Pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Pleshcheev. Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich: yonena

Aleksey Plescheev kunali kwakukulu Russian ndakatulo. Ambiri amadziwika Mabaibulo ake ambiri ku English ndi French, komanso ndakatulo zodabwitsa ana. Ambiri mwa ntchito za wolemba izi akhazikitsidwa nyimbo ndi Tchaikovsky ndi Rachmaninoff, ndi zatchuka kwambiri. Koma pamene iye anabadwa ndipo anafa Pleshcheev? Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zochititsa chidwi zinachitika pa moyo wake? Ndipo iye anakwaniritsa kutchuka kwake?

zaka zoyambirira ndi maphunziro

Mu Kostroma, November 22, 1825 ndinabadwa Alex pang'ono, omwe adzakhale si Russian Wolemba ndakatulo, komanso womasulira odziwika. Iye anabadwa mu banja mfulu, mwatsoka, osauka, ndi a banja wakale kwambiri. A makolo a Alexei Nikolaevich anali ngakhale St. Aleksey Moskovsky. Chifukwa chakuti banja amayembekezeka olemba ena, miyambo imeneyi nthawi zonse makamaka kulemekezedwa.

The mnyamata posachedwa bambo ake anamwalira, ndipo maphunziro ake makamaka chinkhoswe mayi, Elena. Alexey maphunziro kwambiri kunyumba, kenako okha, pa kuumirira mayi anga anayamba kuphunzitsa akapitawo chilolezo sukulu tcheru St. Petersburg. Aleksey Plescheev mwamsanga chidwi mu usilikali ndipo mu 1843 sukulu kuyamba kuphunzira zilankhulo kum'maŵa pa yunivesite ya St. Petersburg.

Kukumana ndi anthu atsopano ndi masitepe choyamba polenga

Kodi iye chinkhoswe mu zaka za maphunziro Aleksey Nikolaevich Plescheev? Wambiri mwa ndakatulo mfundo imeneyi amagwirizana ndi umunthu chidwi kwambiri. Izi Andrey Aleksandrovich Kraevsky, Petr Aleksandrovich Pletnev, Maikov, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Saltykov-Shchedrin, ndi ena.

Ndipo ambiri ndakatulo yake yoyamba Alexey amatumiza kuliwerenga Pletnev, amene sanali kokha rector wa yunivesite, komanso wofalitsa "Contemporary". Ndipo Petr Aleksandrovich mwansangala analankhula za zinthu novice ndakatulo.

Chidwi mabwalo andale

Mu 1845 Alexey Pleshcheev anachita chidwi mu malingaliro a Nazi ndipo anakumana ndi mamembala a bwalo, imene inkatchedwa Petrashevists. Iwo ankachita ndakatulo ndi chitukuko mu Russia. Alexei osati nawo misonkhano imeneyi, komanso kuyamba kulemba ndakatulo zokopa, ndipo nthawi zambiri kubweretsa zoletsedwa pamanja.

Kenako anayamba kumasulira buku ideologue Felicite-Robert de A Lamennais, amene a bwalo kukonzekera kenako kusindikizidwa womkanikizawo zawo mobisa. Choncho Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich, amene yonena wakhala kwambiri kugwirizana ndi zochita za bwalo chandale, zaka wake kuphunzira pa yunivesite.

M'chigawo choyamba wa ntchito, kapena ndakatulo-womenya

Mwatsoka, 1845-mamita Alexei anakakamizika pakamwa maphunziro ake chifukwa chosowa zakuthupi. Inde, ndi njira inanso yophunzirira Kodi singakwaniritse iye. Koma anaganiza kukonzekera pochitika mayeso monga wophunzira kunja, kumaliza maphunziro awo ku yunivesite. Ngakhale kuti iye anasiya yunivesite, kugona ndi mamembala a bwalo, kapena Petrashevists, iye sanataye. Nthaŵi zambiri ngakhale kupita kunyumba kwake.

M'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo Pleshcheeva lofalitsidwa mu 1846. Panali ntchito monga "Kuitana abwenzi", "Kutumiza! Mopanda mantha ndi kukayikira ..." ndi "maganizo a abale ife ndi inu." Iwo anali kutchuka kwambiri, ndi mizere ziwiri zapitazi ngakhale anakhala nyimbo achinyamata. Ambiri a m'nthawi yake anayamba kuchitira Alexei monga ndakatulo-womenya. Ndipo ichi ndi chimodzi mwa waukulu zosangalatsa za zomwe likufotokoza mbiri yake. Aleksey Plescheev anakhala wolemba ndakatulo woyamba kuchita zimene zinachitika mu France. Ndi zimenezi ndipo ankawalemekeza Petrashevzy amene anayesera kubweretsa malingaliro chosintha mu Russia.

Zotsatira nawo bwalo Petrashevists

Kumene, anthu ambiri owerenga ndi chidwi, ndipo pamene Iye anafa Pleshcheev kubadwa, koma mmene anthu ambiri kudziwa mfundo zina za mbiri yake? Mwachitsanzo, chakuti ndakatulo iyi kwambiri ndi wolemba, ngati ambiri a m'nthawi yake, kunyumba kugwirizana. Kwa nthawi yaitali Alexey anakonza pa Petrashevists msonkhano nyumba. Mu 1849 apolisi intercepted buku la kalata Belinsky kuti Pleshcheev anatumiza Fedoru Dostoevskomu.

Ndipo pa April 8, Alexei Nikolaevich anamangidwa pambuyo ananyozedwa ndi provocateur a. Moyang'aniridwa, iye anatumizidwa ku St. Petersburg ku ndende Petro ndi Paulo linga, komwe anakhala miyezi itatu. Panthawi imeneyi, anthu 21 ochokera mwa akaidi anali kuti aphedwe. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali, ndipo Ales Nikolaevich. Koma zimenezi si mapeto a mbiri yake. Aleksey Plescheev ndi akaidi ena anawatengera ku malo a kuphedwa, Semyonov Platz. Apa anawerenga lamulo la Nicholas Ine, imene kuphedwa wakhala m'malo mwa mawu osiyanasiyana pakuyenerera.

Zaka za ukapolo, kapena mbiri yamoyo ndi maphunziro. Alekseya Plescheeva ndakatulo mu nyengo ino

Pleshcheeva m'gulu monga wapadera ku kampani yanditsutsa, ndipo mu 1850 anafika ku Uralsk. Apa anakhala zaka eyiti yaitali, asanu ndi awiri a iwo anatumikira. Nthawi yoyamba anakhala mu utumiki wa Alexey anapirira zovuta kwambiri. Makamaka chifukwa cha mtima woipa wa alonda. Tchuthi iye sankandilola, ndipo mwina kwa kanthawi kuyiwala za zilandiridwenso.

Zambiri zasintha kuchokera Alexei mwanzache wakale wa mayi ake, werengani Perovsky, amene anali wolamulira wamkulu. Anayamba patronize Pleshcheyev. Alexei osati ankalowa mabuku, komanso kukumana ndi chidwi anthu - banja la msilikali wamkulu Victor Deziderevicha Dandevilya, ena a ku Poland, wolemba ndakatulo Taras Shevchenko ndi Mihailom Mihaylovym.

Analemba china chilichonse pa nthawi ino Aleksey Plescheev? Mwachidule mbiri, lomwe limanena za nthawi ya maumboni, lili ndi mfundo za ena mwa ndakatulo, amene anapereka kwa mkazi wake ndi Dandevilyu. Ankagwiritsidwanso olembedwa ndi nkhani. Pamene Alexey kugwira ntchito m'boma, ambiri a ntchito zake adatuma ku St. Petersburg, kumene iwo anali inafalitsidwa mu "Russian boma yotchedwa Gazette".

Resumption wa zilandiridwenso ndi mgwirizano ndi mabuku

Mu 1857, Alex kukwatira Elikonide Rudneva, ndipo mu May chaka chotsatira watumidwa naye St. Petersburg pa miyezi inayi tchuthi. Kenako mwachidule anabwerera Orenburg. Ndipo apa n'zotheka kuyankha funso owerenga ambiri pamene dzina lake Aleksandr Alekseevich Plescheev anabadwa. mnyamata anabadwa mu 1858-m. Kenako anadzakhala mtolankhani ndi zisudzo wotsutsa.

Mu August 1859 banja loyamba Pleshcheeva potsiriza zikukhazikitsa mu Moscow. Apa Alexey wakhala kuthera yekha kuti kulemba. Tsopano analemba osati ndakatulo, komanso nkhani komanso mabuku angapo. Izi "cholowa", "Atate ndi Mwana" "Anthu Wamba" ndi ena.

Alexey mwachangu amatsatira osati ndi "Contemporary", iye akukhala gawo ophunzira kudziwika nyuzipepala "Moscow boma yotchedwa Gazette". Mu Moscow kunyumba, nthawi zambiri bungwe madzulo nyimbo ndi mabuku. Iwo Tingaone Antona Grigorevicha Rubinshteyna, Petra Chaykovskogo, ndi zisudzo Maly Theatre, komanso Turgenev, Tolstoy ndi Nekrasov.

Anapitiriza zandale

Plescheev Aleksey Nikolaevich, amene yonena akadali chokhudzana ndi ntchito ndale, akupitiriza kudzipereka ntchito zawo mavuto boma ndi chikhalidwe. Chimodzi mwa zolinga zazikulu ndakatulo lake woukira boma feat. Anasangalala kwambiri chinthu chimene chinachitika mu 1861 (pamene kumangidwa unyinji wa ophunzira anapangidwa). Iye ngakhale kutolera ndalama tsokali.

Apolisi anapitiriza anaziika awo Alekseem Nikolaevichem Plescheevym. Mpaka pano amaganiziridwa kufalitsa malingaliro andale amene zinkatsutsana ndi maganizo a boma. Ngakhale kuti sanandipeze ndi mlandu chifukwa kukaikira izi zinali zifukwa mlanduwo zolaula.

Nthawi kukhumudwa, kapena ndalama zochepa zolembalemba

Popeza ntchito zolembalemba akubweretsa ndalama ochepa amene mabanja awo chakudya kuli kovuta, Alexei amapita ku utumiki ndi kukhala Auditor. Chimene, ndithudi, izo ndi wamphamvu wosasangalala. Kumapeto kwa m'ma 1960. ntchito zake anakhala makamaka noticeable mu maganizo oipa. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali osati kumangidwa zambiri za abwenzi Alexei Nikolaevich, komanso imfa ya ena. Ndipo zimamupweteka wina waukulu ndakatulo iyi nthawi imeneyi - imfa ya mkazi wake, amene anafera December 3, 1864.

Mu 1868. Nekrasov anakhala mtsogoleri wa "Mfundo za Lathu" ndi kuitanitsa Alexei Nikolaevich kwa malo Mlembi wa komiti mkonzi. Pleshcheev anasamukira ku St. Petersburg kenako igwera mu khola. Mu "Mfundo za Lathu," wolemba ndakatulo akugwirabe ntchito mpaka 1884, ndipo pambuyo pa imfa ya Nekrasov amakhala mtsogoleri. Nthawi imeneyi, Alexey wathandiza olemba ambiri novice ndi Ivan Surikov sanapulumutsidwe ku kudzipha ndi staging buku lake loyamba.

masiku otsiriza a Alexei Nikolaevich ndi ndakatulo yake

Kumene, owerenga ambiri amachita chidwi okha nkhani ya pamene nabadwira anafa Pleshcheev, koma kudziwa ntchito ndi yonena za wolemba aliyense Russian zofunika kwambiri monga tsiku la imfa yake ndi kubadwa. Koma ntchito yolenga ya Alexei Nikolaevich, atasamukira ku St. Petersburg, iye analemba, pafupifupi osaima mpaka imfa yake. Kwenikweni, anamasulira ndakatulo ku French ndi English. Zinali pano adawonetsera luso lake waukulu a ndakatulo iyi.

Tikumbukenso kuti malo osiyana mu nthawi yomalizira ya moyo Pleshcheeva anayamba kutenga ndakatulo ana. Ndipo ofufuza ambiri amanena kuti ntchito zimenezi anagwidwa ndi mtima wofunitsitsa moyo. Ena ndakatulo ngakhale kusonkhanitsa buku ndipo unakhala wotchuka owerenga wamng'ono, amene osati kukonda ndakatulo iyi, komanso kudziwa mbiri yake, ndipo kuti pamene anabadwa ndi kufa Pleshcheev.

Oposa zana romances ndi nyimbo

Pa ndakatulo Alexei Nikolaevich m'nthawi ndipo analemba mibadwo ina linalembedwa pa zana nyimbo ndi zodabwitsa nyimbo. chidwi chachikulu mu zilandiridwenso Pleshcheeva anachititsa Peter Tchaikovsky, amene Alexey kale anakumana ndi moyo wake onse anakhala ubwenzi wabwino kwambiri. Zilibe kanthu zimene chaka adabadwa nafa Pleshcheev, Chofunika, kuti ntchito yake inali chopereka zikuluzikulu mabuku Russian.

Ndipo pamene, mu 1893, 26 September, anafa ndakatulo iyi kwambiri ndi wolemba, ambiri a m'nthawi yake ankaona imfa waukulu. October 6, pamene unachitikira Pleshcheeva maliro, chiwerengero chachikulu cha anthu anasonkhana pa mwambowo. Ena mwa iwo anali olemba wamng'ono, amene mobwerezabwereza kuti andithandize zimene munthu wodabwitsa.