Oimira clove banja. Banja la clove: makhalidwe ndi malongosoledwe

Oyimira a mabanja Caryophyllaceae (Caryophyllaceae) amapezeka pafupifupi ngodya zonse za dziko lapansi. Kukula zomera ngati kuphatikizapo dziko lathu. Mu nkhalango steppes la Russia angapezeke kugona nkhalango, Silene dioica, ovutika phwiti, etc. Inde, clove - .. Banja, amene mamembala nthawi zambiri wamkulu ndi malo wakunja kwatawuni. Iwo ntchito m'minda ndi minda, iwo makamaka ngati zomera yokongola.

makhalidwe General

Waukulu zimasiyanitsa mbali ya mamembala onse a clove banja ndi:

• anyamata ndi zosiyana masamba;

• bisexual maluwa ndi calyx ndipo corolla;

• youma, mu mawonekedwe a bokosi, ndi zipatso tsenokarpy;

• ang'ono yosalala mbewu chimauma.

Clove - banja monga 86 genera ndi za 2000 mitundu.

inafikira

zomera kukula m'maiko lapansi omangidwa. Ambiri a iwo akupezeka mu East ndi ku Central Asia, komanso m'mayiko Mediterranean. Mitundu yonse ya oimira clove angapezeke mu nkhalango steppes, m'zipululu ndi Titafika pamalo. Mmodzi wa mitundu ya banja - zvezchatka zokwawa - ngakhale wapezeka mkulu mu mapiri (6000 m).

Kapangidwe ka duwa

Banja la clove, kapena kani, oimira ake amasiyana beaters awo pamakhala zisanu kapena anayi. Stamens mu aliyense wa iwo ndi zambiri 8-10. Iwo zili zipolopolo ziwiri 4-5 ma PC. The n'kuwasanganiza wa maluwa ndi pamwamba syamezachatkami ambiri aliyense chisa. Nthawi zambiri, maluwa ndi anthu a m'banja clove protandrichny. Ndiko kuti, mungu mu iwo udzathiridwa okhwima kale kuposa manyazi ndi.

Timadzi tokoma kwa maluwa amakhala lambiri. Iwo mungu ndi njuchi, agulugufe, ndi zina zotero. D. The mawonekedwe a maluwa ndi clove banja nthawi zambiri zikufalitsa, ndipo potero siali apadera kwa kubereketsa zomera zina tizilombo yeniyeni.

Gawo

Onse clove dongosolo F. Pax akhoza lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu subfamilies zazikulu zonse zitatu:

• paronihievye;

• smolevkovye;

• alsinovye.

Iwo zingasiyane, pakalibe kapena pamaso pa stipules kapena dongosolo maluwa.

Clove banja: akukhudza chuma cha dziko

Clove angagwiritsidwe ntchito:

• monga zomera yokongola;

• mankhwala lovomerezeka ndi wowerengeka;

• Monga okhala m'malo mwa sopo;

• monga chakudya kwa ziweto.

Clove - banja, womwenso kuphatikizapo namsongole, amene amalimbana nawo kulima mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu za ulimi ndi yokongola. Alipo mu mitundu zakutchire ndi poyizoni wa Caryophyllaceae.

Banja la clove: oimira phindu kukongoletsa

mitundu ya Caryophyllaceae banja mu minda ndi minda ya zipatso mwakula kwa ndithu nthawi yaitali. Wotchuka kwambiri kukongoletsa clove zingaphatikizepo Mwachitsanzo, wa genera ndi Saponaria campion. Nthawi zambiri m'madera wakunja kwatawuni Tingaone monga minuartia okongola ndi gerbils.

Soapwort (Saponaria): General kufotokoza

Mbali yaikulu ya mtundu uwu ndi wodzichepetsa ndipo m'malo okwezeka kukongoletsa khalidwe. Ambiri mylnyanok, chifukwa zomera ndi yaying'ono, wamkulu pa Alpine mapiri. Saponaria mtundu kuli mitundu zoposa 30 osiyana.

Saponaria officinalis mpaka posachedwapa kuonekera mu pafupifupi onse minda ndi minda ya zipatso. Lero ndi chomera wa banja clove anataya ena kutchuka kwake. Mfundo lonse ndi mphamvu yake chodziwa kuti tichotseretu. Izi lakamba zambiri za kukongoletsa (mankhwala) chikhalidwe nthawi yomweyo, ndipo, chotero, mofulumira kwambiri kwasanduka udzu ndi.

Nthumwi yotchuka kwambiri ya mtundu uwu lero saponaria wina - bazilikolistnaya. Kuthengo, chomera amakula makamaka mapiri a Ulaya. Mphukira saponaria bazilikolistnaya mphanga maonekedwe ndi mtundu wa maluwa ndi yowala pinki. Kusamalira zomera, komanso anthu onse mtundu wa, zimakhala zosavuta. Komabe, kusunga compactness mylnjanki bazilikolistnuyu zofunika pambuyo kachiwiri maluwa (mochedwa yotentha) kudula ndi lachitatu kutalika.

