Oblomov ndi Stolz: kufanana kwa zithunzi

Mu zopeka olemba zambiri ntchito njira otsutsana. Iye zosiyana otchulidwa kunyamula maganizo ena ndi nzeru za moyo. Nthawi zambiri, mlembi kapena ndakatulo Choncho akuimira worldview yake, mochenjera inalangizanso kwa wowerenga pa chisoni awo, poyerekezera ndi izi kapena kuti khalidwe.

Muzikangana ndi atchulidwa

olemba amakono kaŵirikaŵiri amatsatira mtundu ambiri amavomereza, umene aliyense ngwazi zabwino (protagonist) ndi galasi kusonyeza zoipa mu nkhope ya antagonist lapansi. zosabvuta Izi zimapangitsa ntchito mosavuta kumvetsetsa owerenga ambiri, koma schematization ali ndi chilema kwambiri: zoipa kapenanso zosangalatsa m'zonse, anthu moyo n'zochepa kwambiri, ndipo ngati inu yang'anitsitsani, inu sadzakumbutsanso. Kovuta kwambiri, choncho kwambiri chidwi ndi nkhani mu buku I. A. Goncharova. Yerekezerani Oblomov ndi Stolz pa kumam'phunzitsa pamaso woyamba kukana wopezeka chopanda pake Kulingalira idleness, koma ngati Kuwulura zithunzi kunadetsa amakakamiza wowerenga kuganiza za tsoka komanso makhalidwe a zilembo ziwiri. Ndipo likukhalira kuti zinthu osiyanasiyana.

Stolz monga nthumwi ya mwapang'onopang'ono bizinesi

Malinga ndi mmene dzina, Andryusha Shtolts anabadwa mu banja la Russified Germany. Ponena za masomphenyawo, Ivan Aleksandrovich Goncharov akufotokoza nzeru ochiritsira (amaonera wamba, ndi njira, lero) kuti cholinga cha TV, luso, ndi akatswiri patsogolo ena m'dziko lathu ankaimba ndi alendo, ndi ku Europe.

Kale mu Germany Russian otchedwa onse, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu, ndi alendo Western. Koma zikuonekeratu kuti Andrew makolo anachokera m'mayiko German. mayi wake pafupifupi kanthu amadziwika, kupatula kuti iye anali Russian noblewoman. Kuyambira ndili mwana, moyo osiyana anyamata. Oblomov ndi Stolz kuphunzitsa mosiyana. Atate German amamuchititsa kukula kosangalatsa yabwino. Iye akufuna mwana kukhala ngati iye. Ichi ndi chilakolako pafupifupi makolo, palibe zodabwitsa kumeneko. Iye anaphunzitsa kuti kupambana zimatheka ntchito. Izi ndi zofunika moyo mfundo (kudziwika, poyamba, osati Germany) magulu kukhala wokhwimitsa zinthu. Atate osati amakonda Mwana wake, iye anamuphunzitsa zonse zomwe akudziwa ndi amadziwa yokha. Izi n'zabwino, kholo akanatha kukhala chitsanzo chabe, koma mfundo ndi kuti pali zinthu zina zimene mabuku awo sanalembedwe kwa kumvetsa. Ndipo tsopano pali antipodes awiri, Oblomov ndi Stolz. Kuyerekezera yogwira German ndipo Russian aulesi - amakonda mutu wa nthabwala, ndi m'mayiko onse. Timakonda kukhala nditaona za kupusa wake, ndipo mu Germany ndi zosangalatsa kutsindika makhalidwe abwino khalidwe la anthu.

Oblomov

Yerekezerani Stolz ndi Oblomov si cholinga, ngati si kuganizira peculiarities wa maphunziro mwana anyamata awiri. Ngati Andriusha bambo anali naye ndipo anaphunzitsa zonse zimene akanatha, ndiye Ilya, Komano, zaka zake zoyambirira zosangalatsa atangoona. Zimenezi yekha ndi nkhonya kwambiri pa ganizo la Mwachangu wapadera German, ngati "Azungu" wofunika a mibadwo yonse. N'zotheka kuti chilengedwe majini ndi apeza akupambana, koma Mwina mkulu kuti, m'mene maphunziro apamwamba, ndi Andrew akanati liukitsidwa sanasiye kuchita masewero othamanga. Mtima wofuna ntchito ndi kwaiye zinthu maganizo, imathamanga aliyense zamaganizo. Choncho, mphunzitsi wanzeru ngakhale ubwana wopanda mitambo amalenga "maphunziro" mukakhala mikangano kuti titukule khalidwe amphamvu a anthu a achinyamata. Ngati zonse ndi zabwino, ndiye amayesetsa kanthu, ndipo manja. Komabe, Ilya Ilyich Oblomov, nayenso, ndi makhalidwe abwino. Iye ndi wokoma mtima komanso nzeru zake, mlendo kwa iye zachabechabe ndi kunyada, iye ali ndi kumvetsa bwino kwambiri malo awo mu moyo, kuti ndi bwino kuyamba kudzidalira.

ubwenzi

Pali zinthu zambiri zachirendo mu miyoyo yathu. Fanizo la mfundo imeneyi buku Goncharov angathe kutumikira monga ubwenzi Stolz ndi Oblomov. Zotsutsana kukopa mu zochitika thupi, ndi mu zochitika. Aliyense wa mawonekedwe a nkhani akufunafuna chinachake wake comrade kuti akusowa kwa iye. Wonse Ile Ilichu chinachake Ndikufuna kukhala ngati Andrei Ivanovich, ngakhale mu zonse. Ndipo Stolz wokongola chikondi chimatanthauza (poyamba chimodzi mwa zinthu Germany) comrade wake. Realist, mantha maloto ndi kuganiza monga mzere woongoka, makamaka, nthawi zambiri mulibe m'maganizo zokwanira Mokhumbira woona. Komanso bwino chifukwa cha malonda, kukwaniritsa wapamwamba, munthu amene akuona kuti pa lingaliro kuti chimwemwe anali sanapeze. Koma izi ndi pamene tanthauzo la moyo wa aliyense. Kodi Oblomov ndi osangalala? Yerekezerani Stolz ndi Oblomov zikusonyeza kuti aliyense wa zilembo ndi mavuto aakulu a moyo, amene iwo nthawi zina sakuganiza.

ma aligorivimu khalidwe

Anthu amadziwa pamene iye ali ndi mavuto aakulu uka. Kwathunthu mosiyanasiyana ndi kusintha moyo zochitika Oblomov ndi Stolz. Kuyerekezera ndi khalidwe khalidwe la comrades awiri kupenda mlingo wa chisamaliro makolo kukuonetsedwa German Ivan (Johann?) Kuti mwana wake pa analeredwera. Mu unyamata mnyamata analandira kwambiri za zinthu zopindulitsa za dziko. Koma, ngakhale mwadongosolo awo, iwo ankaimira mmalo akonzedwa mungachite kuti kanthu, osankhidwa nkhokwe, basi monga wantchito wapeza kiyi gulu. Mu zaka zotchulidwa, mwina, njira zimenezi yilungamitsidwa yokha, ngati Stolz anakhoza kukhala bizinezi ndi bwino. Komanso, chidwi ndi chikhalidwe ubale zimene zimabweretsa Oblomov ndi Stolz. ubwenzi wawo kuyambira ubwana zinali zochokera kuzindikira kuti ulamuliro wa Andrew.

Pankhani Oblomov khalidwe la aligorivimu anali yafupika kuchepetsa nkhawa ndi zipolowe. Iye sanafune kuphunzitsa, koma sanafune kuphunzira chirichonse. Kukhala munthu wophunzira sankakhulupirira phindu la chidziwitso akamagwira iwo poganiza kuti iye chirichonse mu moyo wake moyo.

Akazi ndi ngwazi

Kunama pakama, ndi zovuta kukhala bwino ndi madona. mawu awa Sitinganene kuti kukayika, koma tsoka anali ndi mwayi ndipo Ile Ilichu, amene ankakonda chibwana zinafika kwa ntchito. Olga Ilinskaya, achinyamata ndi wokongola, ngakhale ambiri absurdities khalidwe Oblomov (kapena mwina chifukwa cha iwo, amene amamvetsetsa moyo wamkazi?) Anagona mu chikondi ndi ngwazi hapless. Young charmer ngati ndi Andrei Ivanovich, amene poyamba sanali ngofunika aliyense kuti kupikisana izi, koma, poona zenizeni wake, anatha likatembenuza mafunde mu mtima mwawo. Yerekezerani Oblomov ndi Stolz pa nkhani ya ukali anthu Sichoncho mokomera otsiriza, koma chikondi, monga nkhondo, njira zonse zabwino. Choncho, osachepera, kunena ku Ulaya, makamaka French. Kukayikakayika posankha Ivana Ilicha, mwachizolowezi, ntchito kutsutsana naye. Oblomov anapeza chimwemwe ndi mkazi wina, mwina mokulirapo n'koyenera, Agafia Pshenitsyn, ngakhale lowala monga Olga, koma wodekha ndi wachikondi.

Kusiyana ndi kufanana

Pali maganizo amphamvu kuti AI mu nkhope ya Oblomov Goncharov limaletsa mtundu manyazi ulesi, inertia ndi inertia wa otchuka Russian. Ngati titsatira mfundo imeneyi, ndiye chifaniziro Stolz ophatikizapo ndi zolinga kusintha kwa zinthu akutulukira likulu zoweta (pambuyo pa zonse, mapeto, ndi ngakhale dzina German, munthu Russian anali kwambiri). Komabe zikuoneka kuti Oumba ankafuna kumuuza iye kanthu zambiri buku, ndipo zinatheka. zotsutsana amenewa anali Oblomov ndi Stolz. Mapangidwe a ichi Iley Ilichom "chibwana yolembedwa" zikuwononga kwambiri ndi zolemba. Iye sanafune kukhala pa tebulo khadi, kucheza za kanthu, chidwi kuti kuposa china chilichonse. Iye anapambutsa mtima wofuna Kulingalira kwa dziko osati opusa. Kufanana kwa Oblomov ndi Stolz ndi chilakolako cha onse kugona. Loto chabe mu oyamba kwenikweni, thupi, ndipo chachiwiri - abwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Ilya Ilyich kudziwa harmfulness awo a khalidwe lonyansa, amanena za izo kwa bwenzi lake, kuzindikira mpheto wake polimbana ndi ulesi. Andrey pochita kutsutsa sindingakhoze.

Oblomov kopita?

Ndipo zomwe ndi zosiyana kwambiri Oblomov ndi Stolz? Kuyerekezera n'lodziwikiratu. Limodzi nthawi zonse mabodza ndi zina zoyenda zonse. Oblomov sakufuna ngakhale kumva za zonena za angongole, iye akufuna kulemba mtundu wa dongosolo ya kukhazikitsanso zigawo zawo, akubwera kuchepa, koma nthawi iliyonse ndinagona, ndipo sanayambe phunziro ili. Stolz zonse panjira, makamaka kunja. Akuitana chomwecho ndi zina poganiza kuti zinkakhalira akutali adzaukitsa ntchito kwambiri. Ilya Ilyich ali palibe mofulumira kupita kwina, iye anali mu dziko lakwawo bwino, makamaka pa nthawi imene mu moyo wanga munthu kuti wayamba kusintha. Mwa njira, anthu awiriwa si achinyamata, makumi atatu (mwachitsanzo, "munthu wakale" Karenina Tolstoy anali pasanathe zaka 50). Mwina ufulu akufuna kukangana Oblomov mu ukalamba wake ...

Amene ali wothandiza kwambiri?

Ngati tikambirana buku monga ntchito za cilamulo Goncharova, kwenikweni zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi chitsutso cha typecasting monga Oblomov ndi Stolz. Anawayerekezera mawu a chuma ndale awulule mwayi bwino mfundo yogwira pa moyo wofuna ndipo mukuona. Limodzi nthawi zonse mu ntchito, ndi kupanga onyenga zabwino za "munthu wachikasu," kudzuka pa asanu ndi mayendedwe nokha olimbitsa ukhondo. The chachiwiri lagona limply ikufotokoza mavuto nthanthi popanda kuganizira za tsogolo lawo. Lipindulitsa pa anthu Stolz. Koma tikhoza kukhala ngati iyeyo? Ndipo kuli kofunika?

ufulu

Ine mobwerezabwereza buku wosafa mwa I. A. Goncharova ndi potaya izo pa kaonedwe zovala zina zigawo za anthu masiku ano maganizo owolowa manja, akhoza kudza kwa mapeto paradoxical kuti Oblomov ali mwa chionetsero cha "mtengo ufulu". "Azungu" Stolz ndi olemekezeka "anthu yellow" ntchito kulimbikitsa chuma cha dziko kunyumba, koma Oblomov amakhala palokha, popanda kusokoneza aliyense, popanda akufuna kusamalira bwino losonkhanitsidwa. Chabwino, iye sanabadwe womenya, kodi mungatani ... Kodi izo pamene tormoshat wake, ngakhale ngati akuchita zimenezo n'cholinga ubwenzi. Ndi nkhani ya ufulu, ndipo aliyense amakhala momwe iye akufuna.

Iye anafa ali aang'ono, kuweruza ndi mawu a buku, pamaso kubadwa awo makumi anai. Iye imawonongeka I. I. Oblomova mwachionekere zilakolako zoipa moyo, chikumbumtima anasankha mwa iye pambuyo kuswedwa ndi Olga. Iyi ndi zokonda zathu, ngakhale mwa munthu chisoni iye.