"Prague Spring" - kusintha kapena chiwembu?

"Prague Spring" mu 1968 amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya sosholisimu dziko. Tanthawuzo la ndondomeko imeneyi mukati mwa nthawi yochepa zasintha kwambiri - ndiye "zokwawa potsimikizira-zisinthe" tsopano ali ndi dzina la kusintha mtendere demokalase.

Chinthu chidwi kwambiri ndi ndondomeko kusintha, umene akufuna ndi mamembala a Party Communist la Czechoslovakia, anali nkhanza mosavuta mwa asilikali chikominisi akulamulira loyandikana mayiko ogwirizana a Czechoslovakia ndi Warsaw ke. Zinaoneka kuti "Prague Spring" ndi kuwonongedwa amamuiwala, koma maganizo ake anali maziko a magulu misa mu mayiko a zokomera bloc, namtsata mu 80s ndipo chinachititsa kuti mtendere wa boma, dongosolo chikhalidwe.
Choyamba tiyenera kuzindikira kodi tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Prague Spring"? Choyamba, tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti zimenezi sizinali dongosolo yolakwika ya kauntala-zisinthe, kapena mphamvu ya kudzanja mapiko ndi cholinga kusintha andale ku Czechoslovakia. Kachiwiri, zoti pofuna m'mayiko membala NATO kupatukana Czechoslovakia mumsasa zokomera sayenera kumwedwa mopepuka. Chifukwa mu 1968 m'dziko lino cholinga chachikulu cha anthu chinali ufulu wa kulankhula ndi atolankhani, ndi democratization a boma, kukonzanso chuma ndi kusafuna ntchito yomanga chikominisi a dongosolo Stalinist.

Musaiwale kuti inali nthawi ya 60s wa - nyengo ya chiyembekezo chachikulu m'mayiko zokomera, pamene lingaliro kukonza ndondomeko ya zachuma alipo Chikukambidwa. Anali nazonso, ndi Czechoslovakia, amene mwa anzeru ndi wophunzira mabungwe kulenga anali kutsutsana aukali ndi kukambirana za zina chitukuko umoyo ndi zachuma cha dziko. CSSR nthawi utsalira anzawo Western, ndi munjira ina iliyonse ayesa kutseka lisaoneke. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kusintha osiyanasiyana akhala akufuna, monga chuma, zomwe analenga zinthu kusintha m'tsogolo dongosolo la ndale. Komabe, monga kawirikawiri choncho, ndi kutsogolera kwa kusintha watumikira monga kusintha kwa ogwira pa msonga ya mphamvu. Chifukwa ofala chiwembu, ku positi mlembi woyamba wa Komiti ku Central anakakamizika A. Novotny, amene malo anatenga Alexander Dubcek, amene anali odziwika bwino kwa anthu a CPSU. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, nayamba lipoti lake "Prague Spring".

Pambuyo pake, mu Czechoslovakia zinali ndi chete, panali kukambirana za tsogolo ndi chitsitsimutso cha Bomali. Komanso akamasuke kufufuza, bungwe latsopano ocheza nawo, monga Club wa sanali chipani - "CAS" ndipo anthu ambiri Republic nako kumverera za ufulu ndi ufulu. Pankhani boma, mu HRC pachimake kulimbana kwa kusokonekera kwa m'chuma, zomwe zinapangitsa utsogoleri dziko pa ndondomeko anakonza kusintha. Ndipo kotero mphamvu ya kusintha pang'onopang'ono ndi atsopano magulu andale a Czechoslovakia.
Mu March 1968, ndi CPSU Committee chapakati anatumiza Anthu chipani alembe mmene zinthu zinalili mu Czechoslovakia. Izo zinawonetsera Alamu zokhudza maonekedwe a maganizo odana ndi zokomera anthu, ndipo kufunika kubweza kanthu chosintha. Koma Dubcek nthawi zonse kuti zinthu m'dzikoli ali m'manja maso a Party.

Komabe, pa nthawiyi zofuna ndi kumveka pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa otsutsa boma ku Czechoslovakia. Mkati dziko, Chikukambidwa woyenerera akatswiri ambiri a mtsogoleri wa MCP. Unachitikira zisudzo zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo kampani anali wokonzeka kauntala-zisinthe, ndi Alexander Dubcek anapita ulesi.

Ndipo zonse izi amaona ndi mayiko wa Warsaw ke, amene asilikali ndi akasinja analowa Czechoslovakia usiku August 20, 1968. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ndege Soviet asilikali anafika ku bwalo la ndege Prague, ndipo mamembala a KGB kuti amugwire mlembi woyamba ndi membala wa Presidium m'Komiti ya Central. Ndipo iye Prague mophiphiritsa, anatseka zitseko zake. Kamenyedwe ambiri anatsimikizidwa mzinda, misewu anali m'chipululu. Anthu a Republic Czechoslovak sanayankhe chiwawa chiwawa. ndi occupier sanapangidwe kuwombera umodzi. Palimodzi pa ndondomekoyi, amatchedwa "Prague Spring", anthu oposa 70 anaphedwa Czechoslovakia, 250 anavulala ndi zikwi za anthu anaponyedwa ukapolo. Choncho panali yimitsira za "Prague Spring" - ulendo wachiwiri pa kukonzanso msasa zokomera pambuyo Hungary mu 1956.
Ndipotu okonza kukonza Czechoslovak ankatsutsa dziko lawo anakhala capitalist, iwo anali chikominisi onse kukhulupirira. Iwo okha anafuna kumumangira sosholisimu "ndi nkhope ya munthu".