Nthawi zambiri mu minda ndi minda ya zipatso truckers Russian umaonekanso mylnjanki turfy. Home kwa mitundu ndi Pyrenees. Maluwa yaying'ono iyi (5-6 cm), zomera ndi wokongola kwambiri pinki mtundu.

mylnjanki onse pamwamba mukhoza kukula mu malo amodzi kwa zaka zambiri. Aliyense kukonzekera mwapadera kwa nthaka, zomera sitingafunikire kutero. Komabe, malo pansi iwo asankhe dzuwa, okwera. zabwino kwambiri kukonza bedi ndi ngalande.

Campion (Silene): mbali chosiyana

Ndi otchuka kwambiri mwa eni chilimwe zing'onozing'ono mtundu clove, ndi mitundu yoposa 400. Campion ntchito makamaka mabedi yaing'ono maluwa ndi rockery. Membala ambiri mtundu uwu Silene mwanyanja. Zomera m'malo otsika (mpaka 25 cm) ndipamene hump pa bedi kapena chidwi kwambiri ndi wokongola buluu imvi "mtsamiro." Campion limamasula pafupifupi onse chilimwe mwanyanja. Mitundu ndi mawonekedwe a izo mpaka anasonyeza pang'ono. mukhoza kusankha zosiyanasiyana ndi maluwa zoyera kapena pinki kwa munda wanu.

Silene Alpine - komanso ndithu wotchuka membala wa mtundu wa - mitundu friable "khushoni" mpaka 20 cm makamaka wokongola amaona maonekedwe ndi maluwa awiri zobiriwira .. Nthawi zina wamaluwa mwakula pa ake m'madera wakunja kwatawuni campion acaulescent, Argos, ndi mawonekedwe kantzinskogo.

Kufotokozera clove Campion (Lychnis)

Izi mpikisano wamba komanso umasiyana makhalidwe ndithu mkulu kukongoletsa. Pamafunikanso mitundu 35, koma wotchuka kwambiri ndi nthumwi zake Campion Arkwright ndi korona. Chitsamba choyamba ndipamene kutalika yaying'ono ya 35-40 masentimita pamaso wamaluwa adzitamandire lalanje yofiira maluwa, amene awiri kungakhale kwa 3 cm.

Campion korona - ichi ndi herbaceous zomera za banja Caryophyllaceae, ngakhale luso kukula pa dothi m'mbali. Pa msinkhu izo angafikire 45-90 cm. Mtundu wa maluwa cha mtundu umenewu nthumwi Campion akhoza kukhala loyera kapena pinki.

Gerbils (Arenaria) ndi minuartia (Minuartia)

Oimira genera zimenezi ndi zofanana kwambiri kwa wina ndi mzake. Kuti moti nthawi zambiri ngakhale kusokonezedwa ndi mzake. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi phiri gerbil. zomera angafikire 10 cm mu msinkhu ndi kukula kwa masentimita 50 m'lifupi. Maluwa mu gerbil phiri loyera, lalikulu.

Ambiri ndi minuartia mozhzhevelolistnaya. Zomera zochititsa chidwi anafika kutalika kwa masentimita 15 okha ndipo kwambiri mu maonekedwe monga mbewu imodzi, kapena osakaniza ndi mbewu zina yokongola, mwachitsanzo, carnation kapena ya m'mapiri Mumapezekanso. Inflorescence mu racemes minuartia mozhzhevelolistnoy, ndi masamba zisonga.

mitundu mankhwala

Clove - banja, ambiri amene akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kuphatikizapo mu wowerengeka ndi mankhwala boma. Choyamba zomera zonse monga:

• Kolyuchelistnik.

• Gryzhnik kusalaza.

• Mamembala a mtundu Gypsophila.

Ntchito kuchiza mitundu yonse ya matenda, zomera ndi chifukwa zili mkulu zimakhala awo physiologically yogwira: alkaloids, flavonoids, mavitamini, saponins, mafuta zofunikira ndipo organic zidulo.

Kolyuchelistnik (Acanthophyllum): Kufotokozera

Banja clove kusinthasintha osiyana zosiyanasiyana mmene chilengedwe. Kukula oimira ake kuphatikizapo m'tsinde lapansi. Ndi pa misanje angapezeke mankhwala kolyuchelistnik. Chinthu chapadera chokhudza mbewu ndi yonena za tsinde la. Masamba Acanthophyllum notched, prickly mbali zonse, pamodzi kubwereketsa ndi (40-50 masentimita awiri). Pakati ndi otsiriza inflorescence dengu pansi pa amene Ufumuyo maluwa tubular.

Ndi mankhwala kuti ntchito kwenikweni basi mizu minofu kolyuchelistnika. Mu iwo, mwa zina, muli mafuta n'kofunika, tannins, insulin, utomoni wonunkhira mankhwala. Kulowetsedwa akhoza kutumikiridwa mankhwala helminthiasis kolyuchelistnika (nyama), kutaya chiriev monga diuretic ndi odana ndi yotupa wothandizira.

Gryzhnik yosalala: kuti mbewu?

Izi osatha groundcover m'gulu la banja la clove. Photos Tingaone pansipa. zokwawa ake umenewu nsikidzi zimayambira kwathunthu yokutidwa ndi masamba ang'ono chowulungika, mu axils amene anasonkhana mipira ya maluwa ting'onoting'ono chikasu. Kuthengo, herniaria glabra amalima makamaka pa msipu, dera lokhala miyala ndi roadsides.

infusions Zothandiza ndi decoctions zitsamba nondescript angakhale pa chifuwa, matenda a chikasu ndiyo, matenda a chikhodzodzo ndi impso. Zingathenso kugwiritsidwa ntchito osambira zoipa kumangitsa mabala.

Rhode Gypsophila

dzina lina la mtundu uwu - mpweya mwana. Ichi ndi chomera sizachilendo wa banja Caryophyllaceae. Pakali pano, pali pafupifupi 150 mitundu ya mtundu uwu. Koma ndithudi, si onse amene ali mankhwala. Nthawi zambiri, kuti kuchiza mitundu yonse ya matenda ntchito Gypsophila paniculata. Ndi osatha herbaceous zomera ndi rhizomes yaitali ndi masamba bulbous tsinde. Kuthengo, Gypsophila paniculata umakhala Western Siberia, Central Asia ndi ku gawo European la Russia. Mbali wobiriwira angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati antimicrobial, analgesic, mankhwala ofewetsa tuvi tolimba kapena emetic. Komanso, kulowetsedwa wa therere izi kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ululu m'dera chiwindi.

namsongole

Powonjezera Kuvuta kwa kukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu za ulimi ndi horticultural ndi anthu ambiri a banja Caryophyllaceae. Koma maudzu ambiri zoipa ndi chickweed, kapena matabwa louse. Kayendedwe ka moyo wa mbewu masiku 40 okha. Ndipo kotero nyengo, amatha ku mibadwo 3. The mmunsi mwa zimayambira woodlice, ndipo n'zosavuta kugwa mbande overwinter ndi kumera mu April oyambirira yomweyo pambuyo chisanu chimasungunula. Mbewu pambuyo maluwa, mbewu iliyonse zingabweretse kwa 25 zikwi. Pa nthawi yomweyo iwo kusunga kumera kwa zaka 8.

chakupha clove

The zomera wotchuka cha gulu ili, ndi chimanga-cockle. Izi zofala udzu ali ndi taproot yaitali. Tsinde ali ndi ndalama zokwanira mkulu (kwa 1 m), nodose, pang'ono nthambi. Masamba ndi lopapatiza lakuthwa cockle ndi maluwa - umodzi wofiirira-ofiira. Green Unyinji wa mbewu palibe choopsa kuti thanzi la munthu ndi nyama ayi. Kamodzi mbewu ndi zidole chakupha.

forage udzu

Pa madambo msipu ndi steppes kukula zosiyanasiyana oimira clove wa. Pafupifupi onse a iwo akhoza kudya ng'ombe. Komabe, phindu lalikulu ngati zomera chakudya adakali Dianthus deltoides ndi madzi myagkovolosnik. Woyamba ndi therere osatha mu msinkhu ndi masentimita 45 ndi masamba zosiyana yaitali. Mapesi a mitundu akhoza kukhala magulu awiri. Netsvetonosnye kuli oblistveny. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi aatali kwambiri, iwo kukula. Maluwa angakhale kwambiri mu gawo chapamwamba nthambi mu mphanda. Zimafalitsidwa Dianthus deltoides mbewu. Chimakula zambiri pa dera lokhala pamiyala, m'nkhalango busa, meadows ndi minda.

Myagkovolosnik madzi - lofunika chakudya udzu banja Caryophyllaceae - ndi chomera osatha, kutalika omwe mwina zimayambira 20-70 masentimita mbali chapamwamba ndi tsitsi, ndipo pansi -. Glabrous. Masamba myagkovolosnika ovoid ndi inflorescences ndi Semiumbels. M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe, mbewu izi zimapezeka mu gawo European la Russia, ndi Caucasus, Central Asia, Far East, Siberia.

Izi Mbali pamwamba akulola clove banja kuwaweruza monga opindulitsa kwambiri kwa chuma cha dziko. Kumene, gulu zikuphatikizapo kuphatikizapo namsongole, ndipo ngakhale zomera chakupha. Komabe, ambiri clove wa mtengo ndi zomera monga yokongola kuti akhoza kukhala ulemerero weniweni mabwalo, minda ndi misewu ya mzinda, ndipo monga mankhwala ndi monga chakudya.