Nkhani Chekhov a "Opaleshoni": kusanthula ndi ndemanga

Kwa zaka zoposa 100 mafani Russian mabuku ndi mwayi wokhala ndi kuwerenga zoseketsa ndi satirical nkhani A. P. Chehova. "Opaleshoni", "bilimankhwe", "zowawitsa ndi zokoma", "Imfa ndi boma," ndipo ntchito zina zambiri anasonyeza bwanji wolembayo kuti chilema abwino, kutayika munthu. A. P. Chehov ku nkhani yake zambiri akungondinyoza kupusa, umbuli ndi zina khalidwe makhalidwe oipa a anthu. Pankhaniyi, wolemba mwaluso akutsogolera mbola ya Zotengera osati pa mbali yaikulu ntchito yake, komanso anthu amene anabwera kutsutsana ndi izo, wosanyengereredwa mwanzeru vuto ndi zosasangalatsa.

Short ndi watanthauzo nkhani - waukulu njira A. P. Chehova

Chekhov nkhani ya "Opaleshoni" kamodzinso imasonyeza maganizo otsutsa ambiri zolembalemba zimene wolemba akulemba katswiri wa yochepa nkhani ankapenta. Mokomera maganizo akuti chiwerengero cha mawu ntchito wolemba wake nthawi: "Luso la kulemba ndi luso - kudula", "kufupika - mlongo luntha", "chinenero ayenera kukhala osavuta komanso yokongola," etc. Chekhov, ngati palibe ena, kodi posachedwapa. kulankhula za zinthu padziko lonse. Iye anali ndi zikwapu ochepa akhoza kufotokoza mwatsatanetsatane za munthu aliyense.

A. P. Chehov konse anayamba wowerenga kwa mbiri wakale ngwazi za nkhani, makolo awo kapena makolo isanayambe kuchita kuchita chilichonse anafotokoza mu buku la. wolemba nthawi zonse chinayamba ndi nkhani ya khalidwe la munthu, mawu ake, maganizo kugwirizana ndi kanthu makamaka anachita ndi iwo. Kufotokozera za maonekedwe a m'nkhaniyi kapena chilengedwe - ndi kwambiri kuti angapezeke mu nkhani Chekhov a. "Opaleshoni" yotero kuti lamulo limeneli. Komabe, mafotokozedwe awa asapitirire zimene Tingaone ndi munthu aliyense, amene ali maganizo ake a wolemba sapezeka iwo, kotero kuti owerenga ndi kupatsidwa mwayi wokhala ndi maganizo awo za makamaka malo, chikhalidwe kapena zinthu.

Chidule cha "Opaleshoni"

nkhani yake "Opaleshoni" Chekhov akuyamba ndi kutchulidwa kwa chakuti dokotala kuchipatala chigawo anapita kukwatiwa, ndipo ntchito yake kulandira odwala anatenga nkhuku anamwalira.

Wodwala loyamba limakhala chanter Vonmiglasov anthu pangozi amene akudwala matenda a mano kwambiri ndi moona mtima ndi amadalira nzeru za nthawi yoyamba. Chicken, anatitsimikizira wodwalayo kuti opaleshoni - nkhani amapusitsa, muyenera kudziwa ndi njira yoyenera.

Komabe, pambuyo anaona dzino wodwalayo ndipo anaganiza kuchotsa ake, kwambiri chazilala chidaliro. Ndipotu likutsindika kufotokoza anthu pangozi mukukayikira kuti zomwe chida ntchito. Iye sakudziwa ngati kusankha mbano wake, mfungulo kapena ndudu. ngwazi choyamba kwa nthawi yaitali akuyang'ana pa zida, anatenga ndudu, wosakanikirana kwa wodwalayo, koma pambuyo masekondi angapo kumbuyo ndi kusintha pa mbano lapansi. Kuti ndi chimene chimachititsa chidwi cha A. P. Chehov. Opaleshoni chifukwa likukhalira kukhala mophweka monga izo zinkawoneka koyamba wothandizira. Kutenga mbano, anakhala nthawi yaitali ndi dzino sexton Koma sanathe kukokera kunja. Nkhani itha ndi sexton ndi, naterpevshis ululu ndi zoipa, kutali anthu pangozi, kumunyoza.

Chifanizo cha ntchito yawo nkhaniyo

Chicken ndi chimodzi mwa zilembo zazikulu "Opaleshoni" nkhani. Czech nkhani zili kufotokoza wodzazidwa khalidwe khalidwe osati kokha, komanso maonekedwe ake. Dziwani kuti anthu pangozi amayang'ana opanda ungwiro. Wachisoni chithunzi likugwirizana ndi smelly ndudu kuti nkhuku mu dzanja lake.

Pamene dziko lamkati la yawo, pali chapatsogolo wake kudzidalira, Chonyadiritsana ndi zopanda pake. Mu njira iyi, iye chimakwirira kulephera wake ndi umbuli. Iye anadzitama kuti sexton ankadziwa mwini malo Aleksandrom Ivanychem Aigupto amene anali naye pa phwando ndipo sanadandaule (ngwosiyana wodwala pano). Chifukwa, dikoni amapita ndi ululu, ndipo anthu pangozi sankadziwa kulakwa kwake ndipo m'malo kupepesa, iye limamtchanso mbuli.

Chifanizo cha dikoni mu "Opaleshoni"

N'kofunika malo sexton Vonmiglasov - khalidwe lachiwiri, limene limafotokoza nkhani ya "Opaleshoni". Chekhov limatsindika umbuli ndi kupusa Vonmiglasova. Pambuyo dikoni m'malo mwachindunji kwa dokotala anamvera zosiyanasiyana nsonga monga mbuli monga adzikonda yekha.

Nkhani likusonyeza kugonjera sexton, amene m'masiku amenewo anali osiyana m'munsi strata wa anthu. Poyamba, iye anabatizidwa, mgonero mkate anabweretsa, anayamikira anthu pangozi - Mwachidule, zinthu kwambiri "achipembedzo". Komabe, osachepera theka la ola, khalidwe lake linasintha, anayamba mukufuna nkhuku zonse zoipa ngakhale anatenga mgonero mkate ndi iwo.

Prototypes "Opaleshoni" otchulidwa

Chekhov a ntchito "Opaleshoni" ali prototypes weniweni. M'bale A. P. Chehova mobwerezabwereza analankhula za momwe wolemba pa ntchito yake ya udokotala mu chipatala Kuuka anati choncho, amene anali maziko nkhaniyo.

Gulu vuto lenileni udokotala, m'malo dokotala ndi mtima anapita ku chipatala ndi a mano a. Pa phwando, wosadziwa wophunzira nthawi yayitali kuyesera kukoka mano, koma anatha yekha kuphwanyaphwanya korona. Chifukwa, ndi mtima waukali wotembereredwa ndi kumanzere.

Analysis wa "Opaleshoni"

nkhani wamangidwa pa kulankhulana anthu awiri okha amene anakumana pa behest za zotsatira mu chipatala Kumudzi - pantchito yathu Chicken ndi dikoni Vonmiglasova. Komabe, awo anali zokwanira kutsindika oipa amenewa makhalidwe a anthu ndi umbuli ndi zinthu motayirira, chidachitika ndi A. P. Chehov. "Opaleshoni" ndi ntchito imene khalidwe chidwi kwambiri anthu a m'nkhaniyi ndi zolankhula zawo. Vonmiglasov, kuyesera kumuwonetsa awo "kudzipereka", mawu ambiri wamba reworks njira mpingo. Anthu pangozi nkhuku, nayenso anatsindika kufunika kwa yake, ntchito yaikulu ya zamankhwala, Inde, sanamvetsetse ndi sexton yosavuta.

Komabe, mwamsanga pamene izo zifika pa m'zigawo za dzino, zimaonekeratu kuti nkhuku sanali wotero dokotala wodziwa, zimene anapereka palokha pachiyambi. Komanso, zikuoneka kuti iye anali ndithu mwangozi ndipo sangathe mbatinkulupira toera ntchito m'chipatala. Itha Chekhov nkhani ya "Opaleshoni", monga munthu angayembekezere kuvulaza munthu wina, amene, mwa njira, chifukwa alinso si choncho wopembedza. Kusazindikira zilembo ziwiri Mwini motsindika mawu kumapeto kwa nkhaniyi, amene anagwidwa ndi phula vzaimnouvazhitelnogo milandu ndi kutukwana.