Nkhondo ya Kulikovo: yochepa nkhani. 1380, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy, Zolotaya Orda Mamaia

M'zaka za m'ma XIV Russian ukulu anapitiriza kukhala pansi pa gori la Golden gulu. Panalibe umodzi pakati ndale, zomwe zingachititse nkhondo yolimbana ndi asilikaliwa. udindo umene unagwa ku Moscow ukulu. Olamulira adakwanitsa kupambana mpikisano Tver.

Kuphatikiza padziko Moscow

Zimenezi zinachititsa Moscow kusonkhanitsa msonkho kwa Golden gulu. Mu 1374, pambuyo Mamai anathandiza Prince wa Tver pomenyera wachifumu wa Vladimir ndi wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy anakana kumulipira golide asonkha anthu. M'tsogolo, nkhondo inasanduka nkhondo lotseguka.

asilikali Russian agwidwa ndi Middle Volga Chitata. Mu 1377 adagonjetsedwa pa mtsinje ataledzera. asilikali Moscow achitanji Patapita miyezi yochepa. Pa Vozha mtsinje iwo adakwanitsa kupambana Murza Begich. Komabe, nkhondo izi ankangochita kuyeserera nkhondo m'tsogolo.

Sungani asilikali ndi kumanga ake

Mu August 1380, wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy bungwe mndandanda wa asilikali onse Russian. Motsogozedwa yake Army ndi maukulu ena. Iwo anali makamaka Suzdal ndi SMOLENTSEV. Lidadzanso Regiment ka Tver, amene anali wotsogozedwa ndi mphwake wa Prince wa Gdańsk. Mpaka pano, pali mtsutso, panayenera kuti agwirizane Novgorod.

mwanjira ina, koma Don anatha kusonkhanitsa pansi mbendera ake 70 zikwi ankhondo. asilikali chidagawika patatu. The Regiment waukulu pakati kutsogoleredwa ndi wotchedwa Dmitry. Kumanja anaima Yaroslavl lotsogoleredwa ndi Vladimir Andreyevich - Serpukhov kalonga ndi msuweni Don. Kumanzere anatsogolera Bryansk kazembe Gleb. Apa inatembenuka, pamene Nkhondo ya Kulikovo Field mu 1380.

Pa njira dziko la asilikali Mongolia Muscovite anapita Sergiya Radonezhskogo. Woyambitsa wa Utatu Lavra wa St. Sergio ankadziwika onse pa dziko. Iye anadalitsa asilikali ndipo anapereka Dmitri otchuka awiri, omwe anali kale Chimonko - Peresvet ndi Oslyablyu.

Amayi akuganiza kuti asilikali Russian sanayese n'komwe kupita Oka ndi kutenga malo kumbuyo, monga zilili mu nkhondo yapita. Komabe, wotchedwa Dmitry ankafuna kugunda choyamba, kuti kulola Chitata kugwirizana ndi ogwirizana. Sitepe anali kuopsa kwambiri - anatsalira nkhokwe zonse zimene tili nazo. Mu nkhani ya kugonjetsedwa, asilikali kuti kwathunthu kufa ndi kubwerera kunyumba.

Pamene asilikali Russian anapita Don, limodzi ndi asilikali Chilituyaniya. Iwo anatsogoleredwa ndi ana a Algirdas - wotchedwa Dmitry ndi Andrey. Pansi mbendera awo anali anthu a Pskov, Polotsk, ndi zina zotero. D. Pambuyo kubera reinforcements, anaganiza kuti Vladimir Andreyevich adzakhala lotsogoledwa ndi Regiment abisalire ndi, Andrey Olgerdovich adzatsogolera asilikali lamanja la Don.

Mamai anali kukonzekera nkhondo ndi mavuto. The Golden gulu anapitiriza nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Mamai anaopseza Tokhtamysh kuti akhoza kuukira mdani mwachindunji chifukwa cha Volga.

Njira ya nkhondo

Asilikali Russian anawoloka Don, ali mwachindunji anatentha milatho yonse. Ichi chidachitika kuti kwa Mamaia sakanakhoza kulowa anzake pakati akalonga ena Chilituyaniya, ndi Ryazan. Pa September 7, asilikali potsiriza zinatenga malo ake, kuyembekezera mdani. Vladimir A. pamodzi ndi Dmitriem Bobrokom-Volyn anatumizidwa ku munda, kumene iye anamenyedwa ndi magulu atsopano pa nthawi mwachangu. Madzulo lonse ndi usiku wa Don asilikali anabwera ndipo adafikapo chikhalidwe chawo. Ndiye Tartars anapeza azondi woyamba Russian.

Wotchedwa Dmitry anafuna kukhala mwachindunji nawo nkhondo pakati pa asilikali wamba. Choncho iye anasintha zida ndi mmodzi wa confidants wake. Chitata, osadziwa za chinyengo, anapha munthu amene anatenga kalonga.

Nkhondo ya Kulikovo, nkhani mwachidule amene ali pano mu njira zosiyanasiyana zopangira zolembalemba, anayamba pa 8 September. asilikali anasonkhana pamaso masana, kuyembekezera mkulu wa dongosolo.

Amadziwika kuti ndi nkhondo ndi Peresvet Chelubey anayamba nkhondo ya Kulikovo. A nkhani yochepa, kapena kani lofotokozera za nkhani imeneyi - ndipo izo zikupanga zakukhudzani, kunena kanthu lemba mokwanira mbiri ya! Zinali mwambo wakale, awiri wankhondo wamphamvu kwambiri - wina ndi aliyense wa zipani chikumenyana - kumenyana Tete-a-Tete. okwera onse adamwalira ndi kulasa makope.

Ndiye makamu onse anathamangira kwa wina ndi mnzake. Nkhonyayo waukulu zinagwa pa malo ndi pambali yakumanzere ya kumuwombera Russia. Ena a asilikali pano anadulidwa ku misa chachikulu. Pomenyana anayamba abwerere kwa Nepryadva, chifukwa panali ngozi kumbuyo yopuma. Hot anali Nkhondo ya Kulikovo. asilikali Russian zowawa zomvetsa kwambiri, ankangoona pafupi kugonjetsa mdani ...

Kuukira abisalire Regiment

Pa nthawi iyi mu mtengo pafupi apo panali kusamvetsetsana pakati Vladimir Serpukhov ndi warlord Bobrok. Mkulu ankafuna kuti akanthe pa Chitata pasanapite nthawi kuchokera pa chiyambi cha nkhondo. Komabe, kazembe anayankhula, ndipo kumuwombera anali kuyembekezera yoyenera, pamene nkhondo anapitirizabe munda Kulikovo. A nkhani zazifupi za izo, ndi momwe mumakhala ntchito zolembalemba "Zadonshchina" olembedwa kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XV.

Pomaliza Chitata apakavalo anayandikira Nepryadva, kuthamangitsa kuthawa Regiment kumanzere. Inali pa nthawi iyi asilikali, amene amadikirira, anapha mdani. The apakavalo analibe nthawi kuti abwerere mu nthawi ndipo kwenikweni kutengeka ndi mtsinje. Pa nthawi yomweyo unkatchedwa mayunitsi amanyansidwa motsogozedwa Don.

nthawi yonseyi Mamai anatsatira nkhondo kutali, atazungulira anamuperekeza wake. Pambuyo amasulidwe kumuwombera abisalire, iye anazindikira kuti iwo anataya nkhondo ya Kulikovo. A nkhani yochepa nkhani imeneyi Sizingathe kusonyeza mmene ankakhalira pa nkhondo. Kukuwa, kukuwa, mosalongosoka mthunzi anathaŵa pochita mantha Chitata ...

nkhondo Latha

Obisalira mmwamba pafupifupi 50 kutali. Opulumutsidwa okha chakhumi a asilikali mdani. Chase anatsogolera Vladimir Serpukhov. Wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy anavulazidwa, ndi anzake mbasowa pakati mitembo ambiri. Pamapeto pake anapeza birch kugwetsa. Iwo kugonja pa chishalo, ndipo kalonga anatha kukwawa kuti nkhalango. Pamene iye anabwera, iye kwinaku anayamba kudzamuthokoza opambana.

Nkhondo ya Kulikovo mu 1380 inayamba mu chaka chomwecho ndipo zinatha. Opulumuka anayamba kusonkhanitsa ovulala. Ngolo anatambasula makilomita angapo. Chilituyaniya Prince Jagiello, amene sanali inu revenues amayi, kuphunzira za chigonjetso Russian, analowa kunyumba. Komabe, m'madera ena a iwo anapita kulanda ndi kupha stragglers. Ryazan kalonga komanso anakana mgwirizano ndi amayi ndi anachonderera "wamng'ono" poyerekezera ndi mkulu wa Moscow.

mtengo

Nkhondo ya Kulikovo, amene anayamba chaka patchuthi Russia, zinachititsa chakuti Moscow potsiriza anakhazikitsa wokha ngati mtsogoleri wa andale. Zolotaya Orda adalowa mndandanda wa mavuto ndi nkhondo yapachiweniweni. Komabe, ngakhale zana zaka khans ake ayerekeze kuti apatsidwe msonkho Russia. Pomaliza goli yagwera pansi Ivan III, mu 1480, pambuyo ataima pa Ugra.

zithandiza zikutsimikiziridwa ndi zinthu zina zakale. Za Nkhondo ya Kulikovo nyimbo ndi nthano analemba anthu. Iwo wakhala chizindikiro cha ukulu wa dziko. Mu Russia ano, September 21 (September 8, Old kalendala) anamuzindikira Tsiku la Asilikali Ulemerero.