Nekrasov mbiri moyo wake ndi ntchito ya ndakatulo kwambiri national

Nekrasov Nikolay Alekseevich, yonena limene limayamba November 28 (December 10) mu 1821, anabadwa mu tauni yaing'ono ya Nemirov, yomwe ili m'malire a chigawo cha Podolia Vinnitsa (tsopano - m'dera la Ukraine).

wolemba ndakatulo wa ubwana

Nekrasov banja atabadwa mwana wake ankakhala m'mudzi Greshnevo umene panthawi a m'chigawo Yaroslavl. Analipo ana ambiri - khumi ndi zitatu (ngakhale atatu okha anapulumuka a iwo), koma chifukwa powasunga zinali zovuta kwambiri. Alex S., mutu wa banja, anakakamizika kutenga ntchito ndi wapolisi kwambiri. Ine ntchito imeneyi mwakhama kutchedwa kusangalala ndi chidwi. Little Nikolai Nekrasov, Sr. nthawi zambiri ankagwira naye utumiki, choncho ndakatulo kwa zaka oyambirira tsogolo taona mavuto ndi anthu wamba, anaphunzira kumvera chisoni ndi iwo.

Pa zaka 10 Nicholas kupereka Yaroslavl sukulu. Koma pa mapeto a sitandade 5, iye mwadzidzidzi anasiya maphunziro. Chifukwa chiyani? Maganizo biographers kusagwirizana pa nkhani imeneyi. Ena amakhulupirira kuti mnyamata sanali kwambiri khama maphunziro awo, ndi bwino m'munda umenewu ndi osauka, pamene ena a maganizo atate ankangosiyiratu kulipira malipiro. Kapena mwina onse a zifukwa izi zinali. mwanjira ina, koma yonena zina Nekrasov anapitiriza St. Petersburg, komwe achinyamata sikisitini anatumiza yopemphera kwa School Asilikali (mfulu Regiment).

zaka kovuta

Wolemba ndakatulo anali ndi mwayi kukhala campaigner woonamtima, koma tsoka akanati linakana. Atafika ku likulu chikhalidwe cha ufumu - St. Petersburg - Nekrasov kukumana ndi kucheza ndi ana asukulu m'deralo. Iwo zinamupatsa ludzu amphamvu kudziwa, choncho ndakatulo tsogolo aganiza kuti apite motsutsana ndi zofuna za bambo ake. Nicholas akuyamba kukonzekera yunivesite. Iye amadziwa kulephera: sanathe mayeso onse pochitika. Komabe, izi sanaime kuti: kuyambira 1839 mpaka 1841. wolemba ndakatulo amapita ku mkhalidwe mongodzipereka. Masiku amenewo, Nekrasov ankakhala umphawi wadzaoneni chifukwa bambo ake sanapereke Iye khobiri limodzi. Nthawi zambiri ndinali ndi njala, ndipo anafika poti anagona mu makola a anthu osowa pokhala. Koma panali mphindi kuwala: mwachitsanzo, umodzi mwa malo amenewo Nicholas udachita ndalama yake yoyamba (15 wapolisi.) Kuti akuthandizeni kulemba opempha. The mavuto azachuma sanali kuphwanya mzimu wa mnyamatayo ndipo analumbira, ngakhale zilizonse zopinga kukwaniritsa kuzindikira.

Zolembalemba ntchito Nekrasov

Wambiri Nekrasov N'zosatheka kutchula wa magawo ake chitukuko wolemba ndakatulo, wolemba.

Atangoyamba zinthu zimene tafotokozazi, moyo wa Nicholas anapita bwino. Iye anatenga ntchito namkungwi, nthawi zambiri anapatsidwa kulemba nthano ndi zilembo ofalitsa wotchipa otchuka. A zabwino ganyu anali kulemba nkhani yochepa mu "mabuku boma yotchedwa Gazette" ndi "mabuku Kuwonjezera pa Russian yolakwika". Zingapo kudziletsa analemba ndi lofalitsidwa pansi pseudonym ndi "Perepelsky" vaudeville ngakhale kuvala siteji ya Alexandria. Zochotsa ndalama zapang'ono, mu 1840, Nekrasov limafalitsa deta yake yoyamba ya ndakatulo, amatchedwa "Maloto ndi phokoso".

Wambiri Nekrasov sanali popanda kulimbana ndi otsutsa. Ngakhale kuti iwo anam'chitira maganizo, kwambiri Nikolai wokwiya kwambiri zoipa review odalirika Belinsky. Anafika mpaka Nekrasov anagula mbali yaikulu ya aziyenda ndi kuononga mabuku. Komabe, Makope otsala anaona Nekrasov mu udindo zachilendo kwambiri wolemba m'Chiarabu. Kenako anasamukira ku Mitundu ina ndi mitu.

Makumi anai za m'ma 19 Nekrasov anakhala kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi magazini "Mfundo za Lathu". Nicholas yekha anali bibliographer. Inasintha moyo wake akhoza ankamuona ngati womdziwa pafupi ndi ubwenzi kuyambira Belinsky. Pambuyo pang'ono ndithu nthawi mavesi Nikolai Nekrasov ayamba lofalitsidwa. Mu yochepa nthawi m'kuunika anatuluka almanacs "April 1", "Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa wa Petersburg", "Petersburg Collection", imene mavesi wamng'ono ndakatulo ndi limodzi ntchito za olemba bwino nyengo. Mwa iwo, kuwonjezera pa ena onse, anapezeka ntchito za Dostoyevsky, Herzen, D. Grigorovich, Turgenev.

Kusindikiza malonda chinali bwino kwambiri. Zimenezi zinathandiza Nekrasov ndi abwenzi kumapeto kwa 1846 kugula magazini "Contemporary". Kuwonjezera pa ndakatulo mu magazini kumafunika olemba luso. A Nekrasov Belinsky wopanga mphatso modabwitsa wopatsa - malipoti magazini kwakukulu kuchuluka kwa zinthu zimene wotsutsa kwa nthawi yaitali kusonkhanitsa mabuku awo. Pa zimene, "Contemporary" okhutira olamulidwa ndi ufumu, ndi mchikakamizo cha kufufuza mu amayamba kusindikiza kwa gawo lalikulu la ntchito ya ulendo mtundu wanyimbo. Koma, koma, magazini sanataye kutchuka kwake.

Kenako yonena Nekrasov zimatengera ife kwa Italy dzuwa, kumene ndakatulo mu 50s masamba chithandizo cha matenda pakhosi. Thanzi lawo, iye anabwerera kwawo. Apa moyo "pachimake" - Nicholas ndi m'mitsinje patsogolo zolembalemba, amalankhulira ndi anthu a makhalidwe mkulu. Panthawi imeneyi, zimasonyeza bwino ndipo ndigwira osadziwika mbali ya talente ndakatulo a. The ntchito pa magazini wa omuthandizira ake okhulupirika ndi anzake ali Dob ndi Chernyshevsky.

Ngakhale kuti mu 1866, "Contemporary" chinatsekedwa Nekrasov sanafooke. Mu daveshny wake "odana" wolemba rents "Mfundo za Lathu", amene mwamsanga kuuka kwa kutalika mofanana "Contemporary" mu nthawi yake.

Kugwira ntchito ndi magazini awiri bwino nthawi yake, Nekrasov analemba ndi lofalitsidwa kwambiri za ntchito zake. Pakati pawo - ndakatulo ( "Ndani Limasintha Chabwino mu Russia", "The wamba ana," "Frost, Red Mphuno", "Alexander", "Russian akazi"), ndakatulo ( "Kwanjanji", "Knight Time", "Mneneri ") ndi ena ambiri. Nekrasov anali mu pachimake mbiri yake.

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Kumayambiriro a 1875 wolemba ndakatulo kuika matenda lowopsya - "khansa ya m'matumbo." moyo wake wakhala mavuto mosalekeza, ndi kokha thandizo owerenga odzipereka anathandiza mwanjira kukhala. Matelegalamu ndi makalata anabwera Nicholas ngakhale ku ngodya akutali kwambiri a Russia. thandizo ndafika ndakatulo iyi: akulimbana ndi ululu anapitiriza kulenga. Kumapeto kwa moyo wake, iye analemba ndakatulo satirical amatchedwa "m'nthawi" moona mtima ndi mabala kuzungulira mwamsanga ndakatulo "The Last Song".

Tiwonana dzikoli luso ndakatulo ndi womenyera ufulu zolembalemba dziko December 27, 1877 (January 8, 1878) ku St. Petersburg, pa zaka 56 zokha.

Ngakhale ozizira owawa, kunena tiwonana kuti ndakatulo ndi kulinyamula kuti chomaliza malo ampumulo (a Novodevichy manda ku St. Petersburg) panafika anthu masauzande ambiri.

Chikondi moyo ndakatulo ndi

N. A. Nekrasov, amene yonena - ndi mtengo weniweni wa anthu oti ndi mphamvu mu moyo wanga anakumana akazi atatu. chikondi chake choyamba chinali Avdotya Panaeva. Iwo sanali mwalamulo kukwatiwa, koma akhalira limodzi kwa zaka khumi ndi zisanu. Patapita kanthawi Nekrasov anagwa mchikondi ndi wokongola French - Celina Lefroy. Komabe, buku limeneli kwa ndakatulo iyi zinalephereka: Celina anaponya, ndipo asanafike anamwaza gawo chilungamo chuma chake. Pomaliza, miyezi isanu ndi umodzi imfa yake isanachitike, Nekrasov anakwatira achifundo anamukonda ndipo amamukonda mpaka tsiku lomaliza Fokloy Viktorova.