwa 1669. Amakhala ndi mpingo umodzi-ozungulira ndi wapakamwa amene chokongoletsedwa zakomary ndi trims mbali nzeru.

mpingo kunabwezeretsedwa ziwiri, ndipo mu 2000s oyambirira akhala kwathunthu m'malo mwa denga matabwa ndi utoto wapakamwa lonse.

mausoleum Pozharskys

Agulupa ya Saint Euthymius, amene adilesi: Vladimir Region, Suzdal, Lenin Street, 148a, anakhala malo kupumula lalikulu Russian ngwazi Dmitriya Pozharskogo ndi banja lake. Iye anaikidwa mu 1642, ndipo pa manda a mwana wake Yohane, ndi mphwake Petr Hovansky atsogoleri chachikulu, anamanga m'manda. Komabe, patatha zaka 100 m'manda aiwala, anayamba kugwa ziyambe kukonzedwa, chifukwa izo anawachotsa, ndi mwala ntchito zofunika kwa obisika a.

Mu 1851, katswiriyo Chiwerengero Uvarov anatsogolera ulendo kuti agulupa ya Saint Euthymius, ndipo iye amene azindikira zotsalira za crypt ndi manda mwala anayi. Awiri a iwo a mwana ndi mphwake Dmitriya Pozharskogo, ndipo awiri - ndi ngwazi iye ndi mkazi wake.

Mu 1852, onse manda adatseguka ndi mosamala. Motero, zinali zotheka kupeza zomwe wa iwo wotchedwa Dmitry Pozharsky. Iye anazindikiritsidwa ndi chovala pang'ono anapulumutsidwa.

Pa zotsalira za requiem mapemphero amachitika, kenako manda onse adzathe kutsekedwa, ndipo pamwamba pawo mu 1858 tinayamba kumanga mausoleum pa behest mfumu ya Alexander 2. Kumangidwa zinachitikadi likuvutika zopereka anthu. Kudzipereka kwa mausoleum anali amachitika 1885.

Pa Soviet nyengo manda anawonongedwa kachiwiri, monga mu 1933, ansembe yotchedwa wa Saint Euthymius anakhala m'ndende kwa akaidi a zandale.

Mu zaka 70 za m'ma 20 pa malo m'manda Pozharsky chikumbutso mwala anaikidwa, ndipo kokha kuyambira 2007 anayamba kubwezeretsa lenileni la mausoleum za mapulani moyo, waona komanso zithunzi. Masiku ano, iye ali mbali ya zovuta mapulani ya agulupa.

m'ndende Nyumbayi

Kuyambira 1766 mu obisika anaonekera cellblock, zochokera lamulo la Catherine 2. Poyamba, anafuna kuti "kupenga" opanduka, amene sanali alimi okha, komanso kwa anthu a m'banja lachifumu, mwachitsanzo, Decembrist Prince Peter Shakhovskoy.

Pambuyo pake, anafuna kuti atsogoleri achipembedzo ampatuko ndi mpatuko, ndi kuchokera mu 1923 mpaka 1939, wasanduka insulator a akaidi a zandale.

Lero, mu makoma awa ndi Museum kukumbukira akaidi monga nthawi ya ufumu wa Russia ndi kupondereza Stalin. Kufotokoza kwa nyumbayi kupereka uthenga moyo, zaka m'ndende ndi imfa "anthu" wake wotchuka kwambiri, asayansi pakati pawo, boma ndi za atsogoleri achipembedzo.

fraternal zovuta

Otchedwa Fraternal zovuta anali kumanga, omwe m'nyumba maselo amonke. Anamanga m'zaka za m'ma 17 izo, ndi kapangidwe okhwima, amene ali yekha chokongoletsera trims mbali nzeru pa mawindo.

Izi nyumba yosanjikizana, anamanga mu mawonekedwe a kalata "G" Ayala pamodzi kum'mawa mpanda wa agulupa lapansi. maselo Small anali malo a Chimonko payekha, ndipo lero angaonedwe kudziwana moyo wawo obisika pa nthawi.

Nsanja ndi makoma

Agulupa ya Saint Euthymius (chithunzi mfundo imeneyi) mpaka lero anapitiriza nsanja zake ndi mpanda. Onse a iwo, kupatula athandizira ndi mawonekedwe zozungulira ndi munakhazikitsa. Ngakhale mpanda wa agulupa ya zinamangidwa padziko wamphamvu, iwo sadapereke zagonjetsedwa kwa kuzinga a.

Kumathandiza m'zaka za m'ma 17 pamene iwo moganizira pomanga mtunda umene Orthodox zovuta. Choncho, khoma moyang'anizana ndi mtsinje Kamenka, otsika kwambiri, koma si choncho kumbali yakum'mwera moyang'anizana chigwa. Pano, dongosolo ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndi chachikulu, ndi kuima chitsutsire moto wa mfuti.

Kutalika mamita 1200 makoma, amene m'masiku amenewo ankaona kwambiri kumbuyo nyumba munakhazikitsa, munakhazikitsa ndi nsanja zakuthambo.

Vladimir-Suzdal zovuta

Vladimir-Suzdal zakale Museum anakhazikitsidwa mu 1958. Pamafunikanso zipilala mapulani a Russian zomangamanga Old mzinda wa Vladimir, Suzdal ndi Bogolyubov.

Agulupa ya Saint Euthymius anakhala mbali ya m'nyumbayi-malo mu 1968 mu chikhalidwe osauka kwambiri, kuyambira kwa zaka zoposa 45 iye anali m'ndende kwa akaidi a zandale, achinyamata olakwa.

Kubwereranso kwa obisika abomawo kupulumutsa chipilala yakale imeneyi ya zomangamanga, omwe tsopano anachezeredwa ndi zikwi la alendo ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

obisika lero

amuna amangokhala lero agulupa ya Saint Euthymius, amene amagwira ntchito maola - kuchokera 10,00 kuti 18.00 (tsiku lililonse kupatula Lolemba), amasangalala alendo konsati mabelu ola lililonse ndi exposures angapo.

Kuyambira mu 1991, obisika anali m'gulu Heritage World ndi UNESCO ndipo anapeza udindo wa msinkhu wa mayiko wa nyumbayi.