Saber-imodzi mphaka - ndi zinatha chilombo

Ambiri a ife anazolowera gulu la ziweto. Ambiri, kuti wosangalala panokha munthawi yanu nthawi, adzabereka nyama zazing'ono manyenje a banja mphaka. Koma nkomwe aliyense amaganizira za kufanana zawo zinatha pafupifupi mamiliyoni zaka 70 zapitazo ogwirira otchedwa saber-imodzi amphaka.

Zimapezekanso

mitundu zinatha asangalala madera a m'mayiko a ku Africa ndi padziko la Eurasian ndi North America m'maiko mu oyambirira ndi pakati Miocene. M'modzi wa ophunzira ake oyambirira - Pseudaelurus quadridentatus - ankaona anayambitsa chitukuko zinachokera mitundu.

Mu Miocene mochedwa saber-imodzi mphaka ukugawa dera carnivores barburofelisami kukhala kutsogolo lakuthwa ndi mano canine. The zotsala otsiriza a mitundu ndi nthumwi zake kutha ku Earth 10 zikwi zapitazo. Anthu ambiri a dziko si anakumana.

The zamoyo wa amphaka saber-imodzi

Popeza woimira dziko nyama mbisoweka ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi kwa nthawi yaitali, anthu ambiri wodziwitsa za izo - asayansi amanena. Koma ndi chitukuko cha chibadwa n'zotheka kupeza mfundo zatsopano zosangalatsa za mitundu zinatha. Kuphunzira amapeza zinthu zakale zimene zinapezedwa, inu mukhoza kulenga chithunzi ena ndi mfundo zina zokhudza timeneti enigmatic.

Asayansi amanena kuti saber-imodzi mphaka ndi zizolowezi za kusaka anali kufanana kwambiri ndi Tigers, koma sanachitepo mbali ya banja ili. zofukulidwa m'mabwinja kuti kusonyeza kuti ziweto anali kambuku penti mikwingwirima ndi ubweya fluffy. Komanso, panalibe umboni kuchirikiza m'mafanizidwe a makhalidwe akale a amphaka ndi mitundu masiku ano, motero amenewa angathe kuonedwa kuti maganizo.

Kafukufuku wa sayansi zochokera kuphunzira DNA, imene inachitika mu 2005, anatsimikizira kusankha subfamily "saber-imodzi amphaka" kuchokera makolo a ziweto zathu, koma sayanjane ndi mitundu panopa nyamayi.

A nthumwi ankaikira gulu la ofufuza amakhulupirira malasha kudziwika saber-imodzi nyalugwe, amene sanali a anthu a kambuku mphaka mu m'badwo ayezi. Mu dziko sayansi, dzina lake ndi Smilodon, omwe anamasuliridwa ku Latin monga "wowonongayo."

Smilodon: mtundu malongosoledwe

Smilodon - otsiriza a "saber-imodzi amphaka" subfamily. Animal chithunzi mawonekedwe ndi chodabwitsa:

• chachikulu, mpaka 20 masentimita canines;
• Msinkhu pa zinafota ukufika mita ndi masentimita 20;
• Kutalika kwa thupi mamita oposa awiri;
• kulemera ndi pafupifupi 500 makilogalamu.

makhalidwe amenewa kupanga nyama mafumu a m'magawo akuluakulu. Chimodzi chinali chabe mchira kutalika kwa 30-35 masentimita. Wamfupi koma wojintcha kumanga kunamizira Smilodon zachilendo kwa akuluakulu a mphaka. Only phanga ndi American mikango sanali otsika naye kukula.

Palibe kukaika kuti nyama anali mdani. Ochepa anathandiza ngati anasiya kusaka saber-imodzi mphaka. Photo anthu ndi mafupa yake zinalengedwa ndi asayansi pa zofukulidwa mu France.

Alipo pamodzi ndi akuluakulu ena a nyama, amphaka anali kupikisana pa malo kusaka malawi:

• gepardovymi ndi panterovymi m'mayiko African;
• pumas, mikango, nyama mu United States.

maonekedwe

Raptors kudziika mawonekedwe conical ndi saber-imodzi mano. Smilodon nsagwada kapangidwe kwambiri moti timatha pakamwa nyama kuulula kwa 95 °, oimira makono a ogwirira nyamayi amatha kuchita izo kwa palibe ° kuposa 65. Se, zokhota mano kwa sharpness amatikumbutsa masamba. M'litali anafika 20 cm. Mighty nyama anatha kusaka nyama zina choposa kukula kwake. Apa ndi saber-imodzi mphaka, loyang'ana mantha okhala Africa American zaka miliyoni zapitazo.

Chibwano cha chinyama anafuna kupha, kuika nyama zingapo cha adani oopsa. Iye analibe otsutsa anzawo.

Wamphamvu chifuwa ndi kulemera ndi kotala pa thupi la nyama zazikulu mkango kuloledwa kupikisana kwa malo, osati kwa wina ndi mzake komanso ndi lalifupi yachisoni chimbalangondo, osati zochepa amphamvu ndi Hardy chirombo. Kukula Poti thupi, wopangidwa mwa minofu amphamvu, mano-mipeni kulola chilombo kuti agwire oimira lofunika kwambiri la zinyama za nthawi - mammoths.

Asayansi amavomereza kuti n'zosatheka kuyerekeza nyama ndi mkango. Inde, thupi lake kukula mofanana ndi kutalika kwa mfumu ya zilombo, koma kuwonjezera dongosolo, chiwerengero ndi kupanga yaikulu yoteroyo patsogolo pa maziko a yochepa kumbuyo musalole kuti fanizo amenewa.

Akulu khosi ndi mphamvu kuluma amalola ziweto, tagwira kukhulupirira angagwere pansi ndi zikhadabu ake ndi misozi. Mu dziko sayansi akadali makani yaitali anakhalabe kuti, ngati saber-imodzi mphaka anali utoto. Mdani zambiri, analibe chikhalidwe nyalugwe mikwingwirima. Ambiri mwina, khungu lake chokongoletsedwa ndi mawanga mdima.

apeza mbiri isanayambe

Asayansi sindingakhoze kukuuzani chifukwa chenicheni chifukwa mtundu uwu ogwirira kusinthidwa, ndi deta onse apulumuke, mwadzidzidzi ku nkhope ya Dziko Lapansi. Only unayambira zotsalira za mafupa ndi mano khalidwe amatikumbutsa nyama ndi dzina la amphaka saber-imodzi. Pa mayiko a Los Angeles lotchedwa "The Magic Mile" anagunda ano zakale dziko la mbiri isanayambe America.

Lakes ndi mayiwe m'dera zimatulutsa mantha angapo, ndipo kuchokera pansi pa dziko lapansi exude utomoni evaporation. Apa ndi pamene ofukula anali mwayi kupeza zotsalira za mafupa a nyama ndi zina zambiri zimadya zinatha. Puddles a utomoni ananamizira nkhalango guschey kunakhala koopsa kwa mitundu zinyama. nthambi masamba ndi zinyalala, iwo anapanga msampha yaikulu. Herbivores bogged pansi mu potero kukopa anthu ogwirira, amene anali kuyembekezera tsoka chimodzimodzi.

The yomanga ya La Brea m'dera anakulira chikwi Smilodon mafupa, kuwapanga nambala yapadera. Phula ndi utomoni kudzaza nyanja anali wabwino usawonongeke zakuthupi. Mafupa zili mawonekedwe kwambiri. Asayansi anatha kupanga iwo lingaliro la momwe kuyang'ana saber-imodzi amphaka. Photos anapeza mafupawa angapezeke mu zakale anthropological.

Tikumbukenso kuti lalifupi yachisoni chimbalangondo mafupa ndi nkhandwe anapezeka mwa mabwinja a zaka ayezi. Awa ndi makolo mwachindunji carnivores wamoyo padziko lathuli lero. Koma pano pali saber-imodzi mphaka sanatisiye kumbuyo mwana. Panopa sanapeze mtundu uliwonse wa olowa mwachindunji Smilodon, machairodus ndi zina amphaka saber-imodzi.

makhalidwe khalidwe

Kutengera pa makhalidwe ndi maonekedwe, saber-imodzi mphaka, amene khalidwe lawo linali losiyana ndewu, Ine sindikanakhoza kusuntha mothamanga. Ichi ndi chifukwa yochepa mchira, amene salola kuti thupi olungama pa kuthamanga mofulumira. Ambiri mwina nyama chikopa abisalire, kuyembekezera woberedwa, mwamsanga anaukira ake.

Kumayambiriro kwa nyengo Pleistocene, ng'ombe ya herbivores zinali zazikulu kwambiri. Ogwirira si zovuta kukonza chakudya chawo. Ena herbivores ndi miyeso chachikulu, amene sanalole mphaka kusaka yekha. Zikuoneka kuti zimenezo, derali wasaka mu mapaketi. Pa zofukulidwa pafupi mafupa a nyama zamiyendo Inayi ndi zotsalira penapake ossified a toyesa mwa akambuku saber-imodzi.

Kusamalira nkhosa

Mfundo ya mafupa a kambuku mu kuvulala kwambiri, musalole iye kusaka yekha, zikusonyeza kuthekera nyama zoweta, pamene ngakhale nyama anavulazidwa likanakhalako ndi kusaka ena.

Natural ndi zaphindu kwa mbale iliyonse mdani amachita nyama. Smilodon zikhoza kuganiziridwa ndi giperplotoyadnym. Zotsalira za mafupa awo akavalo oyera ndi njati anapezeka.

N'chifukwa chiyani nawonso amafunika mano zimenezi?

Funso pamaso pa mano chilombo sanali kupereka mpumulo kwa asayansi. Ndipotu, mkango kwa kusaka sayenera mano-sabers. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, asayansi imachitika kuyesera recreate mphamvu ya mphaka kuluma. Kunapezeka kuti pafupifupi kawiri poyerekeza kwa mkango. Iwo likukhalira kuti mikango ano kuluma mphamvu Mzimuyo kukula kwa wovulalayo.

Mano a mbalame mbiri isanayambe anali mphamvu imene imapha ngati ntchito mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo. Movement uku mosavuta kuwononga iwo, chabe kuswa. Sachedwa chifukwa canine mu thupi wovulalayo n'zosavuta kuti aswe. Imfa ya dzino mu theka amachepetsa n'zotheka kusakasaka Mubalane, ndipo anaopseza kuti imfa ndi njala.

The amanena kuti nyama anavulala angadye monga mamembala awo paketi, asayansi sanali kutsimikizira kapena kukana. Mwina chuma cha mano ndi kukhale kovuta kukhala membala wa mitundu masiku ano. Koma ili ndi funso kwa asayansi.

Lowopsya koma otchuka

Mtundu wa chilombo mbiri isanayambe, ngakhale analengedwa ndi mafupa lakuti, kuchititsa kunjenjemera pang'ono. Komabe, saber-imodzi amphaka zatchuka osati bokosilo dziko wapeza. Chithunzi cha amphamvu, woimira wonyenga zaka ayezi unakhazikitsidwa kuchulukitsa mu filimu chomwecho. Pa t-malaya ana, zomata ndi ankadalira anali chifaniziro chake. Chiwerengerochi nyama angapezeke mu chidole sitolo.

Tikufuna kusonkhana onse a osadziwika sakhala ndi mbali makonzedwe otchuka. Inde, saber-imodzi nyalugwe - anangopeka aluso, koma kulenga fano lake pa zenera ntchito mbuye polemba chinenero, ndi kuganizira makhalidwe a mafupa nyama, makamaka lapansi zaka mamiliyoni ambiri zapitazo. Ngakhale kuonera zojambula, tingathe kuona nyama ufulu ndi kudziyimira pawokha.