Manual, makina ndi hayidiroliki guillotine. Inanyongedwa - izo ...

Pamene "guillotine" mawu, anthu ambiri nthawi yomweyo pamaso pa chithunzi choopsa ukuonekera chilango. Akukhulupirira kuti French anatulukira chida cha imfa. Ndithudi, France analenga guillotine mu mawonekedwe limene tili amakonda kuziwona izo, koma patsogolo kuti lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ena ku Ulaya. Mu Ireland ndi Scotland Kutulukira yoopsa ankatchedwa mdzakazi Scotland, Italy - Mandaia, Germany - Fallbeil. Koma poyamba chida zimenezi anthu kunjenjemera kwa mmodzi mwa mtundu wake, ndi tsopano kwa anthu apindule ndi guillotine. chipangizo ichi tsopano ntchito kudula zitsulo, pepala kudula ndi ndudu zazikulu.

Kodi guillotine?

M'lingaliro choyambirira cha guillotine - ndi limagwirira kwa kudula mutu, amene ntchito m'mayiko osiyanasiyana ku Ulaya anawaikira chilango cha imfa. Mfuti sinali yaikulu oblique mpeni, miyeso ranged kuchokera makilogalamu 40-100 ikuyenda pakati pa atsogoleri choimirira. Chingwe limatuluka ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 3 mamita ndipo wotetezedwa ndi latch a. Chilango cha imfa, kuvala benchi, ndipo mutu wake Ufumuyo pakati pa matabwa ndi recess kwa khosi. M'munsi anali atathana ndi chapamwamba - anawamvera mmwamba ndi pansi mu mipata ya. The latch atanyamula mpeni, anatsegula ndalezo wapadera ndipo anagwa pa liwilo mwachindunji pa khosi la woberedwa, nchifukwa chake imfa inabwera yomweyo.

Anayambitsa zida kuphedwa

Kwa nthawi yaitali mu France zigawenga anamuwotcha pamtengo, kumakhala kapena kupachikidwa, anthu mwayi kokha anaphedwa ndi kudula mitu yawo ndi nkhwangwa kapena lupanga, kuchepetsa mavuto awo. Dr. Guillotin, amene anali m'Bungwe National Assembly mu 1791, kwa nthawi yoyamba anapereka kuti ayende chilango cha chomwecho mwa kugawa anthu mu wamba ndi olemekezeka. Malinga ndi iye, guillotine - izi ndi njira yabwino kwambiri kuti tichepetse wochimwayo ku ululu lathupi ndi maganizo, ngati chida msanga lotengeka ndi kutaya miyoyo yawo pa nkhani ya masekondi.

Nchakuti maganizo Jean Guillotin mu Assembly Constituent koyamba 1789. Pambuyo kwambiri pa mlanduwo, koma mapeto ambiri a anthu anagwirizana ndi dokotala, ndipo mu 1791 njira kuphedwa anali mwalamulo kwa anthu Code Wachifwamba. Choyamba, kupha chida anayesedwa pa cadavers, koma m'chaka cha 1792 kunachitika chilango choyamba mu Place de A Greve mu ntchito njira imeneyi. Kwa nthawi yaitali ndinkakhulupirira kuti anayambitsa inanyongedwa avutika chilengedwe chake chomwecho, koma si zoona. Guillotin anafa imfa yachibadwa mu 1814.

Kugwiritsa ntchito guillotine mu Europe

ambiri lodziwika bwino umunthu anadula mutu guillotine. chida ichi cha imfa chinafala m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya, koma koposa zonse anavutika izo French. Pa French kuukira boma, zigawenga zambiri anali gilotirovany limagwirira ntchito imeneyi ndi zida chachikulu cha chilango ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka 1981. Mu Germany, ndi guillotine ankaona mtundu waukulu kuphedwa mpaka 1949. limagwirira German kusiyana pang'ono kuchokera French, ndinali winch kwa kutukula mpeni, posts ofukula zitsulo ndipo anali ochepa kwambiri. Mfuti sinali ntchito mwakhama Nazi Germany zigawenga kuwadula.

Mbiri ya inanyongedwa wasiya chizindikiro chake mu Italy. Mu 1819, limagwirira wakhala anazindikira monga chida chachikulu kuphedwa. zigawenga zinali anadula mutu pafupi Castel Sant'Angelo kuti Piazza del Popolo. guillotine Roma anali ndi makhalidwe chake pa kamangidwe: okhota "Icho chinawawawa" Finyani thupi la munthu amamangidwa ndi tsamba molunjika. Nthawi yotsiriza imene ilo ntchito m'chilimwe cha 1870, kenako chinathetsedwa. Wamtali ku XVIII kwa XX m'ma malo ukapolo chilango ndi ukapolo kwa akaidi a zandale. Mu malo awa otentha zambiri chidayala malungo aakulu ndi kupulumuka apa zinali zosatheka. Sinnamary m'ndende amatchedwa "youma guillotine."

Buku inanyongedwa

nthawi zowawitsa, pamene anthu amene adawadula khosi chifukwa chokhumudwitsa pang'ono, ali kale, ndi tsopano ndi kuyambitsa kwa Dr. Guillotin kuti athandize anthu. Kudula zida makina wosalira ntchito ya akatswiri nthawi zambiri. Mfundo kudula zinthu kumadalira pa mfundo za machitidwe a limagwirira choyamba. The makina guillotine linakhulupirira ndi kuliika mpeni m'munsi, kotero kuti iye ankawoneka ngati awiri a lumo ndi zambiri. Malinga ntchito, kukula ndi makulidwe a kugwiritsidwa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya guillotines. Losavuta awa njira Buku.

makina ntchito zikomo ku limagwirira ndalezo-masika. Buku guillotine ngakhale ndi zida osavuta kuti sikutanthauza mpheto aliyense artful, koma chotchuka kwambiri mu makampani. Mothandizidwa ndi pulasitiki ake odulidwa, wopyapyala zitsulo, wandiweyani zikatoni, labala plexiglass. makina bwino kuti icho ntchito Sikuti kupereka kulankhulana zina, izo sikutanthauza magetsi ntchito mu malo aliwonse, ndipo nthawi zambiri amachepetsa mtengo wa ntchito.

mawotchi guillotine

Machine zida atsimikizira kukhala mbali zabwino. Zochita zinali kukayendera kudalirika kwa zipangizo osati bwino molondola kugwira ntchito, koma amadya mphamvu zochepa. limagwirira yaikidwa pa driveshaft galimoto mpeni. Kudzera lumikiza wa chimatilowetsa makokedwe. Sam flywheel ndi zimayenda ndi mota.

inanyongedwa hayidiroliki

Zipangizozo zimagwiritsa ntchito za malonda sing'anga ambiri, ngati iwo ali chachikulu, wapatali zofunika kwa kupanga zinthu conveyor. Hayidiroliki guillotine mosavuta kupirira makulidwe zitsulo zosiyanasiyana. Mkulu-mwatsatanetsatane mzere ndi makina chachikulu hayidiroliki zipangitsa mwatsatanetsatane mtheradi wa odulidwa. Chitsulo pepala pa kutalika lonse la odulidwa chili clamping zonenepa hayidiroliki, koma kusiyana masamba ayenera kusintha umakaniko.

zitsulo inanyongedwa

makina inanyongedwa ali makamaka ntchito processing zitsulo mpukutu, kudula mu n'kupanga, kudula pepala mu yopingasa ndi kotenga malangizo. zida ya m'manja akhoza mosavuta sanali akakhala zitsulo (nthaka, zitsulo zotayidwa, mkuwa, kasakaniza wazitsulo) ndi zitsulo ndi wopyapyala. Kugwetsa chuma chachikulu zikugwira hayidiroliki, makina, pneumatic, makina electromechanical.

Inanyongedwa umabala yosalala konsekonse odulidwa popanda burrs kapena deformations ena. Pamene kudula pepala la amachepa zinyalala, ngakhale pa nthawi imene mbali zosiyana za mawonekedwe zovuta. Pa makina chotero amalola kudula ngakhale utoto zitsulo ❖ kuyanika sakutero Chip kapena opunduka. Ena zida akhoza kudula lalikulu, okhota, kuzungulira zitsulo. Inanyongedwa makina akhoza kudula okwana chachikulu zakuthupi.

inanyongedwa Paper

Pamene kupanga Paper-kudula zipangizo, nayenso, panali ntchito lowopsya la atayamba Dr. Guillotin. Malinga cholinga chomwe ntchito ndi zimene pati, kusiyanitsa pakati pa makina, magetsi, Buku ndi hayidiroliki mitundu ya nyumba. pepala inanyongedwa zimagwiritsa ntchito padziko lonse mafakitale. Ndi chinthu chabwino kuti abwino kudula stacks lalikulu la pepala kwa mapepala 800.

A limagwirira mpeni amadula CHIKWANGWANI, osati akukankha kwa iwo, n'zotheka chifukwa gululi diagonally. Inanyongedwa amadula volumetric otaya pepala, kusiya kagawo mwangwiro oyera, ichi ndi mwayi lake lalikulu. Kuonjezera ntchito zida, adzakhazikitse ufumuwu masanjidwe, basi kukanikiza ndi kusonyeza cutoff mzere. Komanso, ngati n'koyenera, pa makina alionse, mukhoza mukhale mpeni.

Inanyongedwa kwa zindudu

Dzina la chida olusa kuphedwa, zambiri m'lingaliro nditaona cha mawu ntchito pofotokoza zipangizo kudula nsonga ya ndudu ya. Kwa nthawi yaitali zimenezi, ntchito mipeni kapena lumo, koma iwo sanapereke kuti zotsatira, amene amapereka guillotine. Ndudu zazikulu ndi mapeto chatsekedwa, timachitira ndi kusunga amakambirana yoyambirira ya fodya. Mbiri Poona guillotine kwambiri ngati mitundu kompyuta, ngakhale pali ya m'manja (kunyamula) chipangizo. Iwo ali abwino ntchito mu chipinda wamba kapena kunyumba.

Ndudu kuwomba pa pang'ono zolimba, guillotine zimapangitsa kagawo yosalala, chifukwa cha zimene wosuta afika zosangalatsa kwambiri kwa ndondomekoyi, pakuti safuna jerky ndi zachifalansa yosalala ndi kutulutsa. Zam'manja guillotines ndi one- ndi awiri amaganiza. The mipeni yakuthwa, kotero mapindikidwe wa tsamba fodya likuchotsedwa. Zambiri wosuta bwino ntchito guillotine amgwirizano, njira unilateral kwa mabwana.