Phunziro la sayansi mu dongosolo la chidziwitso okhudzana

History - mmodzi wa khalidwe lofunika kwambiri anthu. Kuphunzira si zofunika maphunziro yekha, ndi tanthauzo othandiza. Phunziro la mbiri - mbiri ya anthu ndi moyo pakalipano zokha, malamulo komanso moyo mabwenzi, mitundu konkire awo kukhazikitsa ndi kusintha kuti iwo akhala akukonza pa ena intervals okhudza malo ndi wathupi. Zamkati za mbiri monga chilango sayansi - kuphunzira njira zakale, awululidwa pophunzira zipilala mbiri ndi zina. Deta chifukwa kupereka deta pa ntchito zachuma, malamulo ena ndi zoweta boma kuphunzira ndi nzika, zochitika, moyo ndi chikhalidwe moyo, ntchito ya chiwerengero cha anthu mbiri yakale. Choncho, phunziro la sayansi, mfundo zikuluzikulu ndi m'zigawozigawo, ponena kuti mbiri ya zopindulitsa ndi chimake.

Mwa kuphunzira za moyo wa anthu poyamba zosiyanasiyana, mbiri mwambo wa sayansi lagawidwa nthambi angapo, omwe popeza palokha, n'zogwirizana ndi ena onse. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mbiri zachuma, zandale, boma, mbiri boma ndi malamulo, mbiri, chikhalidwe, etc. Phunziro la sayansi ya ethnography, monga zokhudzana ndi mbiri yakale - moyo ndi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Ndipo Archaeology ikufotokoza mbiri ya magwero ina wakale - zipangizo, housewares, zodzikongoletsera, etc., komanso kugwira ntchito ndi zonse kunachitika maofesi mbiri - malo manda, midzi, chuma.

Malinga ndi ufulu wa chinthu akuphunziridwa, kungakhale nkhani ya sayansi ndi mbiri yonse ya dziko, ie, History World kapena chilengedwe. Kapena mbiri m'dzikoli limodzi - America, Africa, Asia. Mu specialization yopapatiza zambiri - mbiri ya dziko ndi anthu kapena gulu la anthu (mbiri ya Russia, mbiri ya USSR).

Kuwonjezera waukulu, mu dziko sayansi anaganiza kuonetsetsa otchedwa wothandiza amalanga mbiri. Phunziro la sayansi kuti khalidwe kuchepera, ndi kuphunzira mwatsatanetsatane, mwatsatanetsatane, koma amapereka mwayi kumvetsa bwino ndi kuzindikira ndondomeko mbiri lonse:

• Kuwerengera anadzipereka kuphunzira machitidwe osiyana Buku nthawi;
• akalata asayansi ofufuza chidwi wakale mipukutu ndi zipilala ena olembedwa a Nthawi osiyana;
• diplomatics chinkhoswe mu mbiri yakale;
• numismatics kwa phunziro la mbiri - mendulo, ndalama ndi ndalama za maiko ena;
• Studies Regional chinkhoswe mu Kuphunzira mbiri ya m'madera munthu kumadela m'madera ndi zina.
• heraldry chidwi mu mikono ya mabanja ndi genera lonse, m'mizinda, mayiko.

Wocheperapo nkhani zambiri kuposa ena ndi mtengo gwero, umene phunziro la sayansi - magwero mbiri ndi historiography, kuphunzira kusanthula kufotokoza maganizo, mfundo, mfundo, Olemba mbiri, akatswiri olemba mbiri yakale komanso malamulo a mbiri sayansi.

History wa sayansi wakale intersect ndi zolembalemba, mfundo zachuma, nzeru, maganizo, chiphunzitso zachuma, zilankhulo, ndi ena ambiri. Pa mphambano ya amalanga angapo aliyense madera mbiri, mbiri ya mabuku, nyimbo, etc.

sayansi Political kapena sayansi ndale - mmodzi wa mumaganiza zazikulu kwambiri mbiri. Phunziro la sayansi andale amapanga zosiyanasiyana njira ndi zochitika ku dera la malamulo, malamulo ndi njira ya chitukuko ndi zotsatira ankayembekezera njira izi:

• malinga ndi ndale, mbiri ya zikamera ndi kukula kwa ndale maganizo ndi ziphunzitso;
• mphamvu, mawonetseredwe zosiyanasiyana ndi mawonekedwe a boma, ndale ndi limagwirira chachikulu cha mphamvu - boma;
• nzika ubale ndale ndi ubwenzi - anthu wamba, magulu a anthu ndi midzi ina, magulu osiyanasiyana a ndale;
• kuzunza ndale ya misa ndi awo chikhalidwe ndale, waukulu malangizo ndale ndi chiongoko;
• mayiko njira ndale ndi ndondomeko mayiko monga.

Choncho, kuwerenga mbiri, anthu amaphunzira ndikuganiza siyana mbiri, onani chitukuko, kupereka kudzitamandira zolondola njira osiyana siyana ndi zochitika ndi ulemu kumbuyo ndi kulosera njira za zinthu zodzachitika m'tsogolo.