Milungu ya India

The chachiwiri Zakachikwi BC. e. inali nthawi pamene mu India mafuko Aryan coexisted ndi ochokera Iran. Choncho, chinenero cha mitundu iwiri anali umafananirako kumene munthu amasonyeza mwa mawu, mipatuko ndi zipembedzo. Kupanga Vedic nthano limatchula nthawi imeneyi, yomwe kumaonekera chipilala mabuku Indian, ndi nsanja Veda, omwe anasonkhana zoposa zikwi nyimbo wodzipereka kwa milungu.

Monga mu nthano zakale, milungu ya India anagonjera atsogoleriwa. Pa mutu wa gulu anali Dyaus, iye anali mulungu wa mlengalenga ndi kuwala kwa kumwamba. Komabe, mu Rigveda gulu lake la mpatuko anali kale mu mkhalidwe ikutha. Zonse mu gulu Vedic, panali makumi atatu milungu. Ena a iwo anali pa dziko lapansi, pamene winayo anali kumwamba, ndi wachitatu ankaona chilengedwe.

Kenako nyimbo mulungu wamkulu wotchedwa Varuna. Iye anali woweruza, zedi chilango chifukwa cha machimo awo. Mu nthano ya nsanja ya Veda wotchedwa mutu wa gulu la Indra - mulungu wa mabingu, amene anagonjetsa chinjoka Vritra, anaopseza kuti chimulikhwire chilengedwe. Ena mwa milungu kwambiri akulemekezedwa la India, anafotokoza mu mwambo wa nsanja Veda ndi moto mulungu Agni, mulungu wa wopatulika chakumwa Soma. Kuwonjezera iwo mu gulu la milungu anali, munthu zochitika zachilengedwe: mulungu dzuwa Surya, mulungu wamkazi wa mbandakucha Ushas, mapasa Ashwins amene anali kugwirizana ndi chisanadze m'bandakucha madzulo ndi usiku.

Mu nsanja ya Veda anasonyeza gawo loyambirira la chilengedwe cha Nthano pamene anafa zinthu. Choncho, milungu ya India wakale anagawidwa m'magulu awiri; asuras ndi devas. Woyamba malo kumene kuli mu mlengalenga ndipo kenako anayamba anazindikira ngati zinthu ankhanza munthu anthropomorphic. Devas yonenedwa milungu.

Ndi zipilala pozdnevediyskim zolembalemba zikuphatikizapo Yajur Veda, Atharva Veda ndi mkombero Brahman. Anailandira chitukuko ndi zamoyo wa zikhulupiriro achipembedzo a m'nthawi imeneyo. Pa kutsogolo anali asankha Mulungu Mlengi Prajapati. Iwo ankatchedwa mlengi wa chilengedwe chonse ndi atate wa milungu. Anasintha pang'onopang'ono udindo wa milungu ina, mwina Anabwereka sanali Aryan mipatuko. Vishnu - mmodzi wa iwo. Brahman dzina lake anali kugwirizana ndi dzuwa nthano ndi popereka nsembe. Umulungu Rudra, amene pambuyo pake anapeza dzina la Siva, anatenga mbali chachikale chinkawavuta a zipembedzo kale za anthu amene ankakhala mu India asanabwere wa Aryans.

Iwo anali akachisi wapadera. Pakuti miyambo wapadera, amene anafuna milungu ya India, anamanga maguwa ansembe. Nthawi zina, iwo apeza mawonekedwe kwambiri chodabwitsa. Mwachitsanzo, mu mawonekedwe a mbalame. Iwo wopereka nsembe. Mu kenako otchedwa Vedas anasintha maganizo awo ndi miyambo. Tsopano, ankaganiza kuti milungu mphamvu kutsogolo kwa wansembe, amene zochita ndi tanthauzo zamatsenga. Ansembe yonenedwa milungu lapansi.

Atafika milungu yatsopano ya India, Vishnu ndi Shiva, Indra ndikunyoza ntchito, iye anapita mmphepete mwa njira. Kusintha mtengo ndi mafano ena. Varuna anakhala mulungu wa dziko lapansi ndi mlengalenga madzi, Soma anakhala mulungu wa mwezi. Ena mwa zazing'ono (a gulu akale) anali amamuiwala.

Pa mapeto a nthawi Vedic, anachita chiphunzitso cha Karma. Malinga ndi iye chiwerengero cha zabwino ndi zoipa anachita mu moyo wanga wamwamuna, chokhoza kusonkhezera kubadwanso ake. mzimu wake umapita atamwalira kumwamba kapena ku Hade, kenako inapitiriza mu cholengedwa china moyo. Limafotokoza malo munthu mmadera: chilango cha machimo a moyo wina kalelo kapena mphoto ya ntchito zabwino. Circle kwa kubadwanso nkhawa osati anthu, komanso milungu.

Kuyambira masiku a Brahman lingaliro la mphamvu dziko kuti tigule munthu amachitira wokonda moyo wodzimana kuzunzidwa thupi ndi moyo wosasangalala. Choncho panali nthano mphamvu osagwirizana mafano. The watsopano mulungu - Brahma, m'malo mutu wa gulu pozdnevediyskomu Prajapati. Mtengo wa Shiva ndi Vishnu kuchuluka, ndipo Indra, ngakhale amaona "mfumu ya milungu," anasamukira ku malo wamng'ono. Mu kenako otchedwa Vedas Yama anaonekera, munthu amene atamwalira akanakhoza kutsegula njira ya moyo wina pambuyo kumwamba anakhala mfumu kumeneko.

Archaism ya nthano Vedic ndi chinenero, kumakuthandizani kuphunzira m'mbuyomu anthu onse a m'mayiko a ku Ulaya ndi pakati kugwirizana kwambiri alipo. Pa nthawi yomweyo India, milungu yake, kukhala phunziro chidwi chosafa lero